access, 75
actions
moral justification for, 114
adaptation to change, 119
adaptive work, 13–20, 30, 33. See also technical work
accepting casualties during, 98–100
acknowledging loss as part of, 92–95
on an individual level, 185–186
distinguishing from technical, 55–62
problems of, 200
providing context for, 104
versus technical, 108
Albom, Mitch, 220
alienation of constituents, 78
allies/alliances, 152. See also partners/partnerships
confusing confidants with, 199–204
knowing others’, 84
versus lone warrior strategy, 199
Amir, Yigal, 193
apologizing, 77
Aristotle, 234
assumptions, challenging, 114
attacks. See also terrorism
personal, 40–45, 188–189, 191–192
attention, 148, 154–159. See also focus
authority
compared to leadership, 25
gaining, 123
loss of benefits of, 187
restoring order using, 113
balcony metaphor, 53, 65–67, 135, 165
Bennis, Warren, 40
betrayal, 31
Bork, Robert, 43
Bratton, William, 24
Briggs, Walter, 214
capacity for reflection, 51
challenges
of leadership, 102
Chandler, Otis, 134
change
adaptation to, 119
mobilizing, 13
to norms, 231
respecting pain of, 146
sweeping, 117
willingness for, 92
character attacks, 43
Cheney, Dick, 42
civil rights movement, 26, 28, 38, 93, 147–148. See also King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Clinton, Bill
going beyond boundaries by, 191
health care and, 148
health care reforms by, 117
physical condition of, 164
reelection of, 119
Clinton, Hillary, 43
clues, reading authority figures for, 67–74
Clymer, Adam, 42
collusion
with attackers, 45
with marginalizers, 35
unconscious, 172
composure, keeping your, 44
confidants versus allies, 199–204
conflicts
controlling the temperature of, 107–116
creating a holding environment for, 102–107
persistence of, 61
personality, 124
placing at right location, 128–129
showing the future for, 120–122
types of, 101
“constituency problem,” 47
“Contract with America,” 118–119
controlling the temperature, 107–116
corporate culture
diversity as mission of, 32–35
recognition of change by, 151–152
Coughlin, Father, 111
creating a holding environment, 102–107
gaining, 123
loss of, 153
crises
as indicator of adaptive issues, 61
shifting attention during, 148–149
urgency generated by, 151
Daley, Richard, 138
defending against attacks, 192
defense mechanisms, 45
demagogues, collusion with the grandiosity of, 172
denial, 154
dependency, fostering, 174
devaluation by “invisibility,” 52
Diallo, Amadou, 25
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), 174
disappointing your supporters, 46
distress, experiencing, 227–228
diverting attention, 38–40, 44
doctors as leaders, 12
effectiveness, loss of, 48
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 73, 118
embodying the issue, 37, 196, 197
emotional realities, 111–112, 116–117, 166. See also hungers
employees, showing the future to, 121–122
equilibrium, attempts to restore, 153–154
ethical issues, of pacing work, 119
exhaustion, 164
externalizing issues, 127
Flight 93 heroism, 168. See also September 11, 2001, attacks
focus. See also attention
on authority figures, 68
derailing your, 45
loss of, 38
form, unimportance of, 218–223
Gates, Bill, 174
Gergen, David, 164
Gerstner, Lou, 23
Good Friday peace agreement, 46
Gore, Al, 113
Grossman, David, 21–23, 157, 209
Haiman, Bob, 97
Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), U.S. Department of, 32–37
heat. See taking the heat
Heschel, Abraham Joshua, 234
hierarchical structures, 3
holding environments, creating, 102–107
honesty with yourself, 234
Hoover, Herbert, 213
hostility, 88
hubris, 171
hungers
for affirmation and importance, 169–176
for intimacy and sexual pleasure, 176–183
for power and control, 166–169
Hussein, Saddam, 61
Iacocca, Lee, 98
“I Have a Dream” speech, 121, 159. See also civil rights movement; King, Martin Luther, Jr.
