A note on the digital index A link in an index entry is displayed as the section title in which that entry appears. Because some sections have multiple index markers, it is not unusual for an entry to have several links to the same section. Clicking on any link will take you directly to the place in the text in which the marker appears.
Symbols #! (shebang), Discussion % (string-formatting operator), String Basics , Solution , Discussion **kwds syntax, Discussion *args syntax, Discussion + operator, Discussion , (comma), Discussion / (slash), File Basics 4Suite package, Introduction << operator, Solution \\ (backslash), String Basics , File Basics , Discussion _ (underscore), Discussion “.join (empty string joiner), Discussion , Solution A Access, Introduction accessing attributes of instance objects, Introduction MySQL database, Problem Active Server Pages (ASP), Introduction ActivePython, Discussion ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), Discussion Adapter Design Pattern, Discussion adaptive sorting algorithms, Current Sorting __add__, Introduction adding items to sequences while preserving
sortedness, Problem ADO (ActiveX Data Objects), Discussion using Microsoft Jet via, Problem algorithms, Introduction performance issues, Discussion antispam system, configuring, Problem Apache authenticating SSL client over HTTPS, Solution calculating hits per IP address, Problem calculating rate of client cache hits on, Problem APIs, cross-platform, file locking using, Problem append method (list objects), Discussion application-specific languages, Using Python Itself as a Little Language applications message loops, Windows, Solution multithreaded, Problem relational database design inappropriateness
for, Introduction Win32, message processing with
MsgWaitForMultipleObjects, Problem archiving tree of files into compressed tar file, Archiving a Tree of Files into a Compressed tar File *args syntax, Discussion arithmetic binary floating-kpoint, simulation, Problem decimal, Problem floating-point, simulating, Simulating Floating Point with error propagation, Problem arrays C, translating Python sequence into, Problem transposing two-dimensional, Problem ASCII characters in text strings, String Basics ASP (Active Server Pages), Introduction assert, Discussion assigning/testing expression results, Problem asynchat module, Introduction asyncore module, Introduction performance benefits, Introduction atomic operations, Introduction attachments, removing from email messages, Problem attributes adding to classes, Problem checking objects for, Problem hiding those supplied by delegate, Discussion named, tuple items accessible as, Problem restricting setting in classes, Problem settings for restricting in classes, Problem __setattr__ method, Discussion authentication HTTPS navigation through proxies, Problem remote logins SSH, Problem Telnet, Problem SSL client over HTTPS, Problem via POP server, Problem automatic caching, Discussion , Problem automatic delegation, Discussion as alternative to inheritance, Problem wrapping by, Discussion B backslash (\\), String Basics , File Basics , Discussion backups, Problem backwards compatibility classic classes for new code development, Discussion inheritance in Python, Introduction bag (multiset), Problem basestring type, Solution Berkeley database (Berkeley DB), persisting data
with, Problem Berkeley DB (Berkeley database), persisting data
with, Problem big-O analysis and notation, Discussion binary data, sending to Windows standard output, Problem binary files randomly reading bytes from, Problem sequentially reading bytes from, File Basics , Solution binary large objects (see BLOBs) binary mode versus text mode (files), File Basics binary search algorithm, Discussion binary strings, formatting integers as, Problem binding attributes of instance objects, Introduction bisect (binary search), Solution bisect_right function, Discussion bits, printing integer as string of, Discussion BLOBs (binary large objects), Introduction storing in MySQL, Problem PostgreSQL, Storing a BLOB in a PostgreSQL Database SQLite, Problem Borg class, Borg odds and ends avoiding Singleton Design Pattern with, Problem Borg design nonpattern, alternative to, Borg, Singleton, or neither? bound methods, Discussion held by objects, pickling, Problem maintaining references to without inhibiting garbage
collection, Problem weak references to, Discussion bounded precision, Decimal bsddb package, Problem bsddb3 package, Problem building C extensions, Problem with Pyrex, Problem classes via metaclasses, Introduction dictionaries, Problem empty class instance, Problem list comprehensions, Problem lists, Solution , Problem , Problem modules, tools for, Introduction built-in type, inheriting, Introduction __builtin__ module, Discussion bytecodes, multiple, Introduction bytes, as distinguished from characters, What Is Text? CRC-64 computation on stream of, Problem extracting from strings, Solution randomly reading from binary file, Problem sequentially reading from binary file, Solution sequentially reading from binary files, File Basics bytestrings, Discussion C C extensions building, Problem with Pyrex, Problem debugging, Problem C programming language coding Python extensions, Introduction cPickle as built-in module for storing/retrieving
data, Introduction (see also cPickle module) C++ library, using in Python, Problem C++ syntax for I/O, Problem caching attribute values, Problem automatic, Discussion , Problem with FIFO pruning, Problem callback functions, avoiding lambda in writing, Problem candygram module, Solution case-insensitive text strings, Making Some Strings Case-Insensitive Celsius temperature, converting to other scales, Problem center method (string objects), Solution CGI (Common Gateway Interface), Discussion , Problem programs, Discussion scripts (see CGI scripts) testing, Problem uploading files with, Problem CGI scripts, Introduction handling URLs in, Problem using Microsoft Jet via ADO, Problem Chainmap class, Discussion ChangeCheckerMixin class, Discussion characters, Discussion accented, entering in Tkinter widgets, Entering Accented Characters in Tkinter Widgets characters method, Discussion class instances, upgrading on reload, Problem objects, Introduction statement, Introduction _ _class_ _ attribute, Discussion classes adding attributes to, Problem chaining dictionary lookups, Problem classic, as legacy feature, Introduction creating new instances of, Introduction defining through inheritance, Introduction finding all methods of, Solution functionality supplying across range of, Introduction instance, changing on the fly, Discussion instantiating, Introduction restricting attribute setting, Problem saving/restoring with cPickle, Problem Singleton, Discussion subclassing, Introduction , Introduction (see also metaclasses) closures, Discussion CLSID (globally unique identifier), Discussion Cocoa toolkit, building GUI programmatically, Building a Python Cocoa GUI Programmatically code development, classic classes not recommended
