INDEX
Numbers
1G (First-Generation), 57, 118, 697, see Cellular system
1-persistent CSMA, 49, see Carrier Sense Multiple Access
1xEvolution-Data Only-High Data Rate (1xEVDO-HDR), 715, see Unified Cellular and Ad hoc Network
2G (Second-Generation), 57, 119, 697, see Cellular system
3G (Third-Generation), 57, 125, 697, see Cellular system
4G (Fourth-Generation), 58, 127, see Cellular system
10Base2, 52
10Base5, 52
10Base-F, 52
10Base-T, 52
100Base-F, 52
100Base-T4, 52
100Base-TX, 52
1000Base-CX, 52
1000Base-LX, 52
1000Base-SX, 52
1000Base-T, 52
802.1 (internetworking), 46
802.2 (logical link control), 46
802.3 (Ethernet or CSMA/CD), 46, 51
802.4 (token bus LAN), 46
802.5 (token ring LAN), 46, 47
802.6 (MAN), 46
802.7 (broadband LAN), 46
802.8 (fiber optic LAN and MAN), 46
802.9 (integrated voice/data services LAN and MAN), 46
802.10 (security in LAN and MAN), 46
802.11a/b/g, 56, 515, 805, see Multimode 802.11
802.11e, 56, 515, 805, see QoS MAC protocols
802.11phone, 811, see Meghadoot architecture
802.12 (demand priority access LAN), 46
802.15 (wireless PAN), 46
802.16 (broadband wireless MAN), 46, 141
A
Acknowledgment (ACK, Ack), 73, 234, 236, 455, 516, see Signaling packets
Adaptive data rate control, 231
Adaptive equalization, 10
Adaptive frame alignment, 120
Adaptive modulation, 9
Adaptive shared-tree multicast routing protocol, 410, see Multicast routing protocols
Adaptive Transmission Rate Control (ARC), 668
Addressing, 214
Address mobility, 156, see Mobile IP
Ad hoc local area network, 66, see Wireless Local Area Network
Ad hoc Multicast Routing (AMRoute), 406, see Multicast routing protocols
Ad hoc Multicast Routing Protocol Utilizing Increasing Id-numbers (AMRIS), 403, see Multicast routing protocols
Ad hoc Network Design Algorithm (ANDA), 626, 640, see Transmission power management
Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), 320, 535, see Routing protocols
Ad hoc Relaying Station (ARS), 703
Ad hoc routing zone, 810, see Meghadoot architecture
Ad hoc TCP (ATCP), 466, see Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks
Ad hoc Transport Protocol (ATP), 473, see Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks
Ad hoc wireless Internet, 220
Ad hoc wireless network, 58, 193, 196
Adjacent channel interference, 9, 111
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), 629, 640, see Transmission power management
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), 118, see Cellular system
Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET), 39
Amplitude Modulation (AM), 12, see Modulation
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), 14, see Modulation
omnidirectional, 112, 246, 275
sectorized, 112
Antenna gain, 7
Application Controlled Transport Protocol (ACTP), 471, see Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks
Applications of sensor networks, 648
Arbitration IFS (AIFS), 518, see Inter-Frame Spacing
Association, 67
Associativity-Based Ad hoc Multicast Routing (ABAM), 386, see Multicast routing protocols
Associativity-Based Routing (ABR), 328, 464, 466, see Routing protocols
Asymmetric key, 485
private key, 485
public key, 485
Asymmetric key algorithm, 483, 485
Asynchronous MAC protocol, 233, 267
Asynchronous QoS Routing (AQR), 548, see QoS routing protocols
Asynchronous slot allocation strategies, 546
EFR, 549
k-HHR, 551
MBR, 549
PHR, 550
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), 41, 80, 133, see Computer network model
Atomic multi-lateration, 669
Attacks on sensor networks, 683
hello flood attack, 684
selective forwarding, 683
spoofing, 683
sybil attack, 683
wormhole attack, 683
Attenuation, 6
Authenticated Routing for Ad hoc Networks (ARAN), 494, see Secure routing protocols
B
Back-off, 234, 456, 515, 601, 633, see Binary Exponential Back-off
Bandwidth-Conscious MNs, 789, see Interoperability of Wi-Fi systems and WWANs
Bandwidth Efficient Multicast Routing Protocol (BEMRP), 376, see Multicast routing protocols
Bandwidth Routing protocol (BR), 537, see QoS routing protocols
Base-Assisted Ad hoc Routing (BAAR), 723, see Routing protocols for hybrid wireless networks
Base-driven Multi-hop Bridging Protocol (BMBP), 726, see Routing protocols for hybrid wireless networks
messages, 727
procedures, 728
Base Station (BS), 109, 650, 698, 787
Base Station Supported Reconfiguration (BSR), 762, 763, see Load balancing in hybrid wireless networks
Base Transceiver Station (BTS), 128
BASIC, 287, see Power control MAC
Basic Service Area (BSA), 67
Basic Service Set (BSS), 6
Battery, 585
heterogeneous, 598
Battery-Aware MAC (BAMAC), 599, 600, 639, see Battery management
BAMAC(k), 602
Battery-aware task schedule, 592
nominal, 590
rated, 596
standard, 590
theoretical, 590
Battery-driven system, 587
Battery Energy-Efficient routing (BEE), 604, 640, see Battery management
Battery management, 585, 587, see Energy management
BAMAC(k) protocol, 602
battery scheduling techniques, 596, 638
BEE routing protocol, 604, 640
energy conserving routing based on battery status, 605
lazy packet scheduling, 599
modeling and shaping of battery discharge pattern, 593, 638
traffic shaping schemes, 603, 640
Battery models, 592
analytical, 592
electric circuit, 592
electrochemical, 592
stochastic, 592
Battery power, 585
Battery scheduling, 593, 638, see Battery management
round robin technique, 597, 601, 638
Battery technologies, 589
Beacon, 77
Beauty contest, 5, see Comparative bidding
Biconnected Augmentation Min-max Power (BAMP), 613
Billing Agency (BA), 791
associated, 792
billing free service model, 792
independent, 792
integrated, 792
models, 792
revenue-sharing-based, 792
Billing agency models, 792, see Billing Agency
Billing schemes for Wi-Fi system, 786
billing agency, 786
flat-rate based pricing, 786, 791, 794
volume-based pricing, 786, 791, 794
Binary Exponential Back-off (BEB), 54, 234, 633
Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK), 16, see Modulation
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), 17, see Modulation
Binary scheme, 664
Bit rate, 520
CBR, 520
VBR, 520
802.15.1, 89
communication, 92
L2CAP, 97
middleware, 97
operational states, 91
physical layer, 90
piconet, 91
power management, 96
profiles, 98
protocol stack, 90
scatternet, 95
security, 96
specifications, 89
Breach path, 672
Broadband, 80
Broadband Radio Access Network (BRAN), 80
Broadband wireless access, 133
LMDS, 133
MMDS, 133
Broadcast Incremental Power (BIP) algorithm, 429
Broadcast Least Unicast (BLU) algorithm, 429
Broadcast Link-Based Minimum Spanning Tree (BLIMST) algorithm, 429
