Index
Note to the Reader: Throughout this index boldfaced page numbers indicate primary discussions of a topic. Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations.
Numbers
2.4 GHz communications
channel overlap
channels
wireless NICs
4-Way Handshake process
EAP
FT
overview
RSN
TKIP
5 GHz communications
channels
UNII bands
20 MHZ communications
channels
HT Operation Element
40 MHZ communications
channels
HT Operation Element
802.11 overview
802.1p protocol
802.1X security
authentication servers
authenticators
EAP frame exchanges
supplicants
802.11-2007 standard and amendments
802.11a
802.11b
802.11b-Only mode
802.11e
802.11g
802.11g-Only mode
802.11n
frequency spectrum
HT channels
HT MAC
HT PHY
medium contention
MIMO
modulation and coding scheme
overview
power management
PPDUs
Wi-Fi Alliance
802.11n-2009
802.11w
architecture
control frames. See control frames
Data-Link layer
exam essentials
frames
key terms
MAC sublayer. See MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer
management frames. See management frames
medium contention. See medium contention
OSI model
packets and bits
Physical layer. See Physical (PHY) layer
power management. See power management
review questions
security. See security
services
summary
Wi-Fi Alliance
A
A Dialog Token field
A-MPDUs (Aggregate MAC Protocol Data Units)
description
parameters
A-MSDUs (Aggregate MAC Service Data Units)
description
frames
AAD (additional authentication data)
AC Constraint subfield
access categories (ACs)
prioritizing
QoS Control field
random backoff timers
access points (APs)
airport operations
and beacon frames
carrier sense
defined
Open System authentication
protocol analyzers
ACK (acknowledgement) frames
FCS field
with fragments
HT
MAC sublayer
overview
ACK policy subfield
ACKtimeout value
ACs (access categories)
prioritizing
QoS Control field
random backoff timers
action frames
802.11r and 802.11w amendments
ADDTS request and ADDTS response
admission control
DELTS
FT
HT
protected management
schedule
sections
spectrum and transmit power management
types
Action Value field
active mode in wireless radio
ad hoc networks
adaptive arrays
adaptive rate selection
additional authentication data (AAD)
address fields
Control Wrapper frame
data frames
address filters for protocol analyzers
addressing, MAC. See MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer
ADDTS request frames
ADDTS response frames
adjacent cell interference
adjacent-channel interference
adjacent channels
admission control frames
AES block cipher
Aggregate MAC Protocol Data Units (A-MPDUs)
description
parameters
Aggregate MAC Service Data Units (A-MSDUs)
description
frames
aggregation
data frames
multichannel
AIDs. See association identifiers (AIDs)
AIFS (arbitration IFS)
AIFSN (arbitration interframe space number)
AirDefense protocol analyzer
expert analysis
performance alarms
reports
wireless sensors
AirHORN device
AirMagnet protocol analyzer
AirMagnet Spectrum XT
AirPcap protocol analyzer
airport operations
AKM (Authentication and Key Management) section
AKM Suite fields
amplitude modulation scheme
amplitude of waves
analog energy RF signatures
AND operators for filters
announcement traffic indication message (ATIM) frames
ANonce (authenticator nonce)
antenna selection (ASEL)
capabilities
MIMO
receive
transmit
Antenna Selection Capable subfield
antennas
array systems
interference location
wireless NICs
AP PS Buffer State subfield
applying protocol analyzer filters
APs. See access points (APs)
APSD (automatic power save delivery) method
Capability Information field
unscheduled
arbitration IFS (AIFS)
arbitration interframe space number (AIFSN)
ARC4 cipher
array systems
ASCII view for protocol analyzers
ASEL. See antenna selection (ASEL)
ASEL Capabilities field
ASEL command (ASELC)
ASEL Control subfield
ASEL Data subfield
ASEL indicator subfield
ASELC (ASEL command)
asleep state in wireless radio
associated stations
Association ID Field
association identifiers (AIDs)
association response frames
MAC sublayer
power management
PS-Poll
virtual carrier sense
association request frames
association response frames
association sequences
ATIM (announcement traffic indication message) frames
attenuation from free space path loss
authentication
frames
MAC sublayer
Open System
