A

Accessibility, designing for, 279

Account management, 70

Account provisioning, 70

ADP, SaaS solution, 27

Alertra system uptime monitoring, 305–306, 305f

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), 8

Amazon pricing calculator, 262

Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), 10

Amazon Web Services (AWS), 9–10, 45, 92

Antivirus software, 141–142, 141f, 163

Apache Hadoop Distributed File System, 87–89, 88f

API (application program interface), 33, 183, 233, 237, 237f

Apple iCloud, 2–3, 3f, 81–82, 82f

Application characteristics, 221

Application program interface (API), 33, 183, 233, 237, 237f

Apps

defined, 233

web applications vs., 235–236, 236f

Architecture, 182

"as-a-service" solutions, 195–197, 196f

Audit capabilities, 202

Auditing, 279–280. See also specific applications

Auditing process, 249, 249f

Audit logging process, 70

Augmented reality, 322, 322f

Authentication, 69

Authorization, 69

Availability, designing for, 280

Azure, Windows PaaS solution, 4–5, 47, 47f, 91, 91f

B

Backups

cloud-based systems, 86–88, 87f

designing for, 280

functions of, 160

product solutions, 28–29, 29f

Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC), 14

Berkeley view of cloud computing, 320

Big data, 87, 88f

Black box, 186

Blade servers, 44, 44f, 120, 122–123, 122–123f

Blockchain, 323–324

Block storage, 92

Blogs (web logs), 109–110, 110f

Bottleneck, defined, 303

Bring your own device (BYOD), 239

Budget factors, 224, 283

Business continuity, 157–176. See also Security

defined, 164

disaster recovery plan, 170–174, 281

overview, 157–158

risk mitigation, 170, 171t

service-level agreements, 169–170, 194, 308

threats. See Threats

Business impact and economics, 259–271

chargebacks, 267

concepts, 260–270

data centers, 268, 268f

key performance indicators, 268, 269–270t

marketing, 270, 270f

Moore's Law, 267

overview, 259–260

right sizing, 267–268

Business strategy, 246, 247, 249

BYOD (Bring your own device), 239

C

Caching, 309

CADF (Cloud Auditing Data Federation), 15

Calendar management, 113–114, 114f

California Consumer Protection Act (CCPA), 204, 204f

Call centers as a service (CCaaS), 17, 169

Capability Maturity Model (CMM), 248, 248t

Capacity planning, 206–207, 280, 308

Capital expenditures (CAPEX), 263

Carbonite cloud-based backup software, 86–88, 88f

Carbonite, SaaS solution, 28–29, 29f

CCaaS (Call centers as a service), 17

CCPA (California Consumer Protection Act), 204, 204f

CDMI (Cloud Data Management Interface), 92, 93f

CDNs (Content delivery networks), 92

Cell phones, 234, 234f, 235t

Certificate of Cloud Security Knowledge, 147

Chargebacks, 267

Cisco, IBSG presentation, 321, 321f

Cloud Auditing Data Federation (CADF), 15

Cloud-based block storage devices, 92

Cloud-based database, 47

Cloud-based data storage systems, 81–87

Cloud-based network-attached storage (CloudNAS) devices, 60–61, 61, 61f