for, Discussion maintaining by use of new-style classes, Introduction programming, Introduction databases and, Introduction reusing through inheritance, Introduction code objects altering in a decorator, Solution extracting from __init__ objects, Discussion inserting in dynamically generated modules, Problem pickling, Pickling Code Objects codecs module, printing Unicode characters to standard
output, Solution collecting named items, Problem collections.deque subclassing for ring buffer implementation, Discussion using for FIFO implementations, Discussion COM connecting to running instance of Internet
Explorer, Problem driving ADO and Jet with, Problem driving Microsoft Word with, Problem parsing XML with MSHTML, Problem reading Microsoft Outlook contacts, Problem registering/unregistering DLLs, Discussion comma (,), Discussion commands running repeatedly, Problem scheduling, Problem comments, tracing in debug mode, Problem Common Gateway Interface (see CGI) Common Object Request Broker Architecture (see CORBA) comparison key (for sorting), Problem composition, Problem compression of objects, Problem persistence with, Discussion computer games, relational database design inappropriate
for, Introduction computers, monitoring, Solution concurrent programming, Introduction conditionals. disabling while debugging, Problem connecting to running instance of Internet
Explorer, Problem _const class, Discussion const.py module, Discussion constants, defining, Problem containsAny method, Discussion containsOnly method, Discussion content type, checking via HTTP, Problem converting among image formats, Converting Among Image Formats among temperature scales, Problem , Problem characters to numeric code, Problem Python source into HTML markup, Problem text strings, Problem to lowercase/uppercase, Controlling Case time zones, Problem cookies handling while fetching web pages, Problem Internet Explorer, finding, Problem __copy__ method, Problem copy module, Solution copy.copy function, Discussion copying mailbox files, Problem objects, Problem copy_reg module, extending pickle/cPickle
modules, Solution CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture), Introduction , Introduction implementing server and client, Problem CoreGraphics module, Discussion counts method, Discussion cPickle module, Introduction classes and instances, Problem serializing data, Problem using compression with, Problem , Problem (see also pickling) CRCs (cyclic redundancy checks), Problem CreateMutex function, Discussion creating class instances, Introduction share on Windows, Problem cStringIO module, Portability and Flexibility , Solution ctypes module, Solution currying, Associating Parameters with a Function (Currying) cursor objects, Solution custom metaclasses, synchronization and, Discussion cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs), Problem D daemon processes, forking on Unlx-like systems, Problem daemon threads, Introduction data Excel, accessing with Jython, Problem hierarchical structuring of, Discussion saving/retrieving with support for
selecting/searching, Discussion serializing marshal module, Problem pickle and cPickle modules, Problem database cursors, printing contents of, Pretty-Printing the Contents of Database Cursors databases, Introduction , Using the Berkeley DB Database applications providing transaction support/concurrency
control, Introduction persistence, compression and, Discussion programming issues, Introduction relational (see relational databases) datagram sockets (UDP), Problem monitoring network status, Problem using for SNTP, Discussion date/time, Introduction calculating number of holidays, Problem number of weekdays, Problem time periods in date range, Problem yesterday/tomorrow, Calculating Yesterday and Tomorrow checking for daylight saving time, Problem converting time zones, Problem datetime module, Time and Date Objects finding date of previous weekday, Problem getting time from server via SNTP protocol, Problem parsing fuzzy dates, Problem running commands repeatedly, Problem summing song durations, Problem time module, The time Module timedelta module timedelta type, Solution , Solution date/timescheduling commands, Problem datetime module, Time and Date Objects , Discussion , Solution calculating number of weekdays, Discussion dateutil module, Solution automatic holiday lookups, Solution calculating number of weekdays, Discussion daylight saving time, checking for, Problem DB API modules, single parameter passing style across
various, Problem db_row (Python Database Row Module), Discussion DDList class, Discussion deadlocks, Discussion , Discussion avoiding by nonblocking output and error
streams, Problem debug mode, tracing expressions/comments, Problem debugging, Introduction C extensions, Problem disabling conditions and loops, Problem exception handling, Problem garbage collection, Problem property function, Discussion starting debugger automatically after uncaught
exception, Problem threads in processes, Discussion tracebacks, Getting More Information from Tracebacks unit tests checking values against, Problem running automatically, Problem running simply, Problem decimal module, Decimal , Solution decimal numeric data type, Decimal decorate-sort-undecorate (DSU), Introduction decorators, Descriptors altering code objects in, Solution __deepcopy__ method, Discussion def statement, defining methods with, Introduction default values/bounds, using with tkSimpleDialog
functions, Problem __delattr__ method, Discussion delegation, Introduction flexibility of, Discussion in proxies, Problem , Problem (see also automatic delegation) description attribute, Problem cursors, Discussion descriptors, Descriptors design patterns, Problem Adapter, Discussion Monostate, Borg, Singleton, or neither? Null Object, Problem object-oriented, Introduction Reactor, Discussion Singleton, Introduction , Problem State, Problem Strategy, Discussion Template Method, Discussion , Introduction design tools, relational database design in appropriate
for, Introduction dict (built-in type), Discussion fromkeys classmethod, Solution dictionaries adding entries to, Problem building, Problem chaining lookups, Problem dispatching methods/functions with, Problem enriching type of, with rating
functionality, Problem extracting subsets from, Problem finding unions/intersections of, Problem getting values from, Problem inverting, Problem keys in (see dictionary keys) mapping column names to index values, Problem sorting, Problem using for search tasks, Introduction , Solution (see also mappings) dictionary keys associating multiple values to, Problem avoiding quoting in dictionary building, Problem directories computing relative path, Problem finding files in, Problem sharing on Windows, Problem trees (see directory trees) directory trees changing file extensions in, Problem walking, Problem dispatching generators as co-routines, Thinking Out of the Box methods via dictionaries, Problem distributed programming, Introduction error handling in, Solution distutils package, Solution division, true versus truncating, Discussion DLLs (dynamic link libraries), Windows calling functions from, Problem registering/unregistering, Problem docstrings, Discussion doctest module, Solution , Introduction DOM (Document Object Model), Introduction drag-and-drop reordering, adding to a Tkinter