Broadcast-multicast scheme, 376
directional, 278
Busy Tone Multiple Access (BTMA), 240, see Medium access control protocols
Byzantine failure, 478
C
Cache poison, 496
Care of Address (COA), 160
Carrier-sense, 234, see Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), 49, 234, 286
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), 71, 515
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), 50
cdma2000, 125, see Cellular system
cdmaOne, 124, see Cellular system
cdmaTwo, 125, see Cellular system
Cell (battery), 589, see Electrochemical cell
capacity, 590, see Battery capacity
Cell (network), 109, see Cellular architecture
Cellular architecture, 116
cell, 109
cell-splitting, 111
channel allocation, 113
cluster, 109
frequency reuse, 109
handoff, 114
HLR, 117
location management, 117
macro-cell, 111
micro-cell, 111
near-far problem, 113
pico-cell, 111
power control, 113
reuse distance, 110
sectorization, 112
user profile, 117
VLR, 117
Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), 124
CellularIP, 168
Cellular network, 109, 193, 196, see Cellular architecture
capacity, 111
Cellular system, 118
first-generation (1G), 118, 119
AMPS, 118
fourth-generation (4G), 127
second-generation (2G), 119
cdmaOne, 124
cdmaTwo, 125
DAMPS+, 124
GSM, 119
IS-54, 124
IS-95, 124
IS-95a, 124
IS-95b, 125
IS-136, 124
PDC, 119
third-generation (3G), 125
cdma2000, 125
IMT-2000, 126
UMTS, 126
UWC-136, 125
Certificate graph, 489
Certifying Authority (CA), 48
Chain-based three-level scheme, 664
Channel allocation algorithm, 113, see Cellular architecture
Channel capture effect, 468
Channel coding, 29
Channel locking, 114
Chipping code, 24
Cipher, 484
block, 484
ciphertext, 483
stream, 484
transposition, 484
Vernam, 485
Clash, 574
Clear Channel Assessment (CCA), 70
Clear-To-Send (CTS), 74, 234, 236, 516, see Signaling packets
Cluster, 109, 110, see Cellular architecture
Clustered architecture, 653
Cluster-head Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR), 314
CLUSTERPOW, 618, see Transmission power management
Cluster TDMA, 513, see Time Division Multiple Access
Co-channel interference, 9, 110
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), 22, 127, 286, 514, see Multiple access
Collaborative multi-lateration, 669
Collision, 228, see Hidden terminal
Collision Avoidance Time Allocation (CATA), 250, see Medium access control protocols
Common Power Protocol (COMPOW), 615, 640, see Transmission power management
Compact Hypertext Markup Language (cHTML), 182, see i-mode
Comparative bidding, 5
Comparison of sensor and ad hoc wireless networks, 648
Complementary Code Keying (CCK), 24
Computer network model (architecture), 36
ATM, 41
OSI, 36
TCP/IP, 39
broadcast, 34
LAN, 34
MAN, 34
PAN, 63
peer-to-peer, 34
point-to-point, 34
WAN, 35
Conditional Min-Max Battery Cost Routing (CMMBCR), see Globalized power-aware routing
Congestion, 238, see Transmission Control Protocol
control, 158, 172, 452, 453, 455, 469, 629
Congestion control and transmission policies, 628, 640, see Transmission power management
Connected Min-max Power (CMP), 613
Connectionless protocol, 40, see User Datagram Protocol
Connection-oriented protocol, 40, see Transmission Control Protocol
Constant Bit Rate (CBR), 44, 520, see Bit rate
Constellation pattern, 18, see Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
Content-based multicast, 439
Contention-based MAC protocol, 231, 233, see Medium access control protocols
Contention-based reservation MAC protocols, 231, 233, 248, see Medium access control protocols
Contention-based scheduling MAC protocols, 231, 233, 267, see Medium access control protocols
Contention Window (CW), 72, 275, 515
Continuous Time Markovian Decision Process (CTMDP), 598
Convolutional code, 31
Core Assisted Mesh Protocol (CAMP), 424, see Multicast routing protocols
Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing (CEDAR), 336, see Routing protocols
Core resolution algorithm, 407
Core-to-group Address Mapping (CAM), 425
Cost-conscious MNs, 790, see Interoperability of Wi-Fi systems and WWANs
Cost field approach, 661
Coverage of sensor network, 671
best-case coverage, 671
worst-case coverage, 671
CPU power consumption, 636, see Device power management
Critical transmission range, 626, see Transmission power management
Crossover-time, 571
crossover-time-in, 571
crossover-time-out, 571
Cryptography, 483
encryption, 483
decryption, 483
CSMA-based MAC protocols for sensor networks, 66
Cycle-Based 802.11phone (CB8) charger, 812
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), 31
D
DATA (Data), 75, 234, 236, 516, 600, see Signaling packets
Data-centric routing, 660
Data delivery, 69
Data dissemination, 655
cost field approach, 661
directed diffusion, 659
flooding, 656
GHT, 662
gossiping, 656
rumor routing, 656
sequential assignment routing, 657
SMECN, 663
SPIN, 660
Data encryption, 476
Data fusion, 675
Data gathering, 663
binary scheme, 664
chain-based three-level scheme, 664
direct transmission, 664
PEGASIS, 664
Data Link Layer (DLL), 47
logical link control, 47
medium access control, 48
Data over voice, 122
DCF IFS (DIFS), 264, 515, see Inter-Frame Spacing
DCF Inter-Frame Spacing (DIFS), 71
Deauthentication, 69
Decryption, 483, see Cryptography
Delaunay triangulation, 672
Delay spread, 8
Denial of Service (DoS), 481
Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing (DSDV), 264, 308, 492, see Routing protocols
DSDV-SQ, 493
Destination Sequenced Distance Vector-Sequence Numbers (DSDV-SQ), 493, see Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing
Device power management, 587, see System power management
CPU power consumption, 636
HDD power consumption, 637
low-power design of hardware, 635
power-aware CPU scheduling, 637
Device tamper, 483
Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying (DBPSK), 17, see Modulation
Differential Destination Multicast Routing (DDM), see Multicast routing protocols
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK), 17, see Modulation
Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK), 17, see Modulation
Differentiated service, 45
Diffie-Hellman exchange, 487
Diffraction, 6
Diffusion, 591
Digital-AMPS (DAMPS), 119, 124, see Cellular system
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), 130
Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL), 128
Directed diffusion, 659
Directionality-based localization, 669
Directional MAC protocol, 275, 282, see Medium access control protocols
Directional Throughput-Enhanced Wireless in Local Loop (DWiLL), 698, 714