Cloud bursting, 225, 225f

Cloud computing, 1–18

defined, 1–3

governance. See Governance issues

grid computing, 14–16, 14f

scalability. See Scalability

types of, 6–10

uses of, 10

virtualization. See Virtualization

Cloud consultants, 220–221

Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI), 92, 93f

Cloud economics, 260, 260f

Cloud elasticity, 11

Cloud Management Work Group (CMWG), 15

Cloud migration. See Migrating to cloud

Cloud-native applications, 293

Cloud provisioning, 198

Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), 147, 148f

Cloud service models, 7–10, 7t

Cloud sprawl, 198

Cloud Standards Customer Council (CSCC), 16

Cloud Standards Wiki, 15, 15f

CloudTimes, publishing, 322

CMM (Capability Maturity Model), 248, 248t

CMWG (Cloud Management Work Group), 15

COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology), 251, 252f

Coding, 291–299

browser, 296, 296f

cloud-native applications, 293

cloud solution, 292, 292f, 295

complexity of, 309–310

continuous deployment, 293

domain names, 294–295

function codes, 185

Google App Engine, 40–41, 40f, 41f

Hello, Cloud World!, 295, 295f

load testing, 293

open-source solutions, 293

overview, 291

PaaS providers, 296–297

serverless computing, 297, 297f

simple e-commerce solution, 294

Wix editor, 294, 294f

Cold storage, 92

Collaboration, 99–116

calendar management, 113–114, 114f

file sharing, 83, 105–109, 106–108f

instant messaging, 102–103, 102–103f

meetings, 27–28, 28f, 111, 111f

overview, 99–100, 100f

phone and fax systems, 103–105, 104–105f, 169, 234, 234f, 235t

presentations and lectures, 112, 112f

social media, 113

streaming media and video, 114–115

tools, 100

web-based, 101, 101f

web logs, 109–110, 110f

Colocation, 59, 59f, 161–162

Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), 250–251t

Community cloud, 6t, 7

Computer viruses, 163, 163f

Configuration management, 281

Containerization, 133

Content delivery networks (CDNs), 92

Continuous deployment, 293

Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT), 251, 252f

Corporate Auditing, Accountability, and Responsibility Act (2002), 254

Corporate governance, 246–252, 246f. See also Governance issues

COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations), 250–251t

Coupling, 185

cPanel interface, 46, 46f

CSA (Cloud Security Alliance), 147, 148f

CSCC (Cloud Standards Customer Council), 16

Customer relationship management (CRM), 24

D

Database as a Service (DBaas), 17

Database operations, 306–307

Database solutions, 89–91, 90–91f

Database system failures, 168–169, 168f

Data centers, 54–55, 54–56f, 268, 268f

Datadog cloud monitoring, 206, 206f

Datadog performance benchmark, 307, 307f

Data integration, 202

Data logging requirements, 307–308

Data privacy requirements, 203–205

Data protection, 219–220

Data redundancy, 56, 58f

Data storage, 79–95

backup systems (See Backups)