listbox, Problem DSU (decorate-sort-undecorate), Introduction sorting lists of objects by their
attributes, Discussion sorting lists of strings ignoring case, Solution sorting strings with embedded numbers, Discussion dtuple module, Discussion duck typing, Discussion dump and dumps functions marshal module, Problem pickle/cPickle modules, Problem duplicates, removing from sequences, Problem Dynamic IP protocol (DNS), Problem dynamic link libraries (see DLLs) E EAFP (easier to ask forgiveness than
permission), Discussion email addresses, building whitelist of, from
mailboxes, Problem email messages blocking duplicates, Problem in Python 2.4, Fixing Messages Parsed by Python 2.4 email.FeedParser logging to disk, Problem malformed, Discussion POP3 mailboxes, Solution , Discussion removing attachments from, Problem email module, Discussion email package, Solution bundling files in MIME messages, Solution embedding Python, Introduction empty string joiner (\"\.join), Discussion , Solution encoding types of, Discussion Unicode for XML/HTML, Problem XML, autodetecting, Problem enumerate function, Problem enumerations, simulating, Problem __eq__ method,
adding to Borg class, Borg in action Erlang’s approach to thread communication, Discussion error handling, Introduction EAFP approach, Discussion in distributed programming, Solution in Unicode encoding, Solution in XML parsing, Solution via exceptions, Problem event-driven programming, Introduction multithreading compared to, Introduction Excel (see Microsoft Excel) exception handling, Problem starting debugger automatically after uncaught
exception, Problem within expressions, Problem exec statement, Solution , Solution power of, Discussion executables, making from scripts in Windows with p2exe, Problem Unix, Problem expand function, Discussion expandtabs method, Solution Expat parser (XML), Introduction expressions as distinct from statements, Solution , Problem handling exceptions in, Problem tracing in debug mode, Problem extend method, Discussion extending Python, Introduction extract_stack function, Solution F factory functions closures, Solution , Discussion metaclasses, Problem tuple subclasses, Discussion fade-in windows, implementing with IronPython, Problem Fahrenheit temperature, converting to other
scales, Problem farey fractions, converting numbers to
rationals, Problem FeedParser module, Problem , Discussion fetch data from databases incrementally, Problem Fibonacci sequence, Problem FIFO (first-in, first-out) pruning, caching with, Problem FIFO (first-in, first-out) implementations, using
collections.deque for, Discussion file extensions, changing in directory trees, Problem file objects, Problem files, Introduction archiving into compressed tar file, Archiving a Tree of Files into a Compressed tar File attributes, changing on Windows, Changing File Attributes on Windows backing up, Problem binary mode versus text mode, File Basics bundling in MIME messages, Problem C++ approach to I/O, Problem code portability, Portability and Flexibility counting lines in, Problem dynamically changing search path, Problem extensions (see file extensions) finding in directories, Problem on search path, Problem HTTP downloading, resuming, Problem input, rewinding, Problem locking types of locks, Discussion with cross-platform API, Problem mailbox, selectively copying, Problem names (see filenames) objects (see file objects) OpenOffice.org, extracting text from, Extracting Text from OpenOffice.org Documents OPML, generating, Problem PDF (see PDF files) processing words in, Problem pseudo-files, Discussion random-access input/output, Problem updating, Problem reading, Solution by specific line, Problem searching/replacing text in, Searching and Replacing Text in a File uploading with CGI, Problem walking directory trees, Problem Word, extracting text from, Problem writing to, Problem zip inside strings, handling, Problem reading data from, Problem filtering list of FTP sites, Problem text strings for set of characters, Filtering a String for a Set of Characters filter_rdf function, Discussion find method, subsequences in sequences, Solution finding all methods of classes, Solution date of previous weekday, Problem files in directories, Problem Internet Explorer cookie, Problem subsequences in sequences, Flattening a Nested Sequence unions/intersections of dictionaries, Problem first-class objects, Introduction floating point, Decimal floating-point arithmetic, Problem arithmetic, simulating, Simulating Floating Point FOAF (Friend-Of-A-Friend), Problem folders (see directories) foreign exchange rates, monitoring, Problem formatter.AbstractFormatter class, Discussion Friend-Of-A-Friend (FOAF), Problem FTP sites, filtering list of, Problem functions built-in, trying special methods in specific
order, Introduction composing, Problem dispatching with dictionaries, Problem executing in parallel on multiple argument
sets, Problem I/O bound, Discussion polymorphism of, Discussion portability, Portability and Flexibility G Gadfly, Introduction garbage collection cyclic, avoiding, Discussion debugging, Problem maintaining references to bound methods without
inhibiting, Problem gc module, Solution generator expressions, See Also generators, The Iterator Protocol generic programming, Introduction genetic sequencing information, archiving, relational
database design for, Introduction get method, Discussion dictionary values, Problem extracting subsets from dictionaries, Discussion lists and, Problem values from dictionaries, Solution __getattr__ method, Discussion , Discussion __getitem__ method, Discussion , Discussion getItems method, Discussion , Discussion getQualifiedURL function, Discussion _getS method, Discussion __getstate__ method, Discussion GetSubList method, Discussion GetText method, Discussion getvalue method, Discussion GIF images, inline, embedding using Tkinter, Problem GIL (Global Interpreter Lock), Introduction Python C APIs and, Introduction Gimp toolkit (GTK), Introduction Global Interpreter Lock (see GIL) globally unique identifier (CSLID), Discussion GMP (Gnu Multiple Precision), Discussion Graham’s scan algorithm, Solution groupby function, Solution _groupkeyfunc
function, Discussion groupnames function, Discussion GTK (Gimp toolkit), Introduction GUI toolkits, Introduction GUIs asynchronous I/O, combining with threads, Problem concurrent programming and, Introduction Python Cocoa, building programmatically, Building a Python Cocoa GUI Programmatically , Introduction (see also user interfaces) gzip module compressing backup files, Discussion using compression with, Problem , Problem H handling exceptions (see exception handling) __hash__
