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by Walter Glenn, Bill English
Microsoft® Exchange Server 2003 Administrator's Companion
Microsoft® Exchange Server 2003 Administrator’s Companion
A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Overview of Contents
Part I: Introduction
Part II: Planning
Part III: Deployment
Part IV: Upgrading and Migrating
Part V: Clients
Part VI: Functionality
Part VII: Security
Part VIII: Maintenance
Overview of Conventions
Talk to Us
I. Introduction
1. Introducing Exchange Server 2003
What Is Exchange Server?
Versions of Exchange Server 2003
Exchange Server 2003 Standard
Exchange Server 2003 Enterprise
Basic Concepts
Messaging Systems
Shared-File Systems
Client/Server Systems
The Organization of an Exchange Environment
Administrative Groups
Routing Groups
Policies
Servers
Recipients
Mailboxes
Distribution Groups
Contacts
Address Lists
Connectors
Exchange Server Storage
Mailbox Store
Public Folder Store
Exchange Server Services
Information Store
Routing Engine
System Attendant
New Features in Exchange Server 2003
Deployment Tools
Active Directory Connector Tools
Security
Cross-Forest Authentication
Outlook 2003
Outlook Web Access
Wireless Access
Mailbox Recovery Center
New Mail-Enabled Objects
Volume Shadow Copy Backup
Recovery Storage Group
Internet Mail Wizard
Summary
2. Understanding Exchange Server Storage Architecture
Storage Design Goals in Exchange Server 2003
Database File Structure
Rich Text File
On-Demand Content Conversion
Native Content File
How Streaming Works
Single-Instance Message Store
Storage Groups and Multiple Databases
Data Recovery and Transaction Logs
The Extensible Storage Engine
How ESE Works
How Data Is Stored
Database Files
ESE and Memory Management
Transaction Log Files
How Log Files Are Replayed During Recovery
Checkpoint File
How Log Entries Are Written to the Database
Installable File System
The Web Folder Client
Public Folders
Multiple Public Folder Trees
Client Access to Exchange 2003 Stores
Indexing
The Indexing Process
Updating the Index
Search Architecture
Gather Files
Moving the Index When It Gets Too Big
Front-End/Back-End Servers
Summary
3. Understanding Exchange Server Routing Architecture
Routing Groups
Routing Groups and Public Folders
Overview of the Transport Architecture
Message Routing Within the Same Server
Message Routing Within the Same Routing Group
Message Routing to Other Routing Groups
Message Routing to Foreign E-Mail Systems
Routing Group Topologies
Link State Information
Link State Algorithm
Link State Concepts
How Link State Information Works
Failure of a Single Link
Failure of Multiple Links
Unchanging Link State
Oscillating Link State Information
Failure of a Routing Group Master
Summary
4. Understanding Windows Server 2003 Integration
Brief Overview of Active Directory
Directory Structure in Active Directory
Logical Structure of Active Directory
Domains
Schema Master
Domain Naming Master
Relative Identifier Master
PDC Emulator
Infrastructure Master
Organizational Units
Trees and Forests
Groups
Global Groups
Domain Local Groups
Universal Groups
Other Active Directory Components
Naming Partitions
Sites
Location Service Providers
Global Catalog Servers
Client Authentication
Active Directory Names
Distinguished Name
Relative Distinguished Name
User Principal Name
Globally Unique Identifier
Exchange Server 2003 and Active Directory
Storing Exchange 2003 Data in Active Directory
Domain Naming Partition
Designing a Group Implementation Strategy
Configuration Naming Partition
Schema Naming Partition
Generating E-Mail Addresses
Exchange Server 2003 and Forest Boundaries
Integration with Global Catalog Servers
DSProxy
DSAccess
Configuration Partition and Directory Data
Address Book Views
Integration with Internet Information Services 6.0
Simple Mail Transport Protocol
DNS Configuration
Summary
II. Planning
5. Assessing Needs
Defining User Needs
Messaging
Public Folders
Connections to Other Systems
Remote Access
Custom Applications
Training and Support Services
Assessing Current Resources
Defining Your Geographic Profile
Defining Your Software Environment
Defining Your Network Topology
Defining Your Active Directory Model
Putting the Diagrams Together
Defining Administrative Needs
Summary
6. Planning for Development
Planning the Organization
Establishing a Naming Convention
Organization Names
Routing Group Names
Server Names
Recipient Names
Defining Routing Groups
Geographic Considerations
Network Considerations
Planning Routing Group Connectors
Routing Group Connector
SMTP Connector
X.400 Connector
Multiple Messaging Connectors
Planning Routing Groups
Designing Your Routing Groups
Planning Public Folders
Planning Gateways
Planning Servers
Disk Considerations
Processor Considerations
Memory Considerations
Network Considerations
Ways to Add Fault Tolerance