Direct neighbors, 627
direct neighbor graph, 628
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), 24
Direct transmission, 664
Disassociation, 67
Discharge current ratio, 596
Discrete-time Markov process, 593
Distance vector routing, 493
Distributed Bandwidth Allocation/Sharing/Extension (DBASE), 520, see QoS MAC protocols
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), 71, 452, 512, 515
VDCF, 517
Distributed DoS (DDoS), 482
Distributed Hash Table (DHT), 662
Distributed Laxity-based Priority Scheduling (DLPS), 272, see Medium access control protocols
Distributed Packet Reservation Multiple Access (D-PRMA), 248, see Medium access control protocols
Distributed power adjustment, 608, see Transmission power management
Distributed power aware multicast routing protocol, 431
Distributed power control loop, 608, 610, see Transmission power management
Distributed Priority Scheduling (DPS), 267, see Medium access control protocols
Distributed TDMA receiver oriented channel assignment, 652
Distributed Wireless Ordering Protocol (DWOP), 270, see Medium access control protocols
Distribution, 68
Distribution System (DS), 67
Diversity mechanism, 9
Dominating set, 336, see Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing
Doppler shift, 10
Dual Busy Tone Multiple Access (DBTMA), 241, see Medium access control protocols
Dwell time, 116
DWiLL Routing Protocol (DRP), 733, see Routing protocols for hybrid wireless networks
forward simplex path, 734
MCG, 733
reverse simplex path, 734
SCG, 733
Dynamic Core-based Multicast Routing Protocol (DCMP), 417, see Multicast routing protocols
Dynamic Power Management (DPM), 676
Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), 317, 463, 494, 810, see Routing protocols
optimizations, 318
Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS), 677
E
Early Fit Reservation (EFR), 549, see Asynchronous slot allocation strategies
Eavesdrop And Register (EAR), 667
Electrochemical cell, 589
Electromagnetic spectrum, 2
allocation, 5
Elimination Yield Non-Preemptive Multiple Access (EY-NPMA), 82, see High-Performance Radio LAN/1
Encapsulation, 160
Encryption, 483, see Cryptography
End-to-End and Retransmit Attempts Scheme of Reimbursement (ERSR), 748
End-to-End Successful Transmission Reimbursement Scheme (EESR), 747
Energy conserving routing based on battery status, 605, see Battery management
Energy density, 589
Energy efficiency, 585, 587, 596
Energy-efficient cluster adaptation, 432
Energy-efficient design of sensor networks, 676
Energy-efficient multicasting, 429
Energy-Efficient Multicast Routing Protocol (E2MRP), 431, see Multicast routing protocols
Energy-efficient reliable broadcast and multicast protocols, 429
system power management, 585, 587
transmission power management, 585, 587
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), 124
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), 80
Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport (ESRT), 682, see Transport protocols for sensor networks
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), 466, 467
Explicit Loss Notification (ELN), 176
Exposed terminal, 205, 228, 291
Exposure, 673
MEP, 674
target detection, 675
Extended DCF (EDCF), 513, see Distributed Coordination Function
Extended IFS (EIFS), 515, see Inter-Frame Spacing
Extended Inter-Frame Spacing (EIFS), 71
Extended NAV (E-NAV), 292
Extended Service Set (ESS), 67
Extendible Authentication Protocol (EAP), 785, see Wi-Fi systems
F
Fading, 8
fast (small-scale) fading, 8
shadow fading, 9
slow (large-scale) fading, 8
FAMA-Non-persistent Transmit Request (FAMA-NTR), 240, see Medium access control protocols
Fast retransmit scheme, 45
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), 34
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 39, 455
Firewall, 477
First-available channel allocation policy, 701
First-In-First-Out (FIFO), 270
Fisheye State Routing (FSR), 355, see Routing protocols
Five-Phase Reservation Protocol (FPRP), 257, see Medium access control protocols
Fixed Subscriber Unit (FSU), 128, 709
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), 128, see Wireless in Local Loop
Flooding, 656
Floor Acquisition Multiple Access (FAMA), 239, see Medium access control protocols
Flow control, 172, see Transmission Control Protocol
Flow Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP), 333, see Routing protocols
Foreign Agent (FA), 159
Foreign network, 159
Forward Error Correction (FEC), 121, 173
Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol (FGMP), 420, see Multicast routing protocols
Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol-Receiver Advertising (FGMP-RA), 420
Fragmentation, 76
Frame, 120
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), 21, 249, see Multiple access
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), 20, 286, see Multiple access
Frequency hopping, 23
Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), 23, 252
Frequency Modulation (FM), 12, see Modulation
Frequency reuse, 109, see Cellular architecture
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), 15, see Modulation
G
Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK), 16, see Modulation
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), 16, see Modulation
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), 123
Geographic Hash Table (GHT), 662
Glitch-conscious MNs, 791, see Interoperability of Wi-Fi systems and WWANs
Globalized power-aware routing, 618, see Transmission power management
minimum energy disjoint path, 622
minimum variance in node power levels, 619, 640
Global Positioning System (GPS), 132, 280, 532, 622
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), 119, see Cellular system
Gossiping, 656
Gradient, 659
Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), 662
Ground wave, 4
Guard band, 10, 20, see Frequency Division Multiple Access
Guard interval, 22, see Time Division Multiple Access
H
Hamming code, 30
Hamming distance, 30
Handoff, 114
hard, 115
soft, 116
Handoff Aware Wireless Access Internet Infrastructure (HAWAII), 168
Hard handoff, 115
Hash function, 493
one-way hash function, 493
HDD power consumption, 637, see Device power management
optimal-optimal, 637
predictive-predictive, 638
spin-up/spin-down, 637
threshold-demand, 638
Head-of-line packet, 257, 268, 272
Hello flood attack, 684, see Attacks on sensor networks
Hidden terminal, 74, 205, 228, 263, 516
Hierarchical State Routing (HSR), 352, see Routing protocols
High-Performance Radio LAN (HIPERLAN), 80
