Apache containers | Sections within the Apache Web server configuration files. |
Apache modules | Add-ons for the Apache Web server. |
Attributes | The properties of a file, such as size, modification date, ownership, and permissions. |
Binary package | Group of files in compiled format that has been designed to work on the appropriate Linux distribution. |
Child process | Process spawned from a parent process. Each parent can have many child processes. |
Class (of printer) | Group of printers linked together so they can act as one. |
Command Line Interpreter or Command Line Interface (CLI) | A full-screen or windowed text-mode session where the user executes programs by typing in commands with or without parameters. |
Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) | The standards-based, open source printing system. |
Dependencies | Packages required to be installed when another package is installed. |
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) | A protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP. |
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) | Type of access control where system privileges are specified by the owner of an object, who can apply, modify, or remove them at will. |
DNS server, authoritative | A DNS server that gives the definitive answer to a DNS query, and not a cached answer from another server. |
Domain Master Browser (DMB) | The domain master server within an individual samba workgroup. |
Exit value | Shows the exit status of the shell and commands. |
Firewall | Security device to segregate networks. |
Forwarding or tunnelling | One network protocol encapsulating a different protocol. |
FTP server, active mode | FTP client uses the PORT command. |
FTP server, anonymous server | An FTP server in which users do not need an account on the server. |
FTP server, passive mode | FTP client uses the PASV command. |
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) | Complete definition of a host, such as host.test.com. |
Grand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) | Bootloader used on most modern versions of the Linux operating system. |
Group Identification number (GID) | Identification number of a Linux group. |
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) | Abstraction layer between hardware and the software in a computer. |
Hostname | Name of the specific host. |
Immutable | Files that cannot be deleted, even by root. |
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) | An e-mail protocol that allows users to receive using an IMAP e-mail client, where all e-mail, folders, and so on are stored on the server, rather than on the client's local computer. |
Inode | A data structure holding information about files in a Unix file system. |
Iostat | Program to report statistics regarding the I/O system. |
Journaling | Journaling filesystems keep a record of changes and allows for faster restart after an unexpected system shutdown. |
Kernel | The core operational code of an operating system. |
Lease | Temporary assignment of an IP address to a host by a DHCP server. |
Least privilege | Runs programs with as few privileges as possible. |
libraries | Groups of files. |
Linux distribution | A particular version of Linux, such as OpenSUSE, Red Har, and so on. |
Load average | The average loading of the system over a period of time. |
Local Master Browser (LMB) | Master browser on a subnet. |
Logical partition | Subpartition of a primary partition. |
Makefile | Describes the dependencies between files. |
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) | A type of access control where system privileges are specified by the system. |
Master Boot Record (MBR) | Holds the partition table of the disk and can contain executable code. |
Metadata | Data about data. |
Mode | Permission on a file. |
Mail Transport Agent (MTA) | A program responsible for delivering e-mail messages. |
Network Time Protocol (NTP) | The TCP/IP protocol used to synchronize the clocks on computers across a network. |
Package manager | Collection of tools to automate the installing, upgrading, and configuring of software packages. |
Packages | Collection of files, either in binary or source form. |
Parent process | The process that spawned (started) a new process. |
Post Office Protocol (POP) | An application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote server. |
Privilege Escalation | Process to escalate your privileges to that of an administrator. |
Redirection | Redirects IO from or to a different device. |
Regular Expression (regex) | A recognized method for describing a search pattern. |
Relay | Method of forwarding e-mail on. |
Residual data | Small parts of a disk that have obsolete data. |
Root | Often called superuser or administrator. |
Runlevel | A specialized script that starts a different set of services. |
Samba | An open source suite of programs that provides file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients and allows for interoperability between Linux/Unix servers and Windows-based clients. |
Server Message Block (SMB) | Protocol that can be used to interface linux and windows systems. |
ServerRoot | In Samba, location where other files can be made relative to. |
Shadow password | Encrypted password file. |
Software repositories | Locations where different software packages are held. |
Source package | Collection of files that need to be compiled. |
Stanza | Section of a Samba configuration file. |
Sticky bit | Programs run with the permissions of the owner of the file and not that of the user who runs the program. |
Stream editor | Noninteractive editor. |
Syslog | Utility for logging system messages. |
Terminal | A utility that can be run to input commands into. |
User ID (UID) | A numeric identifier that represents a user. |
Window Manager | A program or suite of software that controls the placement and appearance of windows within a windowing system in a GUI. |
X Window System (or simply, X) | An open source suite of software (including a network protocol) that implements the X display protocol, provides windowing and manages keyboard and mouse functions to provide a GUI for networked computers. |