Summary
III. Deployment
7. Installing Exchange Server 2003
Preparing for the Installation
Gathering Information
Verifying Hardware Requirements
Getting Service Packs
Defining the Role of Your Server
Optimizing Hardware Through Configuration
Verifying System Requirements
Windows
Active Directory Domains
TCP/IP
Windows Clustering
Creating the Exchange Administrator’s Account
Playing It Safe
Installing Exchange Server 2003
Choosing Components for Installation
Creating an Organization
Licensing
Confirming the Installation Choices
Installing in an Existing Organization
Verifying Your Installation
Summary
8. Managing Exchange Server 2003
Microsoft Management Console
The MMC User Interface
MMC Menu Bar
MMC Toolbar
Snap-in Action Bar
Scope Pane
Details Pane
Snap-in Root Node
Containers and Objects
How MMC Works
Snap-ins
Packages
Custom Tools
Custom Consoles
Using the Exchange System Snap-in
Examining the Exchange Hierarchy
Global Settings Container
Recipients Container
Servers Container
Connectors Container
Tools Container
Folders Container
Customizing an Exchange System Console
Summary
9. Creating and Managing Recipients
Understanding Recipient Types
Users
Mailbox-Enabled Users
Creating a New Mailbox-Enabled User
Configuring Mailbox Properties
General Tab
Organization Tab
Exchange General Tab
E-Mail Addresses Tab
Exchange Features Tab
Exchange Advanced Tab
Custom Attributes Button
ILS Settings Button
Mailbox Rights Button
Member of Tab
Mail-Enabled Users
Contacts
Creating a Contact
Configuring a Contact
Groups
Creating a Group
Configuring a Group
Members Tab
Managed By Tab
Exchange Advanced Tab
Creating Query-Based Distribution Groups
Searching for Recipients
Filtering Recipients
Finding Recipients
Templates
Recipient Policies
Creating a Recipient Policy
Creating an Exception to a Policy
Address Lists
Summary
10. Using Public Folders
Understanding Public Folder Storage
Using Public Folders in Microsoft Outlook 2003
Creating a Public Folder in Outlook
Managing Public Folders in Outlook
General Tab
Administration Tab
Forms Tab
Permissions Tab
Using Public Folders in the Exchange System Snap-In
Creating a Public Folder Tree
Creating a New Top-Level Root Folder
Creating a New Public Folder Store
Connecting to the Public Folder Store
Creating a Public Folder in the Exchange System Snap-In
Managing Public Folders in the Exchange System Snap-In
Managing Public Folders at the Public Folder Store Level
Managing Public Folders at the Folder Level
Replicating a Public Folder
Creating a Replica
Configuring Replication at the Public Folder Store
Public Folder Referrals
Synchronizing Public Folder Replicas
Message Creation
Message Deletion
Message Expiration
Message Modification
Summary
11. Using Storage Groups
Review of Exchange 2003 Storage Architecture
Benefits of Using Storage Groups
Increased User Support
Individual Backup and Restore
Hosting of Multiple Businesses
Support for Special Mailboxes
Circular Logging for a Single Storage Group
Planning Storage Groups
Planning for Disk Space
Calculating Disk Space for E-Mails and Attachments
Calculating Disk Space for Public Folders
Planning for Multiple Storage Groups
Planning for Backup Throughput
Creating Storage Groups
Creating Stores
Creating a Mailbox Store
Moving Transaction Log Files and Database Files
Deleting Stores or Storage Groups
Deleting a Mailbox Store
Deleting a Public Folder Store
Deleting a Storage Group
Creating a Full-Text Index
Summary
12. Using Administrative and Routing Groups
Administrative Group Concepts
Choosing an Administrative Model
Centralized Administrative Model
Decentralized Administrative Model
Mixed Administrative Model
Administrative Groups and Permissions
Creating an Administrative Group
Creating a New Container
Server Objects and Administrative Groups
Exchange 2003 Policies
Creating a System Policy
Creating a Server Policy
Creating a Public Store Policy
Creating a Mailbox Store Policy
Managing Policy Conflicts
Creating and Managing Routing Groups
Creating a Routing Group
Managing a Routing Group
Summary
13. Connecting Routing Groups
Routing Group Connector
Creating a Routing Group Connector
Remote Bridgehead Tab
Delivery Restrictions Tab
Delivery Options Tab
Content Restrictions Tab
SMTP Connector
Creating an SMTP Connector
Delivery Options Tab
Advanced Tab
Address Space Tab
Connected Routing Groups Tab
Link State Administration
Scenario 1: First Link Is Unavailable
Managing Messages in Outbound Queues
Resuming Normal Operation
Scenario 2: Destination Link Is Unavailable
Scenario 3: Alternate, Higher-Cost Route Is Available
Scenario 4: Message Has Multiple Destinations
Summary
IV. Upgrading and Migrating
14. Planning a Migration to Exchange Server 2003
Differentiating Between Migration and Upgrade
Planning the Migration Strategy
Taking a Current Snapshot
Choosing Network Migration Tools