HIPERACCESS, 80
HIPERLINK, 80
High-Performance Radio LAN/1 (HIPERLAN/1), 80, 81
channel access control, 81, 82
data link layer, 81
EY-NPMA, 82
physical layer, 82
power conservation, 84
High-Performance Radio LAN/2 (HIPERLAN/2), 80, 85, 103, 134
dynamic frequency selection, 88
error control, 88
handoff, 88
link adaptation, 86
medium access control, 88
physical layer, 86
power saving, 88
security, 88
High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), 123
convergence layer, 146
data link layer, 146
physical layer, 145
Home Agent (HA), 160
Home Location Register (HLR), 117, see Cellular architecture
Home network, 159
medium access control, 100
network, 100
security, 101
version 2.0, 101
Hop-by-Hop and Retransmit Attempts Scheme for Reimbursement (HRSR), 749
Hop-by-Hop Successful Delivery Reimbursement (HHSR), 748
Hop Reservation Multiple Access Protocol (HRMA), 252, see Medium access control protocols
Hotspot, 111
Hybrid Approach Gateway (HAG), 760
Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF), 515, 518, 519
Hybrid routing protocol, 306, 336, see Routing protocols
Hybrid TDMA/FDMA, 667, see MAC protocols for sensor networks
Hybrid Wireless Network (HWN), 698, 705, see Next generation hybrid wireless networks
Hybrid wireless network, 202
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), 180
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 39, 158, 180, 183, 455
I
ad hoc mode, 69
BSA, 67
BSS, 67
DS, 67
ESS, 67
IBSS, 67
infrastructure mode, 69
medium access control, 70
network, 67
physical layer, 69
portal, 67
services, 67
standard, 69
IEEE 802.11a/b/g, 805, see Multimode 802.11
IEEE 802.11g, 103
data link layer, 143
physical layer, 142
IEEE 802 standard, 46, see 802.1-802.16
Impersonation, 482
Implosion, 656
Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), 67, see Ad hoc local area network
Indirect TCP (ITCP), 175, see Transmission Control Protocol over wireless
Indoor localization, 668
Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM), 5, 65
Infrared communication, 800
diffusion-based transmission, 800
directed transmission, 800
Infrared Data Association (IrDA) 64, 101
Infrared technology, 101
Infrared wave, 4
Infrastructure-Based Ad hoc Routing (IBAR), 810, see Meghadoot architecture
Infrastructureless network, 193, see Ad hoc wireless network
Infrastructure network, 66, see Wireless Local Area Network
INORA, 562, see QoS frameworks
INSIGNIA, 557, see QoS frameworks
Integrated Cellular Ad hoc Relaying System (iCAR), 698, 703
ARS, 703
cascaded relaying, 705
primary relaying, 703
secondary relaying, 703
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 128
Integration, 68
Interest propagation, 659
Interface Data Unit (IDU), 35
Interference, 9
adjacent channel, 9
co-channel, 9
inter-symbol, 10
multiuser, 10
narrow-band, 10
AIFS, 518
EIFS, 515
LIFS, 286
PIFS, 515
Interim Standard (IS)-54, 124, see Cellular system
Interim Standard (IS)-95, 124, see Cellular system
Interim Standard (IS)-136, 124, see Cellular system
Interleaved Carrier-Sense Multiple Access (ICSMA), 291, see Medium access control protocols
International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2000, 126, see Cellular system
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 36
International Telecommunications Union (ITU), 2
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), 463
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 192
Internet Protocol (IP), 40, 156, 466
Internet Protocol (IP) for wireless domain, 167
CellularIP, 168
HAWAII, 168
TIMIP, 169
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), 167
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), 156, 167
Internet Service Provider (ISP), 490
Internetwork, 35
Interoperability of Wi-Fi systems and WWANs, 787
network selection, 788
user-profile, 788
bandwidth-conscious, 788
cost-conscious, 788
glitch-conscious, 789
Intruder, 476
Intrusion Tolerant Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (INSENS), 685
Iterative multi-lateration, 669
J
Jamming, 482
K
Kerberos authentication method, 785, see Wi-Fi systems
Key agreement, 487
Key arbitration, 486
Key predistribution, 486
Key transport, 486
k-hop control zone, 810, see Meghadoot architecture
k-Hopcount Hybrid Reservation (k-HHR), 551, see Asynchronous slot allocation strategies
k-hop neighborhood, 810, see Meghadoot architecture
L
Laser, 4
Laxity, 257
Layer, 37
application, 38
data link, 38
network, 38
physical, 37
presentation, 38
session, 38
transport, 38
Layered architecture, 650
UNPF, 650
Lazy packet scheduling, 599, see Battery management
Leaky bucket traffic policy, 565
Least Cluster Change (LCC), 513
Least Loaded Gateway (LLG), 759
Light-weight browser, 179, see Wireless Application Protocol
Limiting current, 591
Line-of-sight, 4
Link adaptation, 86
Load adaptive routing schemes, 761
fairness index, 762
LBAR, 762
traffic fairness, 761
Load Balanced Ad hoc Routing (LBAR), 762
degree of nodal activity, 762
Load balancing in hybrid wireless networks, 753
HAG, 760
LLG, 759
load adaptive routing schemes, 761
NRG, 760
preferred ring-based routing schemes, 755
Local Area Network (LAN), 34, 63, see Computer networks
Localized Encryption and Authentication Protocol (LEAP), 684
Localized power-aware routing, 622, 640, see Transmission power management
cost-saving, 624
power-cost-saving, 625
power-saving, 624
Local loop, 128
Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS), 133, see Broadband wireless access
Local rejoin scheme, 377
Location Addressed Protocol (LAP), 688
Location-Aided Routing (LAR), 325, see Routing protocols
Location-based multicast, 440
Location discovery, 668
indoor localization, 668
ML, 669
multi-dimensional scaling, 670
sensor network localization, 668
Logical Link Control (LLC), 47, see Data Link Layer
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP), 97, see Bluetooth
Long Inter-Frame Spacing (LIFS), 286, see Inter-Frame Spacing
Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), 654, 655
Low-power design of hardware, 635, see Device power management
Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN), 676
M
MACA-By Invitation (MACA/BI), 244, see Medium access control protocols
MACA with Piggy-backed Reservation (MACA/PR), 261, see Medium access control protocols
MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU), 516
MAC protocols for sensor networks, 666
CSMA-based MAC protocols, 667
EAR, 667
hybrid TDMA/FDMA, 667
SMACS, 667
MAC Session Data Unit (MSDU), 516
Malicious node, 476