method, adding to Borg class, Borg in action Haskell programming language, See Also haystack.count method, String Basics heap property, Solution heap, retrieving data in order, Discussion heapq module, Discussion , Discussion , Solution histogram, Solution HTML converting documents to text on Unix, Problem encoding Unicode for, Problem mail, sending, Problem , Problem (see also XML) htmlentitydefs module, Solution HTTP checking content type via, Problem monitoring networks with, Problem HTTPS navigation, authenticating with proxy for, Problem I I/O (input/output) C++ syntax, Problem operations I/O-bound functions, Problem locking threads, Introduction random-access files, Problem sources, accessing while running GUIs, Problem IDLE (Integrated Development Environment), Problem GUI shell for exploring Python OOP, Introduction IDLE tree widget, using in Tkinter, Problem idlelib package, Solution image formats, converting among, Converting Among Image Formats ImageJ, implementing plug-in in Jython, Problem immutability, Discussion importing modules, Problem inheritance automatic delegation as alternative, Problem code reuse and, Introduction copying objects and, Discussion drawbacks, Solution flexibility of delegation and, Discussion multiple, supported by super class, Problem polymorphism, requirement of, Introduction , Introduction (see also multiple inheritance) __init__ method, Discussion , Discussion bypassing, Discussion calling superclasses that define, Calling a Superclass _ _init_ _ Method If It Exists constructors for class instances, Introduction initializers for class instances, Introduction overriding, Discussion __init__ methods automatically initializing instance variables
from, Automatically Initializing Instance Variables from _ _init_ _
Arguments initializing
instance variables from __init__ methods, Problem input files, rewinding, Problem input function, Introduction instance objects, Introduction instances checking for state changes, Checking an Instance for Any State Changes saving/restoring with cPickle, Problem integers, formatting as binary strings, Problem Integrated Development Environment (see IDLE) Internet Explorer, connecting to running instance
of, Problem Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Problem intersection method, Discussion intertools module, Solution intervals, checking values against in unit
tests, Problem introspection, Introspection coding and, Solution IP addresses, calculating Apache hits per, Problem IRC (Internet Relay Chat), connecting to, Problem IronPython, implementing fade-in windows with, Problem IsExpandable method, Discussion isinstance method, Solution islower method, Discussion isorted function, Discussion isSSL function, Discussion istext function, Discussion istitle method, Discussion isupper method, Discussion itemgetter function, Discussion , Discussion iter function, Discussion __iter__ method, Portability and Flexibility iterable mappings, Discussion iterators, The Iterator Protocol iteritems method, Discussion itertools module, Discussion dictionary building, Discussion inverting dictionaries, Solution , Solution itertools.ifilter, Discussion izip, Discussion , Solution J JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), accessing from Jython
servlet, Problem join method, String Basics , Discussion , Discussion Jython extracting data from Excel, Problem implementing ImageJ plug-in, Problem servlets connecting to JDBC database from, Problem running with, Problem viewing image from URL with, Problem L lambda, avoiding in writing callback functions, Problem LBYL (Look Before You Leap), object attribute
checking, Solution ldap extension, Solution ldap module, Discussion LDAP servers, accessing, Problem lexing, Lexing line-termination characters, File Basics , Discussion linecache module, Problem Linux measuring memory usage on, Problem user interface toolkits, Introduction list comprehensions accessing substrings and, Solution building, Problem dictionary building, Solution quicksort algorithm and, Discussion removing/reordering columns in lists of
rows, Solution translating from Haskell to Python, See Also list function, Discussion list objects, Discussion listboxes, Tkinter adding drag-and-drop reordering to, Problem supporting multiple values per row, Problem lists building, Solution , Problem , Problem items in appending, Problem processing in random order, Problem of rows, removing/reordering columns, Problem picking items at random from, Randomly Picking Items with Given Probabilities returning elements of, Problem ljust method (string objects), Solution locale module, Discussion localization processing non-ASCII characters, Problem western European alphabets, Sources of Text locals function, Discussion lock function, Discussion locks, Introduction log Apache files, analyzing, Problem information, storing, Implementing a Ring Buffer logging module, Discussion logging, centralized, Introduction Look Before You Leap (LBYL), object attribute
checking, Solution LookBeforeYouLeap class, Discussion loops, disabling while debugging, Problem lower method, Solution , Discussion __lshift__, Solution lstrip method, Solution Luhn algorithm, Checking a Credit Card Checksum M Mac OS X line-termination characters, Discussion PDF files, counting pages in, Counting Pages of PDF Documents on Mac OS X system information, gathering, Problem Mac OS, getting user input on, Problem mailbox files, selectively copying, Problem mailbox modules, Solution mailboxes building whitelist of email addresses from, Problem POP3, malformed messages, Solution , Discussion makefile method, textual data source, Sources of Text maketrans function, Discussion string filtering, Discussion make_xlat function, Discussion malware, Discussion mappings, Problem partial, changing into full, Discussion marshal module, Introduction limitations, Discussion serializing data, Problem use cases for, Discussion Medusa, Introduction using with XML-RPC, Problem medusa package, Solution Meerkat service, Discussion memoization, Discussion , Problem implementing