Shared Key
Authentication Algorithm number field
Authentication and Key Management (AKM) section
authentication servers (AS)
Authentication Transaction Sequence Number field
authenticator nonce (ANonce)
authenticators
automatic power save delivery (APSD) method
Capability Information field
unscheduled
automatic rate selection
awake state in wireless radio
B
BA (block acknowledgement) mechanism
Background access priority
backoff, random
overview
timers
backward compatibility of 802.11 amendments
BAR Ack Policy subfield
Barker codes
Barker_Preamble_Mode subfield
baseline certification programs
Basic MCS Set field
basic rates
Basic Service Set (BSS) Load Element
basic service set identifiers (BSSIDs)
CCMP
data frames
defined
MAC sublayer
management frames
multiple
probe requests
RSN
basic service sets (BSSs)
Contention Free frames
defined
frame transmission
Open System authentication
QoS
RSN
battery life for wireless radios
beacon frames
overview
RSNIE
viewing
Beacon Interval field
beacon intervals
beacons, STBC
beam divergence
beamforming. See transmit beamforming (TxBF)
Beck-Tews attacks
BER (bit error rate)
Best Effort access priority
bidirectional implicit feedback
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
BIP (broadcast/multicast integrity protocol)
bit error rate (BER)
Bitmap Control field
DTIM
TIM
Bitmap Offset bits
bits
block acknowledgement (BA) mechanism
Block Acknowledgement (BlockAck) frames
block acknowledgement request (BlockAckReq) frames
BlockAck bit
Bluetooth devices
Bonaparte, Napoleon
Boolean XOR process
DSSS
TKIP
WEP
BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)
bridge links
broadcast addresses
broadcast frames
ACK frames with
TIM
broadcast/multicast integrity protocol (BIP)
BSS. See basic service sets (BSSs)
BSS (Basic Service Set) Load Element
BSSIDs. See basic service set identifiers (BSSIDs)
buffers
Power Save mode
protocol analyzers
bytes
C
calculation fields
Calibration subfield
Calibration Position subfield
Calibration Sequence subfield
Calibration Sounding Complete frames
call analysis in VoWiFi
camera RF signatures
Capability Information field
Extended Capabilities element extension
subfields
capture by protocol analyzers
filters
NICs
options
Carried Frame field
Carried Frame Control field
carrier frequencies
carrier sense
physical
virtual
Carrier Sense/Clear Channel Assessment (CS/CCA)
carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)
DCF
example
overview
carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
Category section for action frames
CBC-MAC. See CCMP (CTR with CBC-MAC Protocol)
CCA (clear channel assessment)
carrier sense
jammers
CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
HR-DSSS
HT
PLCP header
CCMP (CTR with CBC-MAC Protocol)
encryption process
MAC frame body
Protected Frame field
CCMP/AES encryption
CCX (Cisco Compatible Extension)
centralized servers with wireless sensors
CF-End frames
CF-End+CF-ACK frames
CFPs (contention-free periods)
Channel Agility subfield
Channel Estimation Capability subfield
Channel State Information (CSI) frame
Channel State Information (CSI)/Steering subfield
Channel Switch Announcement element
Channel Switch Count field
Channel Utilization field
channels
2.4 GHz communications
5 GHz communications
adjacent and nonadjacent
bonding
description
HT
multiple-channel protocol analysis
overlapping
protocol analyzers
reuse patterns
Wi-Fi card capture
widths
chipping process
chips in DSSS encoding
Cipher Based Message Authentication Code (CMAC) mode
cipher-block chaining message authentication code. See CCMP (CTR with CBC-MAC Protocol)
ciphers in RSNIE
Cisco Compatible Extension (CCX)
Clause 14 FHSS PHY
Clause 15 DSSS PHY
Clause 17 OFDM PHY
Clause 18 HR-DSSS PHY
Clause 19 ERP PHY
Clause 20 HT PHY
clauses, defined
clear channel assessment (CCA)
carrier sense
jammers
clear to send (CTS) frames
client stations
roaming analysis
RSNIE
CMAC (Cipher Based Message Authentication Code) mode
co-channel interference
collisions. See medium contention
compatibility of 802.11 amendments
Complementary Code Keying (CCK)
HR-DSSS
HT
PLCP header
compressed beamforming
Compressed Bitmap subfield
Compressed Steering Number of Beamformer Antennas Supported subfield
conditions, filter
constant device RF signatures
Contention Free frames