Markov chain, 594, see Discrete-time Markov process
Media Access with Reduced Handshake (MARCH), 246, see Medium access control protocols
Medium Access Control (MAC), 48, see Data link layer
Medium access control protocols, 227, 228, 231, 452
BTMA, 240
CATA, 250
classification, 231
contention-based with reservation, 231, 233, 248
contention-based with scheduling, 231, 233, 267
other MAC protocols, 282
using directional antennas, 275
DBTMA, 241
design goals, 230
directional busy tone-based MAC protocol, 278
DLPS, 272
D-MAC, 280
D-PRMA, 248
DPS, 267
DWOP, 270
FAMA, 239
FAMA-NTR, 240
FPRP, 257
HRMA, 252
ICSMA, 291
issues, 227
MACA, 234
MACA-BI, 244
MACA/PR, 261
MACAW, 234
MARCH, 246
MCSMA, 286
MMAC, 282
power control MAC, 287
RBAR, 289
RI-BTMA, 242
SRMA/PA, 255
Meghadoot architecture, 810
801.11phone, 811
CB8 charger, 812
IBAR, 810
Mesh-based multicast routing protocols, 373, 413
Mesh networks, 755
Meta-data, 660
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), 34, see Computer networks
Micro-browser, 179, see Wireless Application Protocol
Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 647
Micro-version Timed, Efficient, Streaming, Loss-Tolerant Authentication Protocol (μTESLA), 686
Microwave, 4
Millimeter wave, 4
Minimum Bandwidth-based Reservation (MBR), 549, see Asynchronous slot allocation strategies
Minimum Battery Cost Routing (MBCR), 620, see Globalized power-aware routing
Minimum Energy Consumed Per Packet (MECP), 431
Minimum Maximum Node Cost (MMNC), 431
Minimum Path Loss (MPL), 707
Minimum Path Loss with Forward Progress (MFP), 707
Minimum Power Consumption Routing (MPCR), 618, see Globalized power-aware routing
Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), 16, see Modulation
Minimum Spanning Tree (MST), 628
Min-Max Battery Cost Routing (MMBCR), 620, see Globalized power-aware routing
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), 192
Mobile Assisted Data Forwarding (MADF), 698, 701
forwarding agent, 701
forwarding channel, 701
Mobile Host (MH), 698
Mobile IP, 157
4 × 4 approach, 162
COA, 160
encapsulation, 160
FA, 159
foreign network, 159
HA, 160
handoff, 165
home network, 159
IPv6, 167
MN, 159
MRSVP, 170
registration, 160
reverse tunneling, 160
route optimization, 161
routing, 159
security, 169
simultaneous binding, 161
triangular routing, 161
tunneling, 160
Mobile Node (MN), 159
Mobile Station (MS), 117, see Mobile Terminal
Mobile Switching Center (MSC), 116
Mobile TCP (M-TCP), 176, see Transmission Control Protocol over wireless
Mobile Terminal (MT), 64
Mobility, 228
Modeling and shaping of battery discharge pattern, 593, 638, see Battery management
Modulation, 11
amplitude, 12
analog, 11
angle, 12
digital, 14
Π/4-DQPSK, 17
Π/4-PSK, 18
Π/4-QPSK, 17
ASK, 14
BFSK, 16
BPSK, 17
DBPSK, 17
DPSK, 17
DQPSK, 17
FSK, 15
GFSK, 16
GMSK, 16
MSK, 16
PSK, 16
QPSK, 17
discrete multi-tone, 21, see OFDM
frequency, 12
phase, 14
Multicast Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (MAODV), 400, see Multicast routing protocols
Multicast Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing (MCEDAR), 384, see Multicast routing protocols
Multicast Priority Scheduling Protocol (MPSP), 434, see Multicast routing protocols
Multicast routing, 365
application dependent, 439
content-based, 439
issues, 366
location-based, 440
operation, 367
QoS guarantees, 432
role-based, 439
Multicast routing protocols, 375
ABAM, 386
Adaptive shared-tree multicast routing protocol, 410
AMRIS, 403
AMRoute, 406
architecture reference model, 370
BEMRP, 376
CAMP, 424
classification, 373
based on initialization of multicast session, 373,
based on topology, 373
based on topology maintenance mechanism, 375
hard-, soft-state, 375
mesh-, tree-based, 373
receiver-, source-initiated, 375
DCMP, 417
DDM, 389
FGMP, 420
MAODV, 400
MCEDAR, 384
MPSP, 434
MZRP, 380
NSMP, 422
ODMRP, 414
PLBM, 394
PLBU, 398
WARM, 432
WBM, 391
Multicast Routing Table (MRT), 426
Multicast Zone Routing Protocol (MZRP), 380, see Multicast routing protocols
Multichannel CSMA (MCSMA), 286, see Medium access control protocols
Multichannel MAC (MMAC), 282, see Medium access control protocols
Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS), 133, see Broadband wireless access
Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS), 670
Multi-hop Cellular Network (MCN), 698, 699
first-available channel allocation policy, 701
route cache, 701
Multi-hop Connectivity Graph (MCG), 733
Multi-hop radio relay, 193
Multi-hop Wi-Fi systems, 795, see Wi-Fi systems
Multi-Lateration (ML), 669
atomic-ML, 669
collaborative-ML, 669
directionality-based localization, 669
iterative-ML, 669
Multimode 802.11, 805
IEEE 802.11a/b/g, 805
k-mode operation, 806
software radio, 807
Multipath Dispersion Heuristic (MPD), 762, 764
Multipath propagation, 6, see Radio propagation
Multipath routing, 460
Multiple access, 19
CDMA, 22
FDD, 21
FDD-TDMA, 21
FDMA, 20
SDMA, 24
TDD-TDMA, 21
TDMA, 21
Multiple Access Collision Avoidance (MACA), 234, see Medium access control protocols
Multiple Exclusive Shortest Path Routing (MSPR), 762, 764
Multi-Power Architecture for Cellular Networks (MuPAC), 698, 708
Multiuser detection, 10
N
Nearest Ring Gateway (NRG), 760
Neighbor Feedback Loop (NFL), 687
Neighbor Supporting Ad hoc Multicast Routing Protocol (NSMP), 422, see Multicast routing protocols
Network Allocation Vector (NAV), 74, 264, 292
Network partitioning, 460
Network remerging, 460
Next generation hybrid wireless networks, 698
classification, 698
comparison table, 720
load balancing, 753
open issues, 719
power control schemes, 750
qualitative comparison, 718
routing, 723
Not-To-Send (NTS), 251
Nyquist’s theorem, 11
O
On-demand Link-state Multipath QoS Routing (OLMQR), 542, see QoS routing protocols
On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), 414, see Multicast routing protocols
On-demand QoS Routing (OQR), 540, see QoS routing protocols
On-demand routing protocol 306, 317, see Routing protocols
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), 36, see Computer network model
Opportunity-Driven Multiple Access (ODMA), 698
Optical wireless networks, 799
OWWDM, 800
OWWDM LAN, 803
point-to-multipoint LANs, 799
point-to-point optical links, 799
short-range infrared, 800
Optical Wireless WDM (OWWDM), 800
issues, 805
OWWDM LAN, 803
point-to-point links, 802
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), 349, see Routing protocols
Orthogonal, 19
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), 21
Overlap, 656
Over-The-Air (OTA), 808, see Software defined radio
P