__deepcopy__ method, Discussion memory debugging problems, Problem file-based transformations, Sources of Text leaks, investigating, Problem measuring usage on Linux, Problem ring buffers and, Discussion saving, implementing tuples as named items, Discussion mergesort algorithm, Current Sorting message loops, Solution message pumps, Solution messages (see email messages) met method, Discussion metaclasses, Introduction , Descriptors custom, synchronization and, Discussion methods as attributes in Python, Discussion bound (see bound methods) calling other methods on same instance, Introduction copying between Tkinter widgets, Problem defining as instance objects behavior, Introduction delegating work to same method in superclass, Introduction dispatching with dictionaries, Problem hiding those supplied by delegate, Discussion of classes, finding all, Solution of subclass, overriding superclass methods, Introduction special, of classes, Introduction string objects, String Basics synchronizing in objects, Problem unbound, Discussion Microsoft Access (see Access) Microsoft Excel data, extracting with Jython, Problem XML, parsing, Problem Microsoft Jet, Introduction using via ADO, Problem Microsoft ODBC standard, Introduction Microsoft Outlook, reading contacts, Problem Microsoft SQL Server, Introduction Microsoft Word (see Word) MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), Problem MIME messages bundling files in, Problem multipart, unpacking, Problem mimetools module, Solution MimeWriter module, Solution mixin class checking instances for state changes, Solution functionality supplying across range of
classes, Introduction using cooperative supercalls, Solution modules benefits over OOP objects, Introduction building, tools for, Introduction class definitions, including assignment statement
in, Introduction ensuring name is defined in, Problem importing, Problem Python search path and, Problem SWIG-generated, Problem money tasks, Doing Decimal Arithmetic adding machine, Python as, Problem checking credit card checksums, Checking a Credit Card Checksum foreign exchange rates, monitoring, Problem formatting decimals as currency, Formatting Decimals as Currency performing decimal arithmetic, Problem moneyfmt function, Solution monitoring computers, Solution Monostate Design Pattern, Borg, Singleton, or neither? MsgWaitForMultipleObjects function, Problem MSHTML, Problem msvcrt module, Solution , Discussion MultiListbox.__init__ method, Discussion multiple_replace function, Discussion multiprocess computing, Introduction Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), Problem multitasking, without threads, Problem multithreaded environment, using SWIG-generated modules
in, Problem multithreaded programming, Introduction deadlocks, Discussion main benefit of, Discussion race conditions, Discussion MySQL, Introduction database, accessing, Problem storing BLOBs in, Problem MySQLdb module, Problem storing BLOBs in MySQL, Problem N named attributes, tuple items accessible as, Problem name_iterablemust, calling groupnames function
on, Discussion Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), Introduction , Introduction network ports, forwarding/redirecting, Forwarding and Redirecting Network Ports network programming, Introduction detectng inactive computers, Problem Dynamic IP protocol, Implementing the Dynamic IP Protocol messages, passing with socket datagrams, Problem networks, monitoring with HTTP, Problem __new__ method, Discussion new-style classes, Introduction __new__ staticmethod
method, Solution nlargest, Discussion NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol), Introduction , Introduction nobuffer method, Discussion NoNewAttrs class, Discussion nsmallest, Discussion Null Object Design Pattern, Problem numbers, converting to rationals, Problem O Object Request Brokers (ORBs), Introduction object-oriented design pattern, Introduction object-oriented programming (see OOP) objects checking for attributes, Problem code, pickling, Pickling Code Objects compressing generic, Problem copying, Problem deep copies, Discussion shallow copies, Discussion describing creation of, Introduction determining whether iterable, Discussion docstrings in, Discussion file (see file objects) in Python, Introduction lists of, sorting by object’s attribute, Problem making fast copy of, Problem mutating with shelve module, Problem referene cycles, Discussion state of, Problem synchyronizing methods in, Problem testing for string-like characteristics, Testing Whether an Object Is String-like with bound methods of other objects,
pickling, Problem ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), Introduction old-style classes, Introduction once method, overridden by Subclass, Introduction OOP (object-oriented programming), Solution , Introduction polymorphism as benefit of, Introduction Python implementation of, Introduction open, Introduction reading from files, Discussion Open Database Connectivity (see ODBC) Openldap C API, Discussion OpenOffice.org files, extracting text from, Extracting Text from OpenOffice.org Documents operations state-altering, checking objects for necessary
attributes, Problem trying special methods in specific order, Introduction operator module, Discussion , Discussion OPML (Outline Processor Markup Language), Problem files, Problem options, copying with geometry methods between Tkinter
widgets, Problem Oracle, Introduction ORBs (Object Request Brokers), Introduction os module, Solution , Introduction , Solution walking directory trees, Solution os.path module, Discussion Outline Processor Markup Language (OPML), Problem Outlook, reading contacts, Problem overriding methods, Introduction P p2exe, making Windows executables from scripts, Problem parameters, single passing style across DB API
modules, Problem parentheses, balanced, checking strings for, Problem parser generators, PLY, SPARK, and Other Python Parser Generators parser module, Solution parsing, Parsing text, Basic Textual Operations XML with MSHTML, Problem passwords random, Problem somewhat-random, Problem PB (Perspective Broker), Introduction PDF files, counting pages on Mac OS X, Counting Pages of PDF Documents on Mac OS X PEM (Privacy-enhanced Electronic Mail), Discussion percentage error, Discussion performance adding entries to dictionaries, Discussion algorithms and, Discussion big-O analysis and notation, Discussion comparing isorted function with sorted
function, Discussion comparing select method with sort method, Discussion dictionary unions/intersections, Solution enhancing, adding threads to Python programs, Introduction file-based transformations, Sources of Text invert_dict_fast versus invert_dict, Discussion multiple string pieces in sequences, Discussion multiprocess computing, Introduction search paths, changing, Problem sorting and, Introduction sorting by object attributes, Discussion persistence, Introduction compression with, Discussion Perspective Broker (PB), Introduction pickle module, Introduction , Introduction serializing data, Problem use cases for, Discussion , Problem (see also pickling) pickling code objects, Pickling Code Objects objects with bound methods, Problem PIL (Python Imaging Library), Solution plain text, Sources of Text converting to Unicode, Problem , Sources of Text (see also text) PLY parser generator, PLY, SPARK, and Other Python Parser Generators Pmw extension library, Introduction polymorphism as benefit of OOP, Introduction Python functions and, Discussion signature-based, Introduction pop method extracting subsets from dictionaries, Discussion getting values from dictionaries, Discussion POP servers, authenticating users, Problem POP3 mailbox, inspecting interactively, Problem popen module, processes, driving external, Problem popen2 module, capturing output and error