block storage, 92

cloud-based systems, 81–87, 160, 160f

content delivery networks, 92

database solutions, 89–91, 90–91f

file systems, 80, 81, 87–89, 88f

hot vs. cold storage, 92

industry-specific, 89, 89f

network storage, 80–81, 80–81f

off-site solutions, 28–29, 29f, 59, 159

overview, 79

virtualization, 120, 132–133, 132f

Data-storage wiping, 142–143, 143f

DBaas (Database as a Service), 17

DDos (Distributed denial-of-service) attacks, 143–144, 144f

Dedicated virtual servers, 62

Denial-of-service attacks, 143

Deployment models, 6–7, 6f, 6t

Deployment of applications, 223–224, 281

Designing solutions, 277–288

development environment, 278–279

overview, 277

process, 279–286

scalability, 303–308, 304f

system requirements, 278

team identification, 278

Desktop failures, 166

Desktop virtualization, 12, 12f, 120, 125–129, 126–129f

Development environment, 278–279

Device screens, 145

Diminishing returns, 308–309, 309f

Disaster recovery, 281

Disaster recovery as a service (DRaaS), 17, 162

Disaster recovery plan (DRP), 170–174

Disgruntled employees, 165

Disk failures, 158–160

Distributed denial-of-service (DDos) attacks, 143–144, 144f

Distributed Management Task Force Inc. (DMTF), 15, 201, 201f

Docker container, 132–133

Document management, 31–32, 31f, 32f

Document sharing, 107, 107f

Domain names, 294–295

Domain-name server (DNS), 57

DRaaS (Disaster recovery as a service), 17

Dropbox, file sharing and synchronization, 83

DRP (disaster recovery plan), 170–174. See also Security

Dumb terminals, 42

Dynatrace cloud monitoring, 310, 310f

E

EC2 (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud), 8

Economics, defined, 259. See also Business impact and economics

Economies of scale, 262–263

Ecosystem, 235–236

eFax, 104, 104f

Email, 239

Employees, disgruntled or malicious, 145–146, 165

Energy aware appliances, 323

Environmental concerns, 122, 282

Equipment losses, 165–166

European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA), 149, 149f

F

Facebook, 34

Fax systems, 103–105, 104–105f

Federated identity management (FIDM), 69–70

File backups. See Backups

File sharing, 83, 105–109, 106–108f

File systems, 61, 80, 81, 87–89, 88f

File transfer protocol (FTP), 44, 292, 292f, 296, 296f

Fire threats, 163–164

5G phone, 234–235

5 Rs, of cloud migration, 223

Flood threats, 164–165, 164f

4G phone, 234–235

framework, defined, 218

FTP (File transfer protocol), 44, 292, 292f, 296, 296f

Functional requirements, 278

Function codes, 185

Future of cloud computing, 315–325

Berkeley view of, 320

blockchain, 323–324

intelligent fabrics, 319–320

Internet of Things, 316, 316f

location-aware applications, 319

mobile applications, 323–324, 324f

operating systems, 318–319

overview, 315, 317–318f

smart devices, 323

social media, 321

television, 321, 321f

time to market and, 324

video games and augmented reality, 322, 322f

G

GAE (Google App Engine), 40–41, 40f, 41f

Ganglia Monitoring System, 303

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 203

Generation designations of cell phone technology, 235, 235t

Geolocation, 238–239, 240f

Global positioning system (GPS), 319

Gmail, 13

Goals and requirements of system, 217–218

GoDaddy, PaaS solution, 46, 46f

Google App Engine (GAE), 40–41, 40f, 41f

Google Calendar, 114, 114f

Google Cloud, 220, 220f

Google Cloud Platform (GCP), 13

Google Cloud Platform calculator, 265–266, 265f

Google Docs, 13, 107, 107f

Google voice phone system, 104, 105f

GoToMeeting, 112

Governance issues, 245–256

cloud computing and, 225, 254–255

corporate environment and, 246–252, 246f

information technology and, 253–255, 253f

overview, 245

web services and, 189

GPS (global positioning system), 319

Graphics-intensive applications, 133

Green computing, 122, 282

Grid computing, 14–16, 14f

Guest-hopping attacks, 146, 147f

H

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), 89

Halon systems, 164

Hardware requirements and virtualization, 133

Healthcare medical records systems, 89, 89f

Hello, Cloud World!, 295, 295f

Help desk procedures and solutions, 202, 222, 222f

Holograms, 322, 322f

Horizontal scaling, 303, 304f

Hot storage, 92

Hula, streaming content, 115

Human resources management, 26, 27

Hybrid cloud, 6t, 7

Hyperjacking attack, 146

Hypervisor, 125

Hypervisor attacks, 146, 146f

Hyper-V technology, Microsoft, 124–125, 128, 129f

I

IBSG (Internet Business Solutions Group), 321, 321f

iCloud, Apple, 2–3, 3f, 81–82, 82f

IDaaS (Identification as a Service), 17

Identification as a Service (IDaaS), 17, 67–75

mobile-identity management, 73–74

multifactor authentication, 70–72, 71f

OpenID, 72–73, 73f

overview, 67

single sign-on, 68–69f, 68–70

Identity theft, 74, 165

ID management as a service (IDaaS). See Identification as a Service (IDaaS)

