Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction to IP Multicast

What Problem Does Multicast Solve?

Multicast Applications and Services

One-to-Many Multicast Applications

Many-to-Many Multicast Applications

Many-to-One Multicast Applications

Multicast Packet

What Is a Source?

What Is a Receiver?

L3 Multicast Is Built on the TCP/IP Protocol Stack

It’s a Group Thing

IPv4 Layer 3 Multicast Addressing Defines Groups

IPv4 Multicast Group Address Assignments

Important Multicast Groups and Group Considerations

IPv4 Local Network Control

IPv4 Inter-Network Control

The History of Multicast

The MBone

Native Internet Multicast

IPv6 Multicast

Multicast Development and Standardization

Summary

Chapter 2 Network Access and Layer 2 Multicast

Layered Encapsulation

MAC Address Mapping

Switching Multicast Frames

Group Subscription

IGMP on the Gateway Router

IGMP Versions

IGMPv1

IGMPv2

IGMPv3

Configuring IGMP on a Router

Mixed Groups: Interoperability Between IGMPv1, v2, and v3

Layer 2 Group Management

Cisco Group Management Protocol

The CGMP Leave Process

Router-Port Group Management Protocol

Snooping

IGMP Snooping

Maintaining Group Membership

Configuring IP IGMP Snooping

The Process of Packet Replication in a Switch

Protecting Layer 2

Storm Control

Summary

References

Chapter 3 IP Multicast at Layer 3

Multicast Hosts

Networked Groups: Client/Server

Network Hosts

Multicast Routing: An Introduction to Protocol Independent Multicast and Multicast Trees

Seeing the Forest Through the Trees

What Is a Network Tree?

Concepts of PIM Group States

The (*,G) State Entry

The (S,G) State Entry

Reverse Path Forwarding

Two Types of Trees

Source Trees (Shortest Path Trees)

Shared Trees

Branches on a Tree

PIM Neighbors

Designated Routers

PIM Messages: Join, Leave, Prune, Graft, and Assert

Join

Leave and Prune

Graft

Assert

PIM Modes

PIM Dense-Mode

PIM Sparse-Mode

PIM Sparse-Dense Mode

Multicast Flow at the Leaf

Leaving an IGMP Group

The Rendezvous Point and Shared Tree Dynamics

From a Shared Tree to a Source Tree

Building the Multicast Routing Information Base

Multicast Routing Information Base and Multicast Forwarding Information Base

PIM-BiDir

PIM-SSM

Summary

Chapter 4 Protocol Independent Multicast

RP Overview

IP Multicast Domains

Basic PIM Configuration

Static RP

PIM Dense Mode

Dynamic RP Information Propagation

Auto RP

Sample Configuration: Auto-RP for IOS

Sample Configuration: Auto-RP for IOS-XR

Sample Configuration: Auto-RP for NX-OS

BSR

Sample Configuration: BSR in IOS

Sample Configuration: BSR in IOS-XR

Sample Configuration: BSR in NX-OS

Anycast RP

Multicast Source Discovery Protocol

PIM Anycast RP

Sample Configuration: Anycast RP with MSDP on IOS

Sample Configuration: Anycast with MSDP on IOS-XR

Sample Configuration: Anycast on NX-OS

Phantom RP

Sample Configuration—Phantom RP on IOS

PIM SSM Configuration

Summary

Chapter 5 IP Multicast Design Considerations and Implementation

Multicast Group Scoping

Organizational and Global Group Assignment Considerations

IPv4 Considerations

Using Group Scoping for Hybrid Designs and RP Placement

Multicast RP Design with MSDP Mesh Group

Multicast RP Hybrid Design with Scoped Multicast Domains

RP Placement

Multicast Traffic Engineering and Forwarding

More on mRIB, mFIB, and RPF Checks

Traffic Engineering Using IP Multipath Feature

Multicast Traffic Engineering: Deterministic Path Selection

IP Multicast Best Practices and Security

Before Enabling PIM

General Best Practices

Tuning the Network for Multicast

Manually Selecting Designated Routers

Basic Multicast Security

Protecting Multicast Control-plane and Data-plane Resources

Securing Multicast Domains with Boundaries and Borders

Protecting Multicast RPs

Best Practice and Security Summary

Putting It All Together

Scenario: Multicaster’s Bank Corp. Media Services

Summary

Chapter 6 IPv6 Multicast Networks

IPv6 Fundamentals: A Quick Overview

IPv6 Layer 3 Multicast Group Addressing

IPv6 Multicast Group Address Assignments

IANA Unicast-Prefix–Based Multicast Address

IPv6 Source-Specific Addressing

Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses

IPv6 Address Scoping and Schema Considerations

Multicast-IPv6-Address-to-MAC-Address Mapping

IPv6 Layer 2 and Layer 3 Multicast

Multicast Listener Discovery for IPv6

MLDv1

MLDv2

Configuring MLD and the MLD Message Process

Multicast Listener Discovery Joining a Group and Forwarding Traffic

Leaving a MLD Group

Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping

Configuring MLD Snooping

IPv6 Layer 3 Multicast and Protocol Independent Multicast 6 (PIM6)

PIM6 Static mroute Entries

PIM6 Group Modes

Summary

Chapter 7 Operating and Troubleshooting IP Multicast Networks

Multicast Troubleshooting Logic

Multicast Troubleshooting Methodology

Baseline Check: Source and Receiver Verification

State Verification

RP Control-Plane Check

Hop-by-Hop State Validation

Overview of Common Tools for Multicast Troubleshooting

Ping Test

SLA Test

Common Multicast Debug Commands

debug ip mpacket Command

debug ip pim Command

debug ip igmp Command

Multicast Troubleshooting

Multicast Troubleshooting Case Study

Baseline Check: Source and Receiver Verification

Important Multicast show Commands

show ip igmp group Command

show ip igmp interface/show igmp interface Commands

show ip mroute/show mrib route Command

show ip pim interface/show pim interface Commands

show ip pim neighbor/show pim neighbor Commands

show ip pim rp Command

show ip pim rp mapping/show pim rp mapping Commands

Summary

Index

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