streams, Problem poplib module, Solution portability of code, Portability and Flexibility portalocker.py module, Discussion PostgreSQL, storing BLOBs in, Storing a BLOB in a PostgreSQL Database predicates, Discussion expanding list items, Solution prime numbers, computing, Problem print statement, Introduction printf function, Problem printing, database cursor content, Pretty-Printing the Contents of Database Cursors priority queue, Discussion PriorityQueue class, Discussion Privacy-enhanced Electronic Mail (PEM), Discussion processes, Introduction daemon, forking on Unix-like systems, Problem debugging threads in, Discussion external, driving with popen, Problem running on Unix-like systems, capturing output and
error streams, Problem processing international text with Unicode, Problem list items in random order, Problem text, Introduction non-ASCII, Problem words in files, Problem procmail, blocking duplicate email messages, Solution programming code, Introduction programming languages, state and behavior in, Introduction programs about programs, Introduction progress indicators, providing on text consoles, Problem progressbar class, Discussion properties, avoiding boilerplate accessors for, Problem property function, Solution proxies, special method delegation in, Problem proxy function, Discussion proxy, tunneling SSL through, Tunneling SSL Through a Proxy proxying, Discussion pseudo-files, getting/parsing contents of, Discussion psycopg module, Storing a BLOB in a PostgreSQL Database pty module, Introduction Py-DBAPI (Python DB Application Programming
Interface), Introduction PyGTK interface to GTK toolkit, Introduction PyGUI API, Introduction PyQt, combining GUIs and asynchronous I/O with
threads, Discussion Pyrex, building C extensions, Problem pysqlite module, Discussion Python as adding machine, Problem benefits of simplicity, Introduction coding extensions in C, Introduction distributions, ActivePython, Discussion extending/embedding, Introduction interface for accessing relational databases, Introduction alternatives to, Introduction multithreaded programming, Introduction adding threads to programs, Introduction , Introduction (see also multithreaded programming) OOP features in, Introduction power tools, Descriptors printf C function in, Problem programming shortcuts, Introduction source code, converting into HTML markup, Problem support for multiple paradigns, Introduction tree of objects, converting XML document into, Converting an XML Document into a Tree of Python Objects , Discussion (see also Python 2.3 Python 2.4) Python 2.3 accessing decimal module, Discussion interpolating variables in strings, Interpolating Variables in a String string alignment, padding character in, Discussion , Discussion (see also Python) Python 2.4 doctest module, using with unittest, Problem DSU support, Discussion email messages in, Fixing Messages Parsed by Python 2.4 email.FeedParser email parser in, Discussion generator expressions, Discussion interpolating variables in strings, Interpolating Variables in a String string alignment, padding character in, Discussion , Discussion (see also Python) Python Database Row Module (db_row), Discussion Python DB Application Programming Interface, Introduction Python Imaging Library (PIL), Solution Pythonwin toolkit, Introduction PyWin32 package, Discussion , Introduction PyXML package, Introduction R race conditions, Discussion random module, items with given probabilities, Solution Rankine temperature, converting to other scales, Problem raw_input function, Introduction re module finding subsequences, Solution replacing multiple patterns in strings, Discussion string processing, String Basics Reactor Design Pattern, Discussion read method, File Basics , Problem objects pickled to file, returning, Discussion reading from files, Discussion reading data from zip files, Problem data/text in files, Solution Microsoft Outlook contacts, Problem text files, specific line in, Problem unbuffered characters from standard input, Problem readLines method, File Basics , Discussion ref class, Discussion reference cycles, Discussion referenceError exception, Discussion registry, system administration, Introduction regular expressions expanding/compressing tabs in strings, Discussion substring substitutions, Problem relational databases, Introduction enterprise software-engineering three-tier
system, Introduction hybrid approaches to, Introduction implementations from major software vendors, Introduction implentations of, with ODBC interface, Introduction inappropriate for some applications, Introduction saving/retrieving data with support for
selecting/searching, Discussion relative paths, computing, Problem Remote Procedure Call (RPC), Introduction repeat method, inherited by Subclass from Behave
superclass, Introduction replace method, Discussion , Solution __repr__ method, Discussion resource module, Discussion rfc822 module, Solution ring buffers, Implementing a Ring Buffer rjust method (string objects), Solution rotating calipers algorithm, Solution RPC (Remote Procedure Call), Introduction rrule.count method, Solution rstrip method, Solution run method, overriding, Introduction S s.isdigit method, String Basics s.toupper method, String Basics samplesort algorithm, A Short History of Python Sorting sanitise function, Discussion SAX API (XML parser), Introduction SAX API, checking XML well-formedness, Problem SAX parser, merging continuous text events with, Problem scalars, Problem sched module, command scheduling, Solution Schwartzian Transform, Discussion scripts in Windows, running one instance of, Problem spawning editors from, Problem search paths dynamically changing, Problem finding files in directories, Problem searching for items in sorted sequence, Discussion searching/replacing text in files, Searching and Replacing Text in a File using dictionaries for, Introduction Secure Shell (see SSH) Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Tunneling SSL Through a Proxy Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security
(SSL/TLS), Discussion security, multithreaded programming, Introduction seek method, File Basics random-access files, Discussion select method, Discussion select module, Introduction capturing output and error streams from Unix shell
command, Problem selecting, Introduction self.something syntax, Introduction sequences, Discussion accessing item-by-item, Problem adding items to while preserving sortedness, Problem finding subsequences in, Problem flexible access to, Problem items in getting first smallest, Problem selecting nth smallest, Problem lexicographical comparison of, Introduction looping over items in, Problem nested, flattening, Problem performing membership tests on, Problem removing duplicates from, Problem sorted, searching for items in, Discussion translating into C array, Problem serializing code objects with sincemarshal, Discussion serializing data marshal module, Problem pickle and cPickle modules, Problem servers, LDAP, Problem serve_forever method, Discussion servlets, coding with Jython, Problem Set data type, Discussion set method, Discussion __setattr__ method, Solution , Discussion attribute settings, Discussion setdefault method adding entries to dictionaries, Solution setdefault method, adding entries to