IM (instant messaging), 102–103, 102–103f

Inadequate device resources, 74

Industry-specific data storage, 89, 89f

Information Systems Audit Control Association (ISACA), 251

Information technology, 42–45, 42–45f, 253–255, 253f

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), 208

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), 53–64

advantages of, 61

characteristics, 7t, 8, 9f

cloud-based NAS devices, 60–61, 61f

load balancing, 56–58, 57–58f

overview, 53–56, 54–56f

redundancy, 5, 59–60, 59–60f

server types, 62, 62f

Infrastructure as code (IaC), 198, 281

Instant messaging (IM), 102–103, 102–103f

Integrated development environment (IDE), 47

Intelligent fabrics, 319–320

Internal controls, 249, 249f

Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG), 321, 321f

Internet of Things (IoT), 316, 316f

Internet Protocol (IP) address, 295

Internet service providers (ISPs), 43–44, 43f

Interoperability, 186–188, 282

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs), 150

Iron Mountain, off-site tape vaulting, 159

ISACA (Information Systems Audit Control Association), 251

ISPs (Internet service providers), 43, 43f

IT governance, 253

ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library), 208

iTunes, 2

J

Jitterbit cloud integration, 202

K

Kayako, help desk solutions, 222, 222f

Key performance indicators, 268, 269–270t

L

Language, SAML, 70, 70f

Leveraging managed service solutions, 195–197, 196f

Load-balancing, 56–58, 57–58f , 302–303, 302f

Load testing, 207, 293

Local area network (LAN), 129, 130f

Location-aware applications, 319

Loosely coupled web services, 185

M

macOS, parallels desktop virtualization for, 126, 127f

Mainframe computers, 42, 42f

Maintainability, 282–283

Malicious employees, security and, 145–146

Managed service, 286

Managing the cloud, 193–209

argument, 195

"as-a-service" solutions, 195–197, 196f

backups. See Backups

capacity planning, 206–207, 280, 308

cloud provisioning, 198

data privacy requirements, 203–205

economics, 205–206

help-desk procedures, 202

ITIL, 208

logs and audit capabilities, 202

overview, 193

return on investment, 205–206, 224, 264–266

scaling capabilities, 185, 186f, 206–207, 303

security policies and procedures, 203

service-level agreements, 169–170, 194–195, 195f, 308

shared responsibility, 197–198

solution testing and validation, 207

source code-escrow agreement, 199, 200f

system backups, 200–201

system's dataflow, 197, 198f

technical support, 202

training procedures, 202–203

vendor lock-in, 199

Man-in-the-middle attacks, 74, 145, 145f

Marketing, 270, 270f

Markup languages, 70, 70f

Mashups, 29, 30f

McAfee Security, as a Service, 141–142, 141f

Mean time between failure (MTBF), 158–159

Media presentations, 112, 114–115

Meetings, 27–28, 28f, 111, 111f

Memory, 120, 121, 121f

Methods (remote-procedure calls), 182

MFA (Multifactor authentication), 70–72, 71f, 238, 239f

Microservices, 183

Microsoft Azure platform, 4–5, 5f

Microsoft Azure pricing calculator, 264, 264f

Microsoft Azure SQL, 91, 91f

Microsoft Cloud Adoption Framework, for Azure, 218, 218f

Microsoft Exchange, in Azure, 101

Microsoft Hyper-V technology, 124–125

Microsoft, impact of cloud computing, 319

Microsoft Office 365, 31–32, 31f, 32f, 107–108, 108f

Microsoft OneDrive, 83–85, 84–85f

Microsoft SharePoint Online, 108–109

Middleware, 282

Migrating to cloud, 215–226

application characteristics, 221

budget factors, 224, 283

change-management practices, 226

cloud bursting, 225, 225f

cloud consultants, 220–221

components of, 216–217

data protection, 219–220

deployment schedule, 223–224

formalizing criteria, 219

goals and requirements, 217–218

governance issues, 225, 254–255

help desk procedures and solutions, 222, 222f

overview, 215–216

reserved instances, 224

training requirements, 223

vendor lock-in, 221–222

working with vendors, 219

Migration to Google Cloud, 220, 220f

Mobile cloud, defined, 233

Mobile collaboration, 237, 237f

Mobile computing, 233–242

BYOD, 239

collaboration, 237, 237f

document storage and access, 238, 238f

ecosystem of, 235–236

evolution of, 234

future of, 323–324, 324f

4G and 5G, 234–235

geolocation, 238–239, 240f

mobile applications, 236–237, 237f

multifactor authentication, 238, 239f

native-mode applications, 236

overview, 233

software development considerations, 240–241

streaming video content, 240, 241f

Mobile-identity management, 73–74

Monitoring

device screens, 145

systems for, 303, 305–306, 306f

Moore's Law, 267

MTBF (mean time between failure), 158–159

