The SQL engine converts the IN operator to a series of ________.
Answer: The SQL engine converts the IN operator to a series of OR operations.
Rewrite the following WHERE clause to be case insensitive.
where job_title like '%Manager%';
Answer: Use the UPPER function to convert the job title to uppercase:
where UPPER(job_title) like '%MANAGER%';
Identify the two special characters used with the LIKE operator and describe what they do.
Answer: The % character matches zero or more characters, and the _ character matches exactly one character.
Name two aggregate functions that work only on numeric columns or expressions and two other aggregate functions that work on numeric, character, and date columns.
Answer: AVG and SUM work only on numeric columns; MIN and MAX work on all datatypes.
Put the clauses of a SQL SELECT statement in the order in which they are processed.
Answer: The proper order is SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY.
Which operator can do valid comparisons to columns with NULL values?
Answer: The operator is IS NULL.
Where do NULL values end up in a sort operation?
Answer: For ascending sorts, the NULL values are at the end; for descending sorts, the NULL values are at the beginning.