A
accelerators 500
acid 499
acuity 7
additive color system 159
adjust film development 198, 199, 243, 255
adjust print contrast 243, 299
after-treatment, negative 204
agitation, film development 196
Airy disc 137
alternative processes 380
anatomy, human brain 8
anatomy, human eye 7
aperture accuracy 416
aperture values 491
archival framing 81
archival mounting 57
archival research 51
archival storage 167
archival testing 38, 46, 50, 202
artistic evolution 15
ASA film speed 215
average gradient 195, 213, 220, 436
average gradient meter 221, 518
average gradient table 517
B
backboard, print 58
backlight, studio 365
banding, digital 124
base 499
base+fog density 195, 215, 220, 296, 303
Bayer array 159
bellows extension 192
bellows extension target & ruler 520
binary system 464
bit depth, digital 162
brain, human 8
brightness range 114, 115, 213
brightness ratio, subject 114, 115
buffers 501
burning card 477
burning prints 33, 374, 378, 393, 477
C
C41 processing 247
C41 Zone System 246
Calgon 501
calibrating color enlarger 309
calibrating standard paper grades 302
Callier effect, coefficient 434
camera filter 190
camera flare 416
camera formats 409
camera lenses 412
cameras 409
camera shake 419
cascade washing 202
characteristic curves 110, 120, 195, 492
template, film 516
template, paper 514
chemical formulae 502
chemical safety 502
chemical shopping list 502
chemistry 498
China ink 78
chromogenic film 246
circle of confusion 133, 445, 509
cleanliness, darkroom 426
coin test, safelights 432
color
additive system 159
subtractive system 310
color conversion, digital 382
color enlarger, calibration 309
color sensitivity 7, 190, 429, 442, 486
combination toning 44
compounds 499
compression, digital 166
condenser enlarger 433
contact frame 455
contact printing 279, 483, 494
contraction development, film 197
contrast control 198, 239, 256, 263, 299, 309, 318, 324, 372, 398, 494
contrast control masks 263
contrast control nomograph 224
contrast filter 190, 191, 304, 309
contrast, local 239
contrast measurement 221, 302, 307
contrast, overall 239
contrast, paper & print 28, 302
contrast standards, paper 302
converging lines, darkroom 446
copy negative 282
copy-print process 282
corner-mounting 71
correction curves, digital 494
craft & creativity 11
crisscross method 501
critical focusing 145
cutting film holders 464
cyanotype 380
D
darkroom cleanliness 426
darkroom design 421
darkroom, dry side 425
darkroom easel 455
darkroom filter 304, 310, 429, 430
darkroom flashlight 457
darkroom focusing aid 443, 454
darkroom layout 422
darkroom lighting 424
darkroom, light proofing 422
darkroom, light-tight drawer 425
darkroom, light-traps 423
darkroom meter 452
darkroom, print evaluation 424, 425
darkroom, safelights 424
darkroom, safelight test 428, 432
darkroom sharpness 438
darkroom timer 452
darkroom torch 457
darkroom ventilation 423
darkroom, water temperature control 451
darkroom, wet side 425
decimal system 464
densitometer 452
density range 115, 196, 244, 296, 303
depth-of-field equations 134, 444
depth-of-field markings 354
depth-of-focus scale 136
deterioration, print 48
developer additives 500
developer aging 339
developer exhaustion 342
developer formulae 503
developer ingredients 500
developer temperature 342
developing agents 500
development agitation 196
development correction 255
development deviation 198, 199
development evaluation 253
development, film 194, 197, 214, 225
development temp compensation 197, 513
development temperature 196
development time 196
development variations 198, 199, 255, 340
dichroic filter, darkroom 310
differentiating print density 297
diffuse density & reflection 434
diffusion enlarger 433
digital banding 124
digital camera characteristic curve 112
digital camera histogram 161
digital camera resolution 172
digital camera sensor 158