Multifactor authentication (MFA), 70–72, 71f, 238, 239f

Multitenant solutions, 24–26, 25f

N

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 6, 6f

Native-mode applications, 236

Network-attached storage (NAS), 59, 60–61, 60f, 80–81, 81f, 166, 167f

Network failures, 167–168

Network storage, 80–81, 80–81f

Network virtualization, 120, 129–131, 130–131f

New Relic cloud-performance monitoring, 204–205, 205f

Nonfunctional requirements, 278

O

Object Management Group (OMG), 15–16, 16f

Office 365, Microsoft, 31–32, 31f, 32f

Off-site storage solutions, 28–29, 29f, 59, 159

Okta, IDaaS solution, 72–73

On-demand operating system, 127, 128f

OneDrive, Microsoft, 83–85, 84–85f

Online schools, SaaS solutions, 30–31, 30f

OpenID, 72–73, 73f

OpenSaaS solutions, 26–29

Open-source solutions, 293

Operating systems, future of, 318–319

Operational expenses (OPEX), 263–264

Oracle MySQL Cloud, 196

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 247, 247f

Outsourced server management, 5

P

Packet sniffing, 144, 144f

Paging and page files, 121

Parallels Desktop 4 Windows and Linux, 126, 127f

Pareto principle, 302

Password bank, IDaaS solution, 71–72

Payroll processing, 27

PC-based servers, 42–43, 43f

Performance benchmarks, 307, 307f

Performance, designing for, 283

Performance indicators (business), 268, 269–270t

Performance of web services, 183–185

Performance tuning, 309

Personal health information (PHI), 203

Personally identifiable data (PII), 203

Phishing, 74, 141

Phone systems, 103–105, 104–105f, 169, 234, 234f, 235t

Physical security, 149–151, 150f

Physical servers, 62

Pingdom site monitoring, 306, 306f

Platform as a Service (PaaS), 39–49

benefits of, 45

characteristics, 7t, 8, 8f

disadvantages of, 46

Google App Engine, 40–41, 40f, 41f

IT evolution leading to, 42–45, 42–45f

overview, 39–40

providers, 296–297

Platform, defined, 47

Point of diminishing returns, 308–309, 309f

Portability, 284

Power-aware appliances, 323

Power failures or disruptions, 160–162, 161–162f

Presentations and lectures, 112, 112f

Price, designing for, 283

Privacy requirements, 283–284

Private cloud, 6, 6t

Profit margin, 266–267

Provisioning, 70

Public cloud, 6, 6t

Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act, 253

R

Rackspace, IaaS solution, 60

Recovery, designing for, 284

Recovery point objective (RPO), 158, 201

Recovery time objective (RTO), 158, 201

Redundancy, 5, 59–60, 59–60f

Redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) disks (RAID), 159–160

Reliability, 7, 284

Reliable Adaptive Distributed Systems Laboratory, 320

Remote-procedure calls (methods), 182

Reserved instances, 224

Response time, 284–285

Responsive web application, 236

RESTful services, 188–189

Return on investment (ROI), 205–206, 224, 264–266

Right sizing, 267–268

RingCentral, cloud-based phone system, 170

Risk mitigation, 170, 171t. See also Threats

Robustness, 9, 285

80/20 rule (Pareto principle), 302

S

S3 (Amazon Simple Storage Service), 10

Salesforce.com, 10, 24, 25f, 113

SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language), 70, 70f

SANs (Storage area networks), 80, 80f

Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002), 253–254, 253f

Scalability, 5, 301–311

capacity planning vs., 308

complex coding and, 309–310

defined, 11, 11f

designing for, 303–308, 304f

diminishing returns and, 308–309, 309f

load-balancing, 302–303, 302f

overview, 301

Pareto principle, 302

performance tuning, 309

web services and, 185, 186f

Security, 139–152

advantages, 140

business continuity and disaster recovery, 142

data-storage wiping, 142–143, 143f

denial-of-service attacks, 143

designing for, 285

disadvantages, 140–141

guest-hopping attacks, 146, 147f

hypervisor attacks, 146, 146f

malicious employees and, 145–146

man-in-the-middle attacks, 145, 145f

monitoring device screens, 145

packet sniffing, 144, 144f

physical security, 149–151, 150f

policies and procedures, 203

product solutions, 141

SQL-injection attacks, 148

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), 70, 70f

Security hardening, 142

Self-service, 8

Serverless computing, 297, 297f

Servers. See also Load-balancing

blade servers, 44, 44f, 120, 122–123, 122–123f

failure of, 166–167, 167f

infrastructure as, 62, 62f

PC-based, 42–43, 43f

physical servers, 62

virtualization, 11, 12f, 120, 122–124f, 122–125

virtual servers, 62, 120

Service-level agreements (SLAs), 169–170, 194–195, 195f, 308

Service-oriented architecture (SOA), 29, 32–33, 33f, 182, 182f. See also Web services