Packet Reservation Multiple Access (PRMA), 248
Parity check, 29
Partial signature, 488
Path loss, 7
Path loss model, 7
free space propagation, 7
two-ray (two-path), 8
Pay-for-it strategy, 604, see Traffic shaping schemes
PCF IFS (PIFS), 515, see Inter-Frame Spacing
PCF Inter-Frame Spacing (PIFS), 71
Personal Access Communication System (PACS), 130
Personal Area Network (PAN), 63, see Computer networks
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), 63
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), 119, see Cellular system
Personal Handyphone System (PHS), 130
Phase Modulation (PM), 14, see Modulation
Phase Shift Keying (PSK), 16, see Modulation
Ping-pong effect, 114
Point Coordination Function (PCF), 71, 77, 512, 515, 516
Point Coordinator (PC), 516
Portal, 67, see IEEE 802.11
Position-based Hybrid Reservation (PHR), 550, see Asynchronous slot allocation strategies
Position-Dependent Cost-Reimbursement, Position-Dependent Bill-Rate (PDCR-PDBR), 746
Position-Independent Cost-Reimbursement (PICR), 745
Position-Independent Cost-Reimbursement, Position-Dependent Bill-Rate (PICR-PDBR), 745
Power-aware, 628
Power-aware CPU scheduling, 637, see Device power management
FUTURE algorithm, 637
OPT algorithm, 637
PAST algorithm, 637
Power-Aware Multi-Access Signaling (PAMAS), 632, 639
Power control MAC, 287, see Medium access control protocols
Power control schemes in hybrid wireless networks, 750
issues in using variable power in 802.11, 750
power optimization schemes for hybrid wireless networks, 751
Power-Efficient Gathering for Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS), 664
Power gain, 514
Power management, 78
Power management tools, 629, see Transmission power management
Power saving modes, 630, see Processor power management
Predictive Location-Based QoS Routing (PLBQR), 529, see QoS routing protocols
Preferred Destination-Ring Routing Scheme (PDRS), 756, 758
Preferred Hybrid Routing Scheme (PHRS), 762, 763
Preferred Inner-Ring Routing Scheme (PIRS), 757
Preferred Link-Based Algorithm (PLBA), 394
Preferred Link-Based Multicast (PLBM) protocol, 394, see Multicast routing protocols
Preferred Link-Based Routing (PLBR), 345, see Routing protocols
algorithms for preferred link computation, 347
Neighbor Degree-based Preferred Link (NDPL) algorithm, 347
Weight-Based Preferred Link (WBPL) algorithm, 348
Preferred Link-Based Unified Routing (PLBU) protocol, 398, see Multicast routing protocols
Preferred Outer-Ring Routing Scheme (PORS), 756, 757
Preferred Source-Ring Routing Scheme (PSRS), 756, 758
Pricing/billing issues in Wi-Fi systems, 791
BA, 791
fixed-fraction sharing model, 791
variable-fraction sharing model, 791
volume-based pricing, 791, 794
Pricing/billing schemes for Wi-Fi systems, 792
differentiated multi-hop revenue-sharing scheme, 797
multi-hop Wi-Fi revenue-sharing scheme, 797
reimbursement factor, 797
simple revenue sharing scheme, 794
Pricing in ad hoc wireless networks, 738
buy-and-sell transfer model, 739
counter-based approach, 740
microeconomic framework, 741
pricing header, 739
Sprite, 742
Pricing in hybrid wireless networks, 743
micropayment scheme for MCNs, 743
pricing for data traffic, 747
EESR, 747
ERSR, 748
HHSR, 748
HRSR, 749
pricing for voice traffic, 745
PDCR-PDBR, 746
PICR, 745
PICR-PDBR, 745
Pricing in multi-hop wireless networks, 736
issues, 736
open issues, 749
pricing in ad hoc wireless networks, 738
pricing in hybrid wireless networks, 743
pricing in military ad hoc wireless networks, 737
pricing in multi-hop wireless WANs, 738
Privacy, 69
Proactive RTMAC (PRTMAC), 568, see QoS frameworks
Processor power management, 587, see System power management
power saving modes, 630
Protocol Data Unit (PDU), 35
Protocol stack, 35
Proxy discovery protocol, 717
Public key certificate, 489
Public key cryptography, 483
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), 488
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), 116, 122, 128
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), 27
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), 26
Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), 26
Pump Slowly Fetch Quickly (PSFQ), 682, see Transport protocols for sensor networks
Q
Quality of Service (QoS), 66, 77, 79, 133, 170, 228, 267, 505, 630
metrics, 526, see QoS metrics
models, 554, see QoS models
QAP, 518
routing, 460, 505, see QoS routing protocols
QoS Access Point (QAP), 518, see Quality of Service
QoS Basic Service Set (QBSS), 518
QoS-enabled AODV, 535, see QoS routing protocols
QoS feasible path, 337, see Core Extraction Distributed Ad hoc Routing
QoS frameworks, 553
INORA, 562
INSIGNIA, 557
PRTMAC, 568
QoS models, 554
QoS resource reservation signaling, 556
SWAN, 564
QoS in multicast routing, 432
QoS MAC protocols, 512
Cluster TDMA, 513
DBASE, 520
MACA/PR, 261
QoS metrics, 526
additive, 526
concave, 526
multiplicative, 526
QoS models, 554, see QoS frameworks
DiffServ, 554
IntServ, 554
QoS resource reservation signaling, 556, see QoS frameworks
QoS routing protocols, 460, 505
AQR, 548
BR, 537
CEDAR, 336
OLMQR, 542
OQR, 540
PLBQR, 529
QoS-enabled AODV, 535
TDR, 532
ticket-based, 526
QoS solutions in ad hoc wireless networks, 505
802.11e, 805
AQR, 548
BR, 537
CEDAR, 336
classification, 510
based on interaction between network and MAC layers, 510
based on interaction between routing and QoS provisioning, 510
based on routing information update mechanism, 510
layer-wise, 512
Cluster TDMA, 513
DBASE, 520
INORA, 562
INSIGNIA, 557
issues and challenges, 508
MACA/PR, 261
OLMQR, 542
OQR, 540
PLBQR, 529
PRTMAC, 568
QoS-enabled AODV, 535
SWAN, 564
TDR, 532
ticket-based, 526
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 18, see Modulation
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 17, see Modulation
Quality of a sensor network, 671
coverage, 671
exposure, 673
quantization, 27
R
Radiation pattern, 276
Radio in Local Loop (RLL), 128, see Wireless in Local Loop
Radio Port (RP), 128, see Base Transceiver Station
Radio propagation, 6
diffraction, 6
reflection, 6
scattering, 6
Radio Subscriber Unit (RSU), 128, see Fixed Subscriber Unit
Radio Transceiver Unit (RTU), 128, see Base Transceiver Station
Random access protocol, 231
Random strategy, 604, see Traffic shaping schemes
Rate adaptation, 289
Rate capacity effect, 592
Real-time, 507
hard, 507
soft, 507
Real-Time MAC Protocol (RTMAC), 264, 568, see Medium access control protocols
Real-time protocols for sensor networks, 686
RAP, 688
SPEED, 687
Reassociation, 67