digital color conversion 382
digital correction curves 494
digital dynamic range 164
digital histogram 161
digital image file formats 165
digital image gradation 124
digital monochrome 382
digital noise 160
digital photography 157
digital pinhole 153
digital posterization 124, 163
digital quality 170
digital resolution 171, 172, 174, 176, 177, 279
digital resolution limits 161, 176
digital resolution requirements 171, 174, 176, 177
digital sensitometry 112
digital sharpening 165
digital speed 160
digital storage 167
digital tonal control 161
digital tone reproduction cycle 119
digital transfer function 494, 527
digital unsharp mask 165
digital Zone System 107
diluting 501
direct toning 40
display lighting, print 296
Dmax, film 220
Dmin, film 220
dodge & burn prints 33, 243, 400
dpi, dots per inch 279
dry-down, print 347
drying film 204
drying prints 47
dry side, darkroom 425
dual-filter method, VC printing 311
E
easel, darkroom 455
edition size, print 92
effective film speed 216, 220, 222
electromagnetic spectrum 5
electronic flash 419
elements 498
emulsion 499
enlarger 309, 433, 444, 445, 510, 511
enlarger calibration 309
enlarger easel 455
enlarger filter 310
enlarger focusing 442
enlarger heads 433
enlarger height compensation 448, 511
enlarger light sources 433
enlarger magnification 510
enlarger meter 453
enlarger stability 438
enlarger timer 452
enlarger types 433
enlarging lens 441
equilibrium, washing 202
EV, exposure value 186
evolution, artist 15
expansion development, film 197
exposure 32, 161, 185, 187, 192, 233, 329, 336, 414, 448, 466, 468, 491, 511, 520, 525
exposure correction 192, 254, 315, 448, 520
exposure correction table 317
exposure deviation 228
exposure evaluation 253
exposure latitude 229
exposure masks 263
exposure meter 108, 190, 416, 468
exposure range, film 230
exposure range, negative 115
exposure range, paper 304, 515
exposure table, print 317
exposure timing 23, 186, 414, 492, 508
exposure value, EV 186
eye, human 6
F
factorial development 340
Farmer’s Reducer 205, 343, 505
FB, fiber-base paper 35
file compression, digital 166
file formats, digital 165
fill light, studio 365
film, average gradient 195, 213, 220, 436
film backs, dedicated 245, 395
film characteristic curve 111, 195, 516
film, chromogenic 246
film, contraction development 197
film contrast 195
film developer 503
film development 194, 197, 214, 225, 513
film development adjustment 197, 243, 255
film development evaluation 253
film development template 516, 518, 519
film development test 214, 216, 519
film, Dmin & Dmax 220
film drying 204
film, expansion development 197
film exposure 188, 216, 225, 231
film exposure correction 228, 254
film exposure evaluation 253
film exposure range 230
film fixer 504
film flatness, darkroom 439
film formats 411
film holder dimensions 146
film holder identification 463
film, infrared 369
film latitude 229
film overexposure 226
film, overexposure 231
film plane 134
film pre-exposure 233
film processing control 255
film processor 450
film reciprocity failure 187
film resolution requirement 133, 509
film scanner 175
film sensitivity 491
film, spectral sensitivity 190
film speed 208, 209, 215, 222, 250, 491
film speed point 213
film speed test 216
film stabilization 203
film storage 206
film thickness 146
film toning 200
film underdevelopment 227, 228
film underexposure 226
film, underexposure 231
filter, camera 190
filter, darkroom 304, 310, 429, 430
filter, dichroic 310
filter factors 191
filter numbers 304
fine-tuning print exposure & contrast 295
first usable density, IDmin 303, 429
fixed-contrast paper 28
fixer additives 500
fixer capacity, prints 39
fixer formulae 504
fixer ingredients 500
fixer, rapid 36
fixer strength 37
fixer test solution 505
fixing agents 500
fixing, optimum time 38
fixing prints 36