illusions, sustaining, 169
importance, need for a sense of, 169–176
information, withholding, 119
insatiability, 176
inspiration versus fear, 118–119
interpretations, 57, 66, 136–137
interventions, 134–139, 158–159
invulnerability, 87
Iran-Contra affair, 25
issues
avoidance/denial of, 154
crises as indicator of adaptive, 61
cultural, 60
ethical, 119
externalizing/internalizing, 127
physical stress, 164
political, 168
Johnson, Lyndon, 37, 138, 148, 153
Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 171
Kegan, Robert, 234
King, Martin Luther, Jr. See also civil rights movement
agenda of, 38
assassination of, 193
“I Have a Dream” speech, 121
message sent by, 138
seizing of the moment by, 149
King Lear (Shakespeare), 218
Kissinger, Henry, 181
Kohnstamm, Abby, 23
Landrey, Wilbur, 97
Laurie, Donald, 103
leadership
compared to authority, 25
exercising without authority, 153
myth of measurement and, 212–218
opportunities for, 236
Leadership Without Easy Answers (Heifetz), 5
Lieberman, Joseph, 198
limits of relationships, 103
line of fire, 132–134. See also taking the heat
lone warrior strategy, 199
losing heart, 226
loss
of authority, 187
Louima, Abner, 24
maintaining innocence, 231–232
Marcos, Ferdinand, 173
McNamara, Robert, 37
meetings, style of, 106
messages, failing to hear, 66–67
metaphor
musical, 165
military, control in, 168
minimizing opposition, 142
missing the real concerns, 63–64
mistakes
letting your guard down, 202–203
reversing, 174
taking responsibility for, 90–92
modeling behavior, 95–98, 108–109
momentum, sustaining, 119
moral authority, 146
moral justification for actions, 114
Muskie, Edmund, attacks on wife of, 45
Nagel, Ernst, 213
needs, 172, 177. See also hungers
Netanyahu, Benyamin, 11
neutralizing your message, 40–41
Nixon, Richard, 43, 138, 149–150
North, Oliver, 25
observations, 52, 72–73, 135–136
observing from the balcony, 53–55, 64–67, 135, 165
O’Doherty, Hugh, 208
Odysseus, 179
Olsen, Ken, 174
O’Neill, Tip, 45
opportunities for leadership, 1–2
Parks, Rosa, 26
partners/partnerships, 75–84. See also allies/alliances
Patrick, John, 22, 23, 157, 209
Pentagon attack. See September 11, 2001, attacks
perseverance, 20
persistence of conflict, 61
personal attacks, 40–45, 188–189, 191–192
personality conflicts, 124
physical stress issues, 164
accepting casualties and, 98–100
accepting responsibility and, 90–92
acknowledging losses of others and, 92–95
keeping the opposition close and, 85–90
Powell, Pete, 173
presidential election of 2000, U.S., 113
problems
accepting responsibility for, 90–92
of adaptive work, 200
“constituency problem,” 47
of cooperation, 34
technical solutions for adaptive, 131
promotions, as diversions, 39
psychological needs. See hungers
psychological readiness, 146
purpose, having, 222
Rabin, Yitzhak, 11, 42, 193–194, 209
reflection, capacity for, 51
relationships. See also partners/partnerships
with allies and opponents, 89–90
limits of, 103
personal, 75
protecting, 203
sharing within, 84
repression, 113
to adaptive work, 31
respect for pain of change, 146
responsibility
for mistakes, 97
retirement, 222
Richardson, Elliot, 131
risks
of drawing attention, 157
of leadership, 3
to life, 194
Robinson, Tony, 173
roles
becoming wedded to, 219
defense/protection of, 193–194
ending of, 195
playing your, 190
“special person,” 36
role-self distinction, 187–199, 219–220. See also anchors
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 110–112, 135
Sadat, Anwar, 42
safeguarding leadership, 64–65
Sanchez, Ricardo, 121–122, 128–129
Schachter-Shalomi, Zalman, 228–229
Schlesinger, Arthur, 112
Seduction of Joe Tynan, The (film), 188
self-definitions, 27, 129–130, 180
self-knowledge, 164
self-protection, 222
September 11, 2001, attacks, 19–20, 94–95, 151, 168. See also terrorism
sexual dynamics, 181
solutions, 207
destructive, 230
internalizing issues, 127
technical, for adaptive problems, 131
“special person” role, 36
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 189, 190, 191
controlling the temperature and, 107–116
physical, 164
subordinate, seeing oneself as, 28
success, as downfall, 174
taking the heat, 141–146. See also line of fire
technical work
challenges of, 33
distinguishing from adaptive, 55–62
temperature, controlling the, 107–116
temptations, managing, 180–181
tension, controlling, 109
terrorism, 151, 208. See also assassinations
September 11, 2001, attacks, 19–20, 94–95, 151, 168
thinking politically, 75
Thomas, Clarence, 43
transitions of authority, 35–36
Tuesdays with Morrie (Albom), 220
Twelve Angry Men (film), 114–116, 142
unconscious collusion, 172
Unconscious Conspiracy, 40
undermining of authority, 35–36
U.S. Post Office strike, 149–150
U.S. presidential elections, 113
values
choosing, 30
sources of our, 29
transcendent, 109
verbal attacks, 42
vulnerabilities. See also hungers
personal, 119
women
work
placing where it belongs, 127–134
World Trade Center attacks. See September 11, 2001, attacks; terrorism
zealots, 170
Zone of Insatiability, 176