dictionaries, Problem sets module, Discussion , Discussion finding sets/unions of dictionaries, Solution __setstate__ method, Discussion shebang (#!), Discussion shelve module, mutating objects with, Problem shortcuts in Python, Introduction signatures, methods with same, Introduction Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Introduction Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Introduction SimpleXMLRPCServer class, Problem SimpleXMLRPCServer module, Introduction , Problem , Problem Simplified Network Time Protocol (SNTP), Problem sincemarshal module, Discussion Singleton Design Pattern, Introduction , Problem alternative to, Borg, Singleton, or neither? avoiding with Borg class, Problem Singletons, Discussion slash (/), File Basics __slots__ method restricting
attribute setting, Discussion SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), Introduction snapshot method, Discussion SNTP (Simplified Network Time Protocol), Problem SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), Introduction socket module, Introduction , Introduction sort method, Introduction , Introduction , Introduction , Discussion lists of strings, Discussion sorted function, Discussion , Discussion sorting, Introduction current state of, Current Sorting dictionaries, Problem history of, in Python, A Short History of Python Sorting keys/indices based on corresponding values, Problem list of strings ignoring case, Sorting a List of Strings Case-Insensitively lists of objects by object’s attribute, Problem names and separating them by initials, Problem strings with embedded numbers, Problem _sortkeyfunc
function, Discussion sound system, on Windows, checking, Problem SPARK parser generator, PLY, SPARK, and Other Python Parser Generators special methods class definitions, Introduction delegating in proxies, Problem operations/built-in functions trying in specific
order, Introduction split method, Discussion processing words in files, Discussion reading from files, Discussion splitext function, Discussion splitlines method, Discussion reading from files, Discussion SQL as emerging database interface standard, Introduction databases, XML representations stored in, Introduction implentations of, Introduction SQLite, Introduction storing BLOBs in, Problem sqlite.encode, inserting BLOBs in SQLite
databases, Problem SSH (Secure Shell), Discussion performing remote logins using, Problem SSL (Secure Socket Layer), tunneling through
proxy, Tunneling SSL Through a Proxy SSL clients, authenticating over HTTPS, Problem SSL/TLS (Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer
Security), Discussion standard input, reading unbuffered characters, Problem standard output printing Unicode to, Printing Unicode Charactersto Standard Output using printf to output to, Problem start method, Introduction , Introduction State Design Pattern, Problem stopwatch, implementing in Tkinter, Problem Strategy Design Pattern, Discussion streams, capturing from Unix shell command, Problem strftime function, The time Module string module, String Basics string filtering, Discussion string-formatting operator (%), String Basics , Solution , Discussion StringIO module, Portability and Flexibility , Discussion strings aligning, Solution checking for balanced parentheses, Problem extracting bytes from, Solution removing whitespace from, Discussion sorting while ignoring case, Sorting a List of Strings Case-Insensitively verifying valid numeric format, Problem with embedding numbers, sorting, Problem zip files in, Problem , Aligning Strings (see also text strings) strip method, Solution strptime function, The time Module strset.translate, Discussion struct module, Introduction sub method, string substitutions, Solution Subclass class, Introduction subclass method, Introduction subclass methods, Introduction subclassing, Introduction Singletons and, Discussion substitute method, Discussion substrings, accessing, Problem sum function, Solution summing numbers with accuracy, Problem super methods performing superclass delegation, Introduction superclass methods, Introduction superclasses calling __init__ method
for, Calling a Superclass _ _init_ _ Method If It Exists delegation of, Introduction using cooperative, Problem SuperMixin class, Discussion superTuple function, Discussion __slots__ function, Discussion SWIG modules, using in multithreaded
environment, Problem Swing, viewing image from URL with, Problem Sybase, Introduction synchronizing methods in objects, Problem system administration, Introduction system_profiler command (Mac OS X), Solution T tabs in strings, expanding/compressing, Expanding and Compressing Tabs tar files, compressed, archiving files into, Archiving a Tree of Files into a Compressed tar File tarfile module, Solution tasks, automatic, checking/modifying on Windows, Problem tell method, File Basics rewinding input files, Discussion Telnet, performing remote logins using, Problem temperature scales, converting among, Problem tempfile module, Solution Template Method Design Pattern, Discussion , Introduction queuing, Discussion termios module, Discussion ternary operator, Problem testing, Introduction CGI, Problem exception handling, Problem objects for string-like characteristics, Testing Whether an Object Is String-like unit tests checking values against, Problem running automatically, Problem running simply, Problem TestThread class, Discussion text, What Is Text? converting HTML documents to, on Unix, Problem extracting from OpenOffice.org files, Extracting Text from OpenOffice.org Documents from Word files, Problem parsing, Basic Textual Operations processing (see text processing) reading from files, Solution searching/replacing in files, Searching and Replacing Text in a File sources of, Sources of Text strings (see text strings) text consoles, providing progress indicators, Problem text editors, spawning from scripts, Problem text processing, Introduction basic operations, Basic Textual Operations by characters, text strings, Processing a String One Character at a Time converting characters to Unicode, Problem , String Basics (see also text text strings) text strings, String Basics aligning, Aligning Strings case-insensitive, Making Some Strings Case-Insensitive changing indentation of, Problem checking contents of, Problem endings of, Checking a String for Any of Multiple Endings for set of characters, Checking Whether a String Contains a Set of Characters converting between Unicode and plain, Problem to lowercase/uppercase, Controlling Case expanding/compressing tabs in, Expanding and Compressing Tabs filtering for set of characters, Filtering a String for a Set of Characters interpolating variables in, Interpolating Variables in a String performing substitutions on, Replacing Multiple Patterns in a Single Pass processing by character, Processing a String One Character at a Time reversing by words or character, Reversing a String by Words or Characters substrings (see substrings) testing for string-like characteristics, Testing Whether an Object Is String-like translate method, simplifying usage of, Problem trimming space from ends of, Problem textHandler class, Discussion theobject.something syntax, Introduction There’s More Than One Way To Do It (TMTOWIDI), Introduction Thread class, Introduction thread module, Introduction thread pools, Problem threading module, Introduction synchronization constructs in, Introduction threads, Introduction , Introduction adding to Python programs to enhance