Receiver-Based Autorate protocol (RBAR), 289, see Medium access control protocols
Receiver diversity, 276
Receiver-Initiated Busy Tone Multiple Access (RI-BTMA), see Medium access control protocols
Receiver-initiated MAC protocol, 242
Receiver-initiated multicast routing protocols, 375
Recovery capacity effect, 592
Reflection, 6
Registration, 160
Reimbursement factor, 745, 747, 797
Relay traffic, 603
Remote Activated Switch (RAS), 630
Request-To-Send (RTS), 74, 234, 236, 516, see Signaling packets
Resource blindness, 656
Resource reservation mechanisms, 509
hard state, 509
soft state, 509
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), 170, 554
MRSVP, 557
Resynchronization in sensor networks, 679
Revenue sharing models for Wi-Fi systems, 786
fixed fraction revenue sharing model, 786, 791
variable-fraction volume-based sharing model, 786, 791
Reverse tunneling, 160
Roaming, 78
Role-based multicast, 439
Routing protocols for hybrid wireless networks, 723
BAAR, 723
BMBP, 726
DRP, 733
SMRP, 730
Routing metrics
power aware, 357
cost per packet, 358
energy consumption per packet, 358
network connectivity, 358
node cost, 359
variance in node power levels, 358
Routing protocols, 299
ABR, 328
AODV, 320
CEDAR, 336
CGSR, 314
classification, 304
based on routing information update, 306
based on the routing topology, 307
based on the use of temporal information for routing, 307
based on the utilization of specific resources, 307
efficient flooding mechanisms, 345
hierarchical, 352
power-aware, 357
DSDV, 308
DSR, 317
FORP, 333
FSR, 355
HSR, 352
hybrid routing protocol, 306, 336
LAR, 325
OLSR, 349
PLBR, 345
proactive, 306
reactive, 306
SSA, 330
STAR, 316
TORA, 323
WRP, 311
ZHLS, 342
ZRP, 340
RSA system, 485
Rumor routing, 656
S
Sampling theorem, 27
Satellite system, 131
geostationary, 131
Globalstar, 132
Iridium, 132
LEO, 131
Scalability, 216
Scattering, 6
Secure Efficient Ad hoc Distance vector routing protocol (SEAD), 492, see Secure routing protocols
Secure routing protocols, 490
ARAN, 494
SAR, 491
SEAD, 492
security-aware AODV, 495
active, 477
byzantine, 478
external, 478
internal, 478
man-in-the-middle, 482
multiple uncoordinated, 494
passive, 477
resource consumption, 478
routing, 480
rushing, 480
sleep deprivation, 480
wormhole, 478
Security-aware Ad hoc Routing (SAR), 491, see Secure routing protocols
Security Protocols for Sensor Networks (SPINS), 686, see Security protocols for sensor networks
Security protocols for sensor networks, 683
μTESLA, 686
attacks on sensor networks, 683
INSENS, 685
LEAP, 684
SNEP, 686
SPINS, 686
Selective forwarding, 683, see Attacks on sensor networks
Self-organization, 212
Self-organizing MAC for Sensor (SMACS) Networks, 667, see MAC protocols for sensor networks
Self-Organizing Packet Radio Networks with Overlay (SOPRANO), 698, 706
minimum path loss routing, 707
minimum path loss with forward progress, 707
Sender-initiated MAC protocol, 231
Sensor network architecture, 650
clustered, 653
layered, 650
Sensor Network Encryption Protocol (SNEP), 686
Sensor network localization, 668
Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN), 660
Sequential assignment routing, 657
Service Access Point (SAP), 35
Service class, 256
Service Data Unit (SDU), 35
Service discovery, 214
Session hijack, 481
Shadowing, 111
Shannon’s theorem, 11
Short IFS (SIFS), 515, see Inter-Frame Spacing
Short Inter-Frame Spacing (SIFS), 71
Short Messaging Service (SMS), 123
Signaling packets, 234
Signaling System 7 (SS7), 117
Signaling Transfer Point (STP), 117
Signal Stability-based Adaptive (SSA) routing, 330, see Routing protocols
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), 4, 11, 291
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 39, 158, 455
Single-hop Connectivity Graph (SCG), 733
Sky wave, 4
Sliding window, 172, 461, see Transmission Control Protocol
Slotted-ALOHA, 514
Slow start, 173, 455, 457, see Transmission Control Protocol
Small Minimum Energy Communication Network (SMECN), 663
Smart Battery Standard (SBS), 593
SMCN Routing Protocol (SMRP), 730, see Routing protocols for hybrid wireless networks
issues, 730
operation, 730
Snoop-TCP, 174, see Transmission Control Protocol over wireless
Soft handoff, 116
Soft Reservation Multiple Access with Priority Assignment (SRMA/PA), 255, see Medium access control protocols
Software defined radio, 127, 807, 808, see Multimode 802.11
OTA interfaces, 808
software radio-based multimode systems, 808
speakeasy military radio system, 808
Source-Initiated Multicast Routing Protocols, 367
forwarding state, 367
hard state maintenance, 367
refresh period, 367
soft state maintenance, 367
Source-Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR), 316, see Routing protocols
Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA), 24, see Multiple access
Spatial reuse, 278
Specific power, 590
Split-TCP, 468, see Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks
Spoofing, 496, 683, see Attacks on sensor networks
Spread spectrum, 22, see Code Division Multiple Access
DSSS, 24
FHSS, 23
Stateless Non-Deterministic Geographic Forwarding (SNGF), 687
Stateless Wireless Ad hoc Networks (SWAN), 564, see QoS frameworks
State machine, 75
Station (STA), 64, 66, see Mobile Terminal
Statistical multiplexing, 43
Stochastic model, 593
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), 122
Supply voltage scaling, 592
Switching technologies, 41
cell, 42
circuit, 41
message, 42
packet, 42
Sybil attack, 683, see Attacks on sensor networks
Symmetric key algorithm, 483, 485
Synchronization in sensor networks, 677
global synchronization protocol, 678
long-lasting synchronization, 678
out-of-band synchronization, 680
piggy-backing, 681
post facto synchronization, 678
Synchronizing frequency, 252, 254
Synchronous MAC protocol, 233
SYN flooding, 482
System power management, 585, 587, see Energy management
device power management, 587
processor power management, 587
T
Table-driven routing protocol 306, 308, see Routing protocols
Tamper, 476
TCP-Explicit Link Failure Notification (TCP-ELFN), 463, see Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks
TCP Feedback (TCP-F), 461, see Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks
TCP Reno, 456, see Transmission Control Protocol
TCP Tahoe, 456, see Transmission Control Protocol
TCP with Buffering capability and Sequence information (TCP-BuS), 464, see Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks
Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA), 323, see Routing protocols
Tentative reservation, 290
Terminal Independent Mobility for IP (TIMIP), 169