Contention-free period field
contention-free periods (CFPs)
contention window (CW)
control frames
ACK
block acknowledgement requests
block acknowledgements
carrier sense
Contention Free
Control Wrapper
CTS-to-self
exam essentials
key terms
MAC sublayer frame body
overview
protection mechanism
PS-Poll
review questions
RTS/CTS
summary
Control Wrapper frames
controlled ports
802.1X security
EAP
Converged Wireless Group-RF Profile (CWG-RF) certification
conversation analysis
convolutional coding
cordless telephones
corrupted frames
costs of spectrum analyzers
Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP)
encryption process
MAC frame body
Protected Frame field
countermeasures in TKIP
country codes for protocol analyzers
Country element
coverage zones, data rate
CRC. See cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
CRC field
CS/CCA (Carrier Sense/Clear Channel Assessment)
CSI (Channel State Information) frame
CSI (Channel State Information)/Steering subfield
CSI Max Number of Rows Beamformer Supported subfield
CSI Number of Beamforming Antennas Supported subfield
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance)
DCF
example
overview
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection)
CTR with CBC-MAC Protocol (CCMP)
encryption process
MAC frame body
Protected Frame field
CTS (clear to send) frames
CTS-to-self frames
CW (contention window)
CWG-RF (Converged Wireless Group-RF Profile) certification
CWmax (maximum CW) value
CWmin (minimum CW) value
cycles
cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
ACK frames
FCS field
and fragmentation
MAC sublayer
PPDUs
transmissions
WEP
D
DA (destination address)
data frames
MAC sublayer
MIC
DA field
management frames
probe response frames
data-carrying frames
data encoding in DSSS
data field in PPDUs
data frames
address fields
aggregation
data-carrying vs. non-data-carrying
exam essentials
fragmentation
key terms
MAC sublayer frame body
QoS and non-QoS
rate selection
review questions
simple
subtypes
summary
Data HT-LTFs
data integrity in CCMP
Data-Link layer
data rates
802.11 amendments
coverage zones
dB (decibels)
DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying)
DCF (distributed coordination function)
DCF IFS (DIFS)
de-spreads
deauthentication frames
decibels (dB)
decode window
delay in ACK frames
delay spread in HT
Delayed BlockAck bit
Delayed option in beamforming feedback
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) information
beacon frames
beacons
power management
delta time in DTIM
DELTS frames
denial-of-service (DoS) attacks
density, spectrum
destination address (DA)
data frames
MAC sublayer
management frames
MIC
probe response frames
device classification for interference
DFS (dynamic frequency selection)
DFS Field
Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying (DBPSK)
Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK)
Differentiated Service Code Point (DSCP)
DIFS (DCF IFS)
digital signal processing (DSP)
Direct Sequence Parameter Set element
direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
data encoding
HT
modulation
overview
support for
directed probe requests
direction of flow in MAC sublayer addressing
directional antennas
disassociation frames
display filters
conversation analysis
protocol analyzers
distributed coordination function (DCF)
distributed protocol analysis
centralized servers with wireless sensors
wireless analyzer with remote capture probes
wireless analyzer with remote engines
distribution system medium (DSM)
defined
MAC sublayer addressing
distribution system services (DSSs)
distribution systems (DSs)
divergence, beam
DoS (denial-of-service) attacks
dot11BeaconPeriod parameter
doze state in wireless radio
DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
drivers
supplicants
wireless NICs
DRS (dynamic rate switching)
DS Parameter Set element
DSCP (Differentiated Service Code Point)
DSM (distribution system medium)
defined
MAC sublayer addressing
DSP (digital signal processing)
DSs (distribution systems)
DSSs (distribution system services)
DSSS. See direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
DSSS-OFDM
DSSS-OFDM subfield
DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) information
beacon frames
beacons
power management