Move Server Wizard
Exmerge
Exchange Migration Wizard
Active Directory Migration Tool
Creating the Migration Team
Deciding When to Move Users
Maintaining Connections During Coexistence
Connectors Between Platforms
Maintaining External Addresses
Naming Conventions
Directory Names
Display Names
Managing Migrated Messages
Migrating Distribution Lists
Creating a Deployment Plan
Sample Migration Plan Outline
Summary
15. Migrating to Exchange Server 2003
The Example Scenario
Understanding the Big Picture
Migrating Windows NT Accounts to Active Directory
Migrating Exchange Account Information
Managing Duplicate Accounts
Finishing the Account Migration from Exchange 5.5
Installing Exchange 2003 into the Exchange 5.5 Site
Using Exmerge
Migrating Public Folders
Finishing the Migration
Connector Upgrades
Internet Mail Connector Upgrade
Upgrading Foreign Connectors
GWART and LST
Decommissioning and Removing the Last Exchange 5.5 Server and Site
Considering a Rollback
Summary
16. Coexisting with Previous Versions of Exchange
Coexisting with the Exchange 5.x Directory
Site Replication Service
Site Consistency Checker
SRS Database
Active Directory Connector
Planning Connection Agreements in Active Directory Connector Service
Installing the ADC Service
Configuring the Active Directory Connector Service
Connections Tab
Schedule Tab
From Exchange and From Windows Tabs
Deletion Tab
Advanced Tab
Setting the Default Policy for the ADC Service
Working with Sites, Administrative Groups, and Routing Groups
Handling Other Coexistence Issues
Proxy Address
Foreign E-Mail Connection
Messages
User Data
Summary
V. Clients
17. Overview of Exchange Clients
Microsoft Outlook
Outlook Today
Microsoft Outlook Express
Messaging
News Reading
Performing Directory Service Lookups
Outlook Web Access
Exchange Client
Schedule+
Standard Internet E-Mail Clients
Non-Windows Platforms
UNIX Clients
Macintosh Clients
Choosing a Client for Exchange Server
Summary
18. Deploying Outlook 2003
Installing Outlook 2003
Standard Outlook Installation
Customizing Outlook Installation
Using Command-Line Switches
Using a Setup Information File
Using the Office Custom Installation Wizard
Systems Management Server
Supporting Outlook 2003
Using Cached Exchange Mode
Configuring Cached Exchange Mode
Changing Cached Exchange Mode Connection Settings
Disabling Cached Exchange Mode
Synchronizing a Mailbox
Synchronizing Public Folders
Shaping Synchronization
Deciding Whether to Copy or Synchronize Public Folders
Enabling Multiple Users in Outlook 2003
Understanding Outlook Profiles, Exchange Mailboxes, and User Accounts
Creating Multiple Profiles with Outlook 2003
Providing Access to Different Exchange Mailboxes
Using Outlook to Delegate Mailbox Access
Setting Up Roving Users
HTTP Access from Outlook
Summary
19. Supporting Outlook Web Access
Features of OWA
Logon/Logoff Improvements
Securing Outlook Web Access Client Traffic
Managing OWA
Exchange System Manager
Internet Information Services
Deploying OWA
Single-Server Scenario
Front-End/Back-End Scenario
Configuring an OWA FE Server
Firewalls and FE Servers
Placing an FE Server Inside a Single Firewall
Place the FE Server Outside Your Firewall
Placing the FE Server Between Two Firewalls
OWA User Features
OWA Segmentation
Summary
20. Supporting Internet Protocols and SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
7-Bit ASCII Character Set
Extended ASCII Character Set
MIME Format
SMTP Service Extensions
Exchange Server 2003 and the SMTP Service
SMTP Virtual Servers
Configuring and Administering a Virtual Server
Enabling message filtering
Connection Filtering
Recipient Filtering
Sender Filtering
Configuring access properties
Configuring messaging limits and badmail behavior
Configuring delivery information
Troubleshooting SMTP
Post Office Protocol 3
Internet Messaging Access Protocol 4
Administering IMAP4
Network News Transfer Protocol
NNTP Architecture
NNTP Commands
Administering NNTP
Configuring an NNTP Virtual Server
NNTP Server Objects
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Summary
VI. Functionality
21. Connecting to Other Messaging Systems with X.400
Overview of X.400
Creating an MTA Service Transport Stack
General Tab
Connectors Tab
Creating an X.400 Connector
General Tab
Schedule Tab
Stack Tab
Override Tab
Address Space Tab
Connected Routing Groups Tab
Delivery Restrictions Tab
Advanced Tab
Content Restrictions Tab
Summary
22. Mobile Services in Exchange Server 2003
Exchange ActiveSync
Setting Up Exchange Server 2003 for Exchange ActiveSync
Setting Up a Mobile Device for Exchange ActiveSync
Outlook Mobile Access
Configuring Outlook Mobile Access in Exchange Server 2003
Enabling Unsupported Devices in OMA
Summary
VII. Security
23. Security Policies and Exchange Server 2003
Why Are Information Security Policies Important?