Terminal Network (TELNET), 39, 158
Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 698
Threshold cryptography, 488
Throughput Enhanced Wireless in Local Loop (TWiLL), 698, 709
multi-hop channel (MC), 709
single-hop channel (SC), 709
traffic locality, 710
Time Division Duplex (TDD), 21, 249, see Multiple access
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), 21, 248, 257, 286, 514, see Multiple access
Cluster TDMA, 513
Topology control, 608, 611, 639, see Transmission power management
centralized, 611
TORA, 562
Traffic shaping schemes, 603, 640, see Battery management
Transaction-oriented Transmission Control Protocol (TTCP), 177, see Transmission Control Protocol over wireless
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 40, 157, 172, 451, 454, 471
congestion control, 172
congestion window, 173
fast retransmit and recovery, 173
flow control, 172
sliding window, 172
slow start, 173
TCP Reno, 456
TCP Tahoe, 456
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), 39, 628, 629, see Computer network model
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over wireless
ELN, 176
ITCP, 175
M-TCP, 176
Snoop-TCP, 174
TCP SACK, 177
TCP-unaware link layer, 175
TTCP, 177
WTCP, 176
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)-unaware link layer, 175, see Transmission Control Protocol over wireless
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) with Selective ACK (TCP SACK), 177, see Transmission Control Protocol over wireless
Transmission power management, 585, 587, see Energy management
CLUSTERPOW, 618
congestion control and transmission policies, 628, 640
critical transmission range, 626
distributed power adjustment, 608
distributed power control loop, 608, 610
globalized power-aware routing, 618
localized power-aware routing, 622, 640
power management tools, 629
topology control, 608, 611, 639
Transport layer protocols for ad hoc wireless networks, 451, 454, 471
ACTP, 471
Ad hoc TCP, 466
ATP, 473
classification, 45
other transport protocols, 471
TCP over ad hoc wireless networks (end-to-end and split approaches), 454
design goals, 453
issues, 452
Split-TCP, 468
TCP-BuS, 464
TCP-ELFN, 463
TCP-F, 461
Transport protocols for sensor networks, 681, 682
ESRT, 682
issues, 681
PSFQ, 682
Tree-based multicast routing protocols, 373, 375
shared-tree-based, 375
source-tree-based, 375
Triangular routing, 161, see MobileIP
Trigger-based Distributed QoS routing (TDR), 532, see QoS routing protocols
Tromboning, 122
Trusted Third Party (TTP), 485
Turbo code, 31
U
Ubiquity, 127
Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) communication, 773
comparison, 777
impulse-based approach, 774
major issues, 780
monocycles, 775
operation, 775
PPM, 775
Unified Cellular and Ad hoc Network (UCAN), 698, 715
proxy discovery protocol, 717
Unified network protocol framework, 650
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), 126, see Cellular system
Universal Wireless Communications (UWC), 136, 125, see Cellular system
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 40, 157, 451, 471
User profile, 117
V
Variable Bit Rate (VBR), 44, 520, see Bit rate
Velocity Monotonic Scheduling (VMS), 688
Vertical handoff, 782, see Wi-Fi service provider models
Virtual carrier sensing, 75
Virtual circuit, 42
Virtual DCF (VDCF), 517, see Distributed Coordination Function
Virtual Private Network (VPN), 785
Visitor Location Register (VLR), 117, see Cellular architecture
Vocoder, 27
Voice coding, 25
Voice over IP (VoIP), 812, see Meghadoot architecture
Voltages, 589
cut-off, 589
open circuit, 589
operating, 589
W
Weight-Based Multicast (WBM) protocol, 391, see Multicast routing protocols
Wide Area Network (WAN), 35, see Computer networks
Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), 125, 126, see Cellular system
Wi-Fi alliance, 781
Wi-Fi service provider models, 782
aggregator model, 782
carrier model, 782
extended service provider model, 782
franchisee-franchisor model, 782
micro carrier model, 782
Wi-Fi systems, 781, see Wireless Fidelity systems
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), 79
Wireless Ad hoc Real-time Multicasting (WARM), 432, see Multicast routing protocols
Wireless Application Environment (WAE), 181, see Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), 179
2.0, 182
bearer service, 182
client-server, 179
gateway, 180
light-weight browser, 179
micro-browser, 179
model, 179
protocol stack, 180
WAE, 181
WDP, 182
WML, 180
WSP, 181
WTLS, 182
WTP, 181
Wireless ATM (WATM), 133
handoff, 136
location management, 139
medium access control, 135
reference model, 134
Wireless cable, 133, see Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP), 182, see Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), 69, 79, see IEEE 802.11b
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, 781
authentication, 785
economics, 786
interoperability of Wi-Fi systems with WWANS, 787
issues, 784
pricing/billing issues, 791
pricing/billing schemes, 792
QoS, 786
security, 784
service provider models, 782
spectrum issues, 787
Wireless in Local Loop (WiLL), 709, 714, see Wireless in Local Loop (WLL)
Wireless in Local Loop (WLL), 128, see Wireless in Local Loop (WiLL)
architecture, 128
technology, 129
DECT, 130
PACS, 130
PHS, 130
Wireless Integrated Network Sensor (WINS), 647
Wireless Internet, 155
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), 63, 65, 148, 515
ad hoc local area network, 66
infrastructure network, 66
Wireless Markup Language (WML), 180, see Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless mesh network, 198
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN), 141, see Broadband wireless access, IEEE 802.16
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), 63, 64, 89
Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP), 311, see Routing protocols
Wireless sensor network, 201
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP), 181, see Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP), 181, see Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Transmission Control Protocol (WTCP), 176, see Transmission Control Protocol over wireless
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS), 182, see Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), 109, 148, 787, see Cellular network
Wormhole attack, 683, see Attacks on sensor networks
X
X.25, 123
Z
Zone-based Hierarchical Link State (ZHLS) routing, 342, see Routing protocols
Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), 340, see Routing protocols