As with lists dictionary copying is shallow by default, copying only the references to the key and value objects, not the objects themselves. There are two means of copying a dictionary, of which we most commonly see the second. The first technique is to use the copy() method:

>>> d = dict(goldenrod=0xDAA520, indigo=0x4B0082, seashell=0xFFF5EE)
>>> e = d.copy()
>>> e
{'indigo': 4915330, 'goldenrod': 14329120, 'seashell': 16774638}

The second is simply to pass an existing dictionary to the dict() constructor:

>>> f = dict(e)
>>> f
{'indigo': 4915330, 'seashell': 16774638, 'goldenrod': 14329120}