DTIM Count field
DTIM Period field
Dual Beacon field
dual beacons
Dual CF-End procedure
dual CTS
Duration field
Duration/ID field
carrier sense
Control Wrapper frame
MAC header
overview
RDP
virtual carrier sense
duty cycle
Bluetooth
jammers
RF signatures
spectrum analysis
wireless video cameras
dwell time in FHSS
dynamic frequency selection (DFS)
dynamic rate switching (DRS)
dynamic SM Power Save
dynamic unicast keys
E
EAP. See Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
EAP over LAN (EAPOL) frames
EAP-Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP-PEAP)
EAP-Request frames
EAP-Request Identity frames
EAP-Response Identity frames
EAPOL (EAP over LAN) frames
EAPOL-Key frame messages
ECSA (extended channel switch announcement)
EDCA (enhanced distributed channel access)
EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) Parameter element
EIFS (extended IFS)
Element ID in TIM
Element section in action frames
encapsulation in MAC sublayer frame body
encryption
and fragmentation
MAC sublayer
and protocol analyzers
RSNIE
VoIP
WLAN
CCMP
TKIP
WEP
end of service periods (ESOPs) subfield
energy detection levels
enhanced distributed channel access
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) Parameter element
ERP (Extended Rate PHY) element
fields
protection mechanisms
ERP (Extended Rate Physical)
channels
overview
ERP-DSSS/CCK (Extended Rate Physical DSSS)
ERP-OFDM (Extended Rate Physical OFDM)
ERP-PBCC
ESOPs (end of service periods) subfield
ESS subfield
ESSIDs (extended service set identifiers)
ESSs (extended service sets)
defined
roaming analysis
Event Viewer
exam terminology
expert analysis with protocol analyzers
Explicit Compressed Beamforming Feedback Capable subfield
Explicit Compressed Steering Capable subfield
Explicit CSI Feedback subfield
Explicit CSI Transmit Beamforming Capable subfield
explicit feedback in HT
Explicit Noncompressed Beamforming Feedback Capable subfield
Explicit Noncompressed Steering Capable subfield
Explicit Transmit Beamforming CSI Feedback subfield
Express Card slots
Extended Capabilities element
extended channel switch announcement (ECSA)
extended IFS (EIFS)
Extended IV field
Extended Rate PHY (ERP) element
fields
protection mechanisms
Extended Rate Physical (ERP)
channels
overview
Extended Rate Physical DSSS (ERP-DSSS/CCK)
Extended Rate Physical OFDM (ERP-OFDM)
extended service set identifiers (ESSIDs)
extended service sets (ESSs)
defined
roaming analysis
Extended Supported Rates element
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
authenticators
conversation analyses
EAP-PEAP
overview
strong protocols
Extension HT-LTFs
F
failed frames
fast BSS transition (FT)
action frames
information elements
initial mobility domain association
over-the-air
over-the-DS
fast BSS transition information element (FTIE)
fast Fourier transform (FFT)
fast secure roaming (FSR)
FCS (frame check sequence)
calculation of
Control Wrapper
interspace frames
MPDU
FEC (forward error correction)
feedback in HT
FFT (fast Fourier transform)
FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum)
components and characteristics
example
overview
RF signatures
filters
conversation analysis
protocol analyzers
fixed channels in protocol analyzers
Forensic Analysis module
form factors
Forty MHz Intolerant subfield
forward error correction (FEC)
Fourier, Joseph
Fourier transforms
fragment bursts
Fragment Number subfield
fragmentation
data frames
thresholds
frame bursts
frame check sequence (FCS)
calculation of
Control Wrapper
interspace frames
MPDU
Frame Control field
MAC header
More Data field
More Fragments field
Order field
Power Management field
Protected Frame field
Protocol Version field
Retry field
To DS and From DS fields
Type and Subtype fields
frame format transfer method
frames
aggregation
body
control. See control frames
data. See data frames
management. See management frames
overview
transmission process
types and subtypes
free space path loss (FSPL)
frequency
802.11 amendments
802.11n
description
RF signatures
spectrum analysis
frequency domain vs. time domain
frequency hopping and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)
components and characteristics
example
overview
RF signatures
From DS field
data frames
MAC sublayer
management frames
overview
FSPL (free space path loss)