fixing process 37
fixing time, optimum 38
fixing time, prints 37
flare test 416
flash, electronic 419
flashlight, darkroom 457
flash triggering 419
flatbed scanner 176
focal-length assessment 413
focal plane 134
focus error 148
focus finder, darkroom 443, 454
focusing aid, darkroom 443, 454
focusing, enlarger 442
focus target 148
fogging prints 329
formulae, chemical 502
framing prints 81
framing techniques 84
Fresnel lens 147
f/stop, definition 491
f/stop timing 23
G
glass cleaning 84
glazing prints 82
gold toning 44
graded paper 28
gradient, negative 195, 213, 436
grain, film 159, 209, 210, 249
ground-glass position 146
gum print 381
H
halftone pattern 280
halftone printing 275
hardeners 500
height compensation, enlarger 448, 511
high-contrast scene 198, 236, 240, 372, 396, 402
high dynamic range, HDR 164
highlight contrast 195
highlight control, print 266, 270, 327, 332, 343, 347, 357, 378, 389, 477
highlight discrimination 297
highlight exposure, print 32
highlight gradient 195
histogram, digital 161
historic processes 380
human brain 8
human eye 6
human vision 6
human visual system 9
hybrid printing 275
hybrid scanner 176
I
identification, film holder 463
identification, negative 463, 482
illumination, enlarger 435
image contrast 139
image file formats, digital 165
image formation 150
image gradation 120
image gradation, digital 124
image identification 482
image paths 129
image permanence 50
imagesetter 278
incident light 186
incident lightmeter 417
India ink 78
indirect toning 40
infrared film 369
infrared radiation 6
inkjet characteristic curve 112
inkjet negative 288
inorganic compound 499
intensification, negative 205
inverse-square law 448
ISO film speed 215
ISO film standard 215
ISO paper grades 298, 303, 309, 515
K
key light, studio 365
kicker, studio lighting 365
L
large-format cameras 410
last usable density, IDmax 303, 429
latent image stability, paper 339
latitude, film 229
leaf shutter 415
lens aperture 491
lens, camera 412
lens diffraction 138
lens, enlarger 441
lens extension 191
lens flare 416
lens, focal length 413
lens, Fresnel 147
lens testing 132
life expectancy, media 167, 201
light, definition 6
lighting conditions, display 296
lighting, darkroom 424
lighting portraits 365
lighting shiny objects 362
lighting, studio 365
lighting, three-point 368
lightmeter 416
lightmeter flare 416
lightmeter, spectral sensitivity 190
lightmeter, zone dial 468
light painting 376
light proofing, darkroom 422
light-tight drawer, darkroom 425
light-traps, darkroom 423
light value, LV 187
litmus test 499
local contrast 239
logarithms 491
long-focus lenses 413
low-contrast scene 199, 241, 372, 396
lpi, lines per inch 279
luminance 186
LV, light value 187
M
magnification, camera 191
magnification, enlarger 445, 509, 510
masking 256, 263, 357, 398, 403
masking kit 458
matching monitor & print appearance 495
mat cutter 64
measuring contrast, negative 221
measuring contrast, paper 302, 307
media life expectancy 167, 201
medium-format cameras 410
midtone gradient 195
midtones 111
minimum viewing distance 132, 509
mixing chemicals 501
modulation transfer function, MTF 141
moiré 160
monitor matching 495
mount-board 58
mounting jig 65
mounting & matting 57
mounting styles 58
MTF 141
MTF, digital 175
MTF, measuring resolution & sharpness 172
MTF system performance 180
mural prints 444
N
negative after-treatment 204
negative average gradient 195, 213, 220, 436
negative carrier 439
negative characteristic curve 111, 195, 516
negative, chromogenic 246
negative density range 115, 196, 244
negative density table 116, 507
negative development 194, 197, 214, 216, 225, 519
negative, digital 275
negative exposure range 115
negative flatness, darkroom 439
negative formats 411
negative gradient 195, 213, 436
negative identification 463, 482
negative, inkjet 288
