Eigenvalues are scalar solutions to the equation Ax = ax, where A is a two-dimensional matrix and x is a one-dimensional vector. Eigenvectors are vectors corresponding to eigenvalues (see https://www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/alternate_bases/eigen_everything/v/linear-algebra-introduction-to-eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors). The eigvals() function in the numpy.linalg package calculates eigenvalues. The eig() function returns a tuple containing eigenvalues and eigenvectors.