FSR (fast secure roaming)
FT. See fast BSS transition (FT)
FTAA (FT authentication algorithm)
FTIE (fast BSS transition information element)
G
gauges
Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK)
Greenfield mode in HT
group addresses
Group Cipher Suite field
Group Key Handshake
overview
RSN
group keys in RSNIE
group temporal keys (GTKs)
RSN
TKIP
guard intervals
H
H.323 protocol
handshakes
4-Way Handshake
EAP
FT
overview
RSN
TKIP
Group Key Handshake
hardware platforms for spectrum analyzers
HCF (hybrid coordination function)
HCF-controlled channel access (HCCA)
headers
MAC. See MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer
PPDUs
Radiotap Header
hertz
Hertz, Heinrich
heuristic-based expert analysis
hex view in protocol analyzers
High-Rate DSSS (HR-DSSS)
2.4 GHz communications
overview
high throughput (HT)
802.11n overview. See 802.11 overview
action frames
channels
Clause 20 for
Control Wrapper frame for
exam essentials
HT Capabilities Element. See HT Capabilities Element
HT Control field. See HT Control field
HT Operation Element. See HT Operation Element
information elements overview
key terms
MAC
modulation and coding schemes
PHY
protection modes
review questions
summary
Wi-Fi alliance
honeypots
hop time in FHSS
hopping sequences in FHSS
HR-DSSS (High-Rate DSSS)
2.4 GHz communications
overview
HT. See high throughput (HT)
HT Capabilities Element
A-MPDU parameters
ASEL capabilities
HT Capabilities Info field. See HT Capabilities Info field
HT Extended Capabilities field
Supported MCS field
transmit beamforming capabilities. See transmit beamforming (TxBF)
HT Capabilities Info field
DSSS/CCK Mode in 40 MHZ subfield
Forty MHz Intolerant subfield
HT-Delayed BlockAck subfield
HT Greenfield subfield
L-SIG TXOP Protection Support subfield
LDPC Coding Capability subfield
Maximum A-MSDU Length subfield
Short GI for 20 MHz and Short GI for 40 MHz subfields
SM Power Save subfield
Supported Channel Width Set bit
TX STBC and RX STBC subfields
HT Control field
ASEL
Control Wrapper frame
format
order bit
transmit beamforming
HT-Delayed BlockAck subfield
HT Extended Capabilities field
HT Greenfield PPDU format
HT-Immediate BlockAcks subfield
HT-mixed PPDU format
HT Operation Element
fields
primary channel, secondary channel offset, and STA channel width
protection mechanisms
dual beacons, dual CTS, and STBC beacons
L-SIG TXOP
PCO
RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self
RIFS mode
HT Signal field (HT-SIG) subfield
+HTC MPDUs
+HTC Support subfield
hubs, network
hybrid coordination function (HCF)
hybrid coordination function channel access (HCCA)
I
IBSS. See independent basic service sets (IBSSs)
IBSS DFS field
IBSS Parameter Set element
IBSS subfield
ICV (integrity check value)
TKIP
WEP
idle state in wireless radio
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
IEs. See information elements (IEs)
IFS (interframe space)
QoS
types
Immediate option in beamforming feedback
Immediate and Delayed option in beamforming feedback
Implicit Feedback subfield
Implicit Transmit Beamforming Capable subfield
Implicit Transmit Beamforming Receiving Capable subfield
independent basic service sets (IBSSs)
beacon frames
Capability Information field
Contention Free frames
Extended Rate PHY element
IBSS Parameter Set element
MAC sublayer
Open System authentication
power management
RSN
industrial ovens
information elements (IEs)
Basic Service Set Load
Channel Switch Announcement
Country
Direct Sequence Parameter Set
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access Parameter
Extended Capabilities
Extended Rate PHY
Extended Supported Rates
FT
HT
IBSS Parameter Set
Power Constraint
QoS Capability
Quiet
Robust Security Network
SSID
Supported Rates
TPC Report
Traffic Indication Map
vendor-specific
information fields
infrared (IR) technology
initialization vector (IV)
TKIP
WEP
initiators, RD
inner identities in EAP
inSSIDer tool
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
integration service (IS)
integrity check value (ICV)
TKIP
WEP
interference
adjacent cell
device classification
intersymbol
location techniques
sideband carrier frequency
interframe space (IFS)
Quality of Service
types
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
intersymbol interference (ISI)