performance, Introduction allocating per-thread storage, Problem combining GUIs and asynchronous I/O with, Problem communicating among via Queue class, Problem communicating with, Erland’s approach to, Discussion coordinating by message passing, Problem daemon, Introduction GIL, adding to Python programs, Introduction locking, Introduction multiple, reducing data structures accessed
by, Introduction multitasking without, Problem synchronizing, Problem terminating, Problem time (see date/time) time module, The time Module timedelta module (datetime), Solution , Solution timedelta module, calculating dates, Discussion timeit module, Discussion measuring performance with, Discussion Tix extension library, Introduction Tkinter application using IDLE tree widget in, Problem Tkinter applications implementing tabbed notebook for, Problem Tkinter toolkit adding drag-and-drop reordering to listbox, Problem as GUI toolkit, Introduction implementing stopwatch in, Problem Tkinter widgets copying geometry methods/options between, Problem embedding inline GIFs using, Problem entering accented characters in, Entering Accented Characters in Tkinter Widgets supporting multiple values per row in
listbox, Problem tkSimpleDialog functions, using default values/bounds
with, Problem TMTOWTDI (There’s More Than One Way To Do It), Introduction tokens, Lexing merging/splitting, Problem toy programs, Introduction traceback module, Solution traceback.print_exc function, Discussion tracebacks getting information from while debugging, Getting More Information from Tracebacks translate method, Discussion , Discussion , Problem simplifying usage of, Problem string filtering, Discussion try/except statement, using inside expressions, Solution TTY functions, Introduction tty module, Discussion TtyFormatter class, Discussion tuples, implementing with named items, Implementing Tuples with Named Items Twisted, Introduction two-dimensional points, computing convex hull and
diameter, Problem type checking, Discussion TypeError exception, raised by
inspect.getargspec, Discussion U UDP (user datagram protocol), Problem unbound methods, Discussion underscore (_), Discussion Unicode, Sources of Text converting characters to, Problem to plain text, Problem encoding error handling in, Solution for XML/HTML, Problem international text processing, Problem printing to standard output, Printing Unicode Charactersto Standard Output uniform function, Solution , Discussion unit testing, Introduction unit tests checking values against intervals, Problem running automatically, Problem running simply, Problem using doctest with unittest in Python 2.4, Problem unittest module using with doctest in Python 2.4, Problem Unix converting HTML documents to text on Unix, Problem line-termination characters, Discussion making executables from scripts, Problem , Discussion (see also Unix-like systems) Unix-like systems forking daemon processes on, Problem wrapper, Introduction unpacking assignment, Problem updating random-access files, Problem upgrading class instances on reload, Problem upleDescriptor class, Discussion upper method, Solution urllib module, Introduction urllib2 module, Introduction urlopen function, Problem URLs getting document from, on Web, Grabbing a Document from the Web handling in CGI scripts, Problem viewing image from, with Swing and Jython, Problem user accounts, assigning random passwords, Solution user datagram protocol (UDP), Problem user input, getting on Mac OS, Problem user interfaces, Introduction W WCK (Widget Construction Kit), Introduction weak references, Solution to bound methods, Discussion weakref module, Solution , Discussion , Discussion Web getting document from URL on, Grabbing a Document from the Web web pages, handling cookies while fetching, Problem Web programming, Introduction web servers, Introduction WebWare, Introduction whitelists, Problem whitespace, removing from strings, Discussion Widget Construction Kit (WCK), Introduction Win32 API, multithreading, Discussion Win32 applications message processing with
MsgWaitForMultipleObjects, Problem win32api module, Solution win32com package, Solution Windows applications message loops, Solution changing file attributes, Changing File Attributes on Windows creating share on, Problem line-termination characters, Discussion login, checking/modifying automatic tasks run
at, Problem making executables with p2exe from scripts, Problem registering/unregistering DLLs on, Problem sound system on, checking, Problem standard output, sending binary data to, Problem system administration, Introduction using MSHTML to parse XML, Problem Windows DLLs, calling functions from, Problem Windows registry, system administration, Introduction _winreg module, Introduction , Discussion winsound module, Solution wrapper, Introduction write method, Basic Textual Operations writing to files, File Basics writelines method, writing to files, Solution writestr method, reading data from zip files, Discussion writing callback functions, avoiding lambda in, Problem to files, Problem wxPython toolkit, Introduction designing notebook widget with panels, Problem wxWidgets C++ library, Introduction X xdrlib module, Introduction XML accessing structural data in human-readable
form, Introduction encoding Unicode for, Problem using MSHTML to parse, Problem XML documents converting into tree of Python objects, Converting an XML Document into a Tree of Python Objects counting tags in, Problem extracting text from, Problem validating, Problem XML processing, Introduction autodetecting XML encoding, Problem checking XML well-formedness, Problem eror handling in, Solution filtering elements/attributes of namespace, Problem parsing Microsoft Excel XML, Problem removing whitespace-only text nodes from DOM node
subtree, Removing Whitespace-only Text Nodes from an XML DOM Node’s
Subtree XML tags, counting number of ÒelementÓs in XML
document, Problem XML validation, Discussion XML-RPC, Introduction , Introduction enabling remote termination, Problem method calls to, Making an XML-RPC Method Call serving requests to, Problem using with Medusa, Problem xml.sax.saxutils module, Solution XMLFilterBase class, Solution XMLGenerator class, Discussion xmlrpclib module, Introduction xproperty function, Discussion
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