Information Security Policies and Electronic Policies
Information Security Policies for Exchange Server 2003
Password Policies
Logon Policies
Acceptable Use Policies
Computer Viruses, Trojans, and Worms
Schema Extensions by Exchange Server 2003
Data Security
Legal Exposure to Unwanted E-Mail Content
Backing Up and Archiving Exchange Databases
E-Mail Integrity
Miscellaneous Elements to Consider
Summary
24. Exchange Server Security
The Scope of Security
Motivations of an Attacker
How Hackers Work
Physical Security
Administrative Security
SMTP Security
Computer Viruses
What Is a Virus?
Trojans
Worms
Junk E-Mail
Summary
25. Securing Exchange Server 2003 Messages
Windows Server 2003 Security Protocols
Understanding the Public-Key Infrastructure in Windows Server 2003
Encryption and Keys
Encryption Schemes
Certificate Services in Windows Server 2003
Digital Certificates and the X.509 Standard
Certificate Authority
Certificate Services Architecture in Windows Server 2003
Entry Module
Policy Module
Certificate Templates
Certificate Database
Exit Modules
Managing the Public-Key Infrastructure
Installing and Configuring Certificate Services
Installing Web Enrollment Support
Using the Web Enrollment Pages
Making an Advanced Request
Viewing Information About Certificates
Securing Messaging in Outlook 2003
Initially Trusting a Certificate
Encryption and Outlook 2003
Digital Signatures and Outlook 2003
S/MIME and Outlook 2003
Configuring Outlook 2003 for Secure Messaging
Installing Exchange Certificate Templates
Working with the Local Certificate Store
Understanding How Exchange Server 2003 Integrates with Windows Server 2003 Security
Active Directory
Kerberos Authentication
Access Control Model
IP Security
Cross-Forest Authentication
Summary
VIII. Maintenance
26. Monitoring Exchange Server 2003
Using Event Viewer
Using Diagnostics Logging
Using Exchange Monitors
Using Server Monitors
Windows Services
SMTP and X.400 Queue Growth
CPU Utilization
Free Disk Space
Available Virtual Memory
Using Link Monitors
Using Notifications
Setting Up an E-Mail Notification
Setting Up a Script Notification
Tracking Messages
Enabling Message Tracking for a Server
Using the Message Tracking Center
Using System Monitor
Using SNMP and the MADMAN MIB
How SNMP Works
Exchange Server 2003 and the MADMAN MIB
Summary
27. Disaster Recovery of an Exchange Server 2003 Database
Backup and Restore Strategy
Database GUID
Mailbox GUID
Log File Signature
Circular Logging
Checksum
Single Database Backup
Domain and Configuration Partitions
Types of Backups
Backup Strategies
The Backup Process
Restore Process Overview
Restoring the Binary Files
Considerations of Different Restore Scenarios
Restoring Online Backups
Restoring Offline Backups
Restoring a Single Mailbox
Restoring a Single Database
Restoring Databases to a Different Server
Single Mailbox
Recovery Scenarios
Recovering an Exchange Server 2003 Member Server
Best Practices
Shadow Copies and Exchange Server 2003
Summary
28. Troubleshooting Exchange Server 2003
Using Troubleshooting Tools
Inbox Repair Tool
RPing Utility
RPing Server
RPing Client
Eseutil.exe Offline Tool
Other Useful Utilities
Finding Help
Product Documentation
Microsoft TechNet
Internet Newsgroups
Summary
29. Tuning Exchange Server 2003 Performance
Understanding How the Performance Snap-in Works
Performance Monitoring Concepts
Throughput
Queue
Response Time
Bottleneck
Collecting Data with the Performance Snap-in
Viewing Collected Data
Evaluating the Four Main Subsystems in Windows
Evaluating Memory Usage
Evaluating Processor Usage
Evaluating Disk Usage
Evaluating Network Usage
Using the Performance Snap-in to Tune Exchange Server 2003
SMTP System Monitor Counters
Content Indexing System Monitor Counters
Outlook Web Access
Summary
IX. Appendixes
A. Default Directory Structure for Exchange Server 2003
B. Delivery Status Notification Codes
C. Log File Locations
Glossary
D.
E. System Requirements
Additional Software Required to Use Specific Features in Exchange 2003 Enterprise Edition
Index
About the Authors
Copyright
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