inverse square law
Invert-on-One encoding
IP logical peer maps
IP packets
iPhone
IR (infrared) technology
IS (integration service)
ISI (intersymbol interference)
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
IV (initialization vector)
TKIP
WEP
IV/Key ID combination
J
jammers
jitter
ACK frames
MAC sublayer
Jobs, Steve
K
Key IDs
keys
RSN
RSNIE
TKIP
WEP
L
L-SIG (Legacy Signal) field
L-SIG TXOP protection
L-SIG TXOP Protection Support subfield
latency
ACK frames
MAC sublayer
power-management
roaming analysis
layers in OSI model
LDPC (low-density parity check)
LDPC Coding Capability subfield
legacy 802.11 technologies
legacy power-management
Legacy power management field
Legacy Signal (L-SIG) field
Length fields
PPDUs
TIM
Length option for protocol analyzer filters
Link Adaption Control subfield
Link Margin statistic
Listen Interval field
listen intervals in power management
Live View module
LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer
locating interference techniques
logarithms
Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer
logical peer maps
logs, system
Long PPDU preamble
low-density parity check (LDPC)
M
MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer
addressing
direction of flow
fields
filters
multiple BSSIDs
peer maps
WDS
exam essentials
FCS field
frame body
headers
Duration/ID field
Frame Control field. See Frame Control field
protocol analyzers
WMM analysis
HT
key terms
MPDU format
QoS Control field
review questions
Sequence Control field
summary
MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs)
A-MPDU parameters
CCMP
components
description
+HTC
TKIP
WLAN encryption
MAC Service Data Units (MSDUs)
aggregation
CCMP
description
DSS
fragmentation
MAC sublayer frame body
Open System authentication payloads
TKIP
WLAN encryption
MAI subfield
Management Frame Protection
Management Frame Protection Capable (MFPC) bit
Management Frame Protection Required (MFPR) bit
management frames
action. See action frames
aggregation
association request
association response
ATIM
authentication
beacon
deauthentication
disassociation
exam essentials
fields
action frame-related
Association ID
Beacon Interval
Capability Information
Listen Interval
Reason Code
Status Code
timestamp
fragmentation
information elements. See information elements (IEs)
key terms
probe request
probe response
reassociation request
reassociation response
review questions
summary
types
management information base (MIB)
Management MAC Protocol Data Units. See management frames
Manchester Encoding
maps
peer
TIM
overview
power management
masks, spectrum
master session keys (MSKs)
Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)
Maximum A-MPDU Length Exponent subfield
Maximum A-MSDU Length subfield
maximum CW (CWmax) value
maximum transmission unit (MTU) size
MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set Identifier) features
MCA (multichannel architecture) environments
MCS (modulation and coding schemes)
MCS feedback (MFB) frame
MCS Feedback/Antenna Selection Command (MFB/ASELC) field
MCS feedback sequence identifier (MFSI) field
MCS Feedback subfield
MCS request (MRQ) subfield
MDCs (mobility domain controllers)
MDID (mobility domain identifier) field
MDIE (mobility domain information element)
mean opinion score (MOS)
Measurement Report frame
Measurement Request frame
Media Access Control. See MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer
medical telemetry units
medium contention
802.11n
CSMA/CA
exam essentials
frame transmission
IFS
key terms
Quality of Service
random backoff
review questions
summary
message integrity code (MIC)
CCMP
TKIP
MFB (MCS feedback) frame
MFB/ASELC (MCS Feedback/Antenna Selection Command) field
MFPC (Management Frame Protection Capable) bit
MFPR (Management Frame Protection Required) bit
MFSI (MCS feedback sequence identifier) field
MIB (management information base)
MIC (message integrity code)
CCMP
TKIP
microwave ovens
milliwatts (mW)
MIMO. See multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology
Minimal Grouping subfield
minimum CW (CWmin) value
Minimum MPDU Start Spacing subfield
mirroring, port
MLT-3 (Multiple Level Transition - 3 Levels) encoding
MMPDUs. See management frames
mobile devices, power save for
mobility domain
mobility domain controllers (MDCs