Shared responsibility, 197–198

Shared virtual servers, 62

SharePoint, Microsoft, 108–109

Single sign-on (SSO), 68–69f, 68–70

Site evaluation systems, 304

Skype, VoIP messaging, 102, 103f

SLAs (service-level agreements), 169–170, 194–195, 195f, 308

Smart appliances, 323

Smart devices, 323

SNIA (Storage Networking Industry Association), 15, 16f

Social attacks, 74

Social media, 113, 321

Software as a Service (SaaS), 23–35

characteristics, 7–8, 7f, 7t

cloud-based backup systems, 86, 87f

multitenant nature of, 24–26, 25f

OpenSaaS solutions, 26–29

overview, 23–24

service-oriented architecture, 29, 32–33, 33f

Software-defined storage, 92

Solution testing and validation, 207

Source code, 292

Source code-escrow agreement, 199, 200f

Splunk, system monitoring using, 207

SQL Azure, 47, 47f, 91, 91f

SQL-injection attacks, 148

SSO (Single sign-on), 68–69f, 68–70

Standards organizations, 4, 4f, 15–16, 16f

Storage area networks (SANs), 80, 80f

Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA), 15, 16f, 92, 93f

Storage redundancy, 59–60, 59–60f

Streaming media and video, 114–115

Streaming video content, 240, 241f

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, 196–197, 197f

System redundancy, 59–60, 59–60f

System requirements, 278

System's dataflow, 197, 198f

T

Taleo, cloud-based talent management system, 26

Tape vaulting, 159

TCO (total cost of ownership), 260–262

Technical support, 202

Television

future applications, 321, 321f

streaming content, 114–115

Testability, 285

Testing, 207, 285

Thin operating system, 319

Threats, 158–169. See also Security

computer viruses, 163, 163f

database system failures, 168–169, 168f

desktop failures, 166

disgruntled employees, 165

disk failures, 158–160

equipment loss, 165–166

fire, 163–164

floods, 164–165, 164f

network failures, 167–168

overview, 158–159

phone system failures, 169

power failures or disruptions, 160–162, 161–162f

server failures, 166–167, 167f

Total cost of ownership (TCO), 260–262

Training, 223

Training procedures, 202–203

Treadway Commission, 250

Type 1 hypervisor, 125

Type 2 hypervisor, 125

U

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), 161, 161f

University of California, Berkeley, 14

UPS (Uninterruptible power supply), 161, 161f

Uptime software, 207

Usability, 286

V

Validation testing, 207

Vendor lock-in, 199, 221–222

Vertical scaling, 303

Video games, 322, 322f

Virtual desktop, 126

Virtualization, 119–135

blade servers, 120, 122–123, 122–123f

characteristics, 11–13, 12f

data storage, 120, 132–133, 132f

desktops, 12, 12f, 120, 125–129, 126–129f

hardware requirements and, 133

history of, 120, 121, 121f

networks, 120, 129–131, 130–131f

overview, 119–120

servers, 11, 12f, 120, 122–124f, 122–125

Virtual local area network (VLAN), 129

Virtual machine, 120

Virtual meetings, 27–28, 28f, 111, 111f

Virtual memory, 120, 121, 121f

Virtual networks, 120, 129–131, 130–131f

Virtual presentations, 112, 112f

Virtual private network (VPN), 120, 129–131, 130–131f, 130f

Virtual-server environment, 125

Virtual servers, 62, 120

Viruses, 163, 163f

antivirus software, 141–142, 141f

VMware, virtual-server environment, 125

Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), 102, 103f

VPN (virtual private network), 129–131, 130–131f

Vulnerability assessment, 151

W

War driving, 316

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) guidelines, 279

Web 2.0, 3–5, 3t, 4f

Web applications, vs. apps, 235–236, 236f

Web-based collaboration, 101, 101f

WebEx, SaaS solution, 27–28, 28f

Web logs (blogs), 109–110, 110f

WebPagetest, site evaluation system, 304–305, 304f

Web services

Amazon and, 9–10

as black box, 186

coupling and, 185

governance and, 189

interoperability, 186–188

overview, 182–183, 183f

performance, 183–185

RESTful services, 188–189

reuse and, 185

scaling, 185, 186f

SOA and, 32–33, 33f

Wiki, described, 105, 106f

Wikipedia, 105, 106f

Windows Azure, PaaS solution, 4–5, 47, 47f, 91, 91f

Windows VPN support, 130, 131f

Wix editor, 294, 294f

WordPress, 109, 110f

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) guidelines, 279

Y

YouTube, 114

Z

Zentation, virtual presentations, 112, 112f

Zoom virtual meetings, 111, 111f