negative intensification 205
negative quality 17
negative reduction 205
negative, shadow control 235
negative spotting 76
negative stabilization 203
negative storage 206
negative toning 200
negative zones 114
noise, digital 160
non-image exposure 329
normal development, film 197
normal focal length 413
normal viewing distance 132
notching film holders 465
number sequences 491
O
oil print 381
optical center 63
optimal pinhole diameter 153
optimizing film speed & development 214
optimizing print exposure & contrast 295
optimum fixing time 38
organic compound 499
orthochromatic film 190
overall contrast 239
overdevelopment, film 227
overmat 58
oxid 499
P
painting with light 376
panchromatic film 190
panel of prints 90
paper aging 339
paper characteristic curve 111
paper contrast change 315
paper contrast loss 339
paper density range 115, 296, 303
paper developer 503
aging 339
exhaustion 342
temperature compensation 342
paper development template 514, 518
paper, fixed-contrast 28
paper fixer 504
paper flasher 456
paper flatness 442
paper, graded 28
paper-grade dial 523
paper grade meter 518
paper grades 29, 244, 298, 303, 309, 515
paper, latent image stability 339
paper negatives 483
paper processing 36
paper range 304
paper range meter 518
paper reciprocity failure 336
paper, spectral sensitivity 429, 442, 486
paper speed point 316
paper standard 296, 298, 303, 515
paper, variable-contrast 30, 245, 304
pen-lining easel 456
periodic table 498
permanence 50
perspective distortion, darkroom 445
pH 499
photographic chemistry 499
photographic printing 31
photographic quality 16
pinhole diameter 153
pinhole exposure 155
pinhole photography 149
pixel, digital 158
plastic glazing 83
point light source 435
polysulfide toning 40
portrait lighting 365, 374, 386
ppi, pixels per inch 279
pre-exposure, film 233
preservatives 500
pre-soak, film 200
print burning 33, 374, 379, 393, 477
print contrast 28, 32, 295, 299
print density differentiation 297
print density discrimination 297
print density range 115, 296, 303
print deterioration 48
print developer 503
print development 35
print display lighting 296
print dodging 33
print dry-down 347
print drying 47
print easel 455
print edition size 92
printer resolution 177
print evaluation 296, 424, 425
print exhibition 90
print exhibition lighting 296
print exposure table 317
print exposure timing 23
print fixer 504
print fixing 36
print flatness 442
print fogging 329
print framing 81
print glazing 82
print highlights 32
print illumination 296
printing basics 31
printing frame 455
print, latent image stability 339
print magnification 445, 509, 510
print manipulation 374
print & monitor matching 495
print mounting & matting 57
print orientation 63
print panel 90
print permanence 50
print processing 36
print processor 450
print protection 81
print shadow control 32, 263, 326
print spotting 76
print stabilization 47
print storage 49
print toning 39
print viewing 296
print viewing distance 132, 509
print washer 451
print washing 45
print zones 114
process control 255
processing chemicals 502
processing, film 194
processing, print 36
process timer, darkroom 452
Q
quality 16, 139, 170, 225, 231
quality control 251
R
rapid fixer 36
Rayleigh criterion 137
RC, resin-coated paper 35
reduction, negative 205
reduction, print 343
reflected light 186
reflected lightmeter 416
reflection density table 507
reflection step tablet 306
reflective objects, lighting 362
rendering intent 495
reproduction 103
reproduction cycle 117
residual thiosulfate limits 45, 201
resolution, digital 171, 174, 177, 279
resolution, digital camera 176
resolution equations 180
resolution, halftone 280
resolution, lens test 132
resolution limits 138
resolution limits, digital 161, 176
resolution, MTF measurements 172
resolution, printer 177
resolution requirements, digital 171, 174, 176, 177
resolution requirements, film 133, 509
resolution, sensor 172
resolution, system performance 180
resolution target 132
restrainers 500
rim light, studio 365
S
safelights 424
salt 499
scanners 175
Scheimpflug principle 445
seawater 501
selenium toning 42
sensitometry 110
sensor resolution, digital 172
shadow contrast 195
shadow control, negative 235
shadow control, print 32, 263, 326
shadow discrimination 297
shadow gradient 195
sharpness 131, 139, 140, 143, 208, 209, 256, 437, 438
shopping list, chemicals 502
shoulder, film & paper 111, 120, 195
shutter 412
shutter accuracy 414
shutter speed 491
silver estimator 39
silver stabilizer 47
single-filter method, VC printing 311
slot processor 451
SLR, single-lens reflex camera 410
small-format cameras 410
solarization 111
spectral sensitivity, camera filter 190
spectral sensitivity, darkroom filter 429
spectral sensitivity, film 190
spectral sensitivity, human eye 7, 190
spectral sensitivity, lightmeter 190
spectral sensitivity, paper 429, 442, 486
specular density & reflection 434
speed point, film 213
speed point, paper 316
spi, samples per inch 279
split-grade printing 318, 324, 359
split toning 44
spotmeter 416
spotting 76
standard density table 507
standard paper grades 515
stop, definition 491
studio lighting 365
subject brightness range 114, 115, 213
subject brightness range table 517
subject magnification 191
subject zones 114
subtractive color system 310
sulfide toning 40
system performance, optical 180
T
tables & templates 506
tacking iron 64
telephoto lenses 413
temperature compensation
print development 342
temperature control, darkroom 451
temperature conversion 512
test strip 24, 218, 306, 316, 473, 474
test strip printer 472
test target, exposure 192, 520
test target, focusing 148
test target, magnification 192, 520
test target, resolution 132
test target, Zone System 252
three-point lighting 368
timer, darkroom 452
timing exposure 23, 186, 414, 492, 508
toe, film & paper 111, 120, 195
tonal discrimination 297
tonal reproduction, digital 119
tone reproduction 103, 113, 115
tone reproduction cycle 117
tone reproduction, digital 161, 494
tone visualization 106
toning, color change 41
toning film 200
toning prints 39
torch, darkroom 457
transfer function 277, 285, 494, 527
transmission density 493
transmission density table 507
transmission step tablet 306
tripods 417
two-bath fixing 36
U
ultraviolet radiation 6
underdevelopment, film 227
unsharp masking kit 458
USAF/1951 test pattern 132
V
VC, variable-contrast filter 304, 310
VC, variable-contrast paper 30, 245, 304
ventilation, darkroom 423
vibration, enlarger 438
view camera, depth-of-focus scale 136
view camera, exposure target 192
view camera, film-holder identification 463
view camera, focusing 146
view camera, Fresnel lens 147
view camera, ground glass 146
view camera, portraits 386
viewing distance, prints 132, 509
viewing prints 296
visual acuity 7
W
warm-tone developer 503
washer, prints 451
washing test, prints 46
water temperature control 451
wet side, darkroom 425
wide-angle lenses 413
Wratten 8, 11, 15, 25 filter 191
Wratten 47b & 58 filter 304, 319
Z
zone density table 507
zone placement 106
zone reproduction 114
zone ruler 466
Zone System 105
Zone System boundaries 212
Zone System, C41 246
Zone System, dedicated film backs 245, 395
Zone System development 197
Zone System, digital 107
Zone System, high-contrast scene 198, 240
Zone System, low-contrast scene 199, 241
Zone System metering 108
Zone System, pictorial range 105, 115
Zone System, pinhole dial 156, 525
Zone System placement 394
Zone System, ruler 466
Zone System standard 211, 213, 220
Zone System, standard values 116, 507
Zone System target 252
Zone System testing 214
Zone System, textural range 105, 115
Zone System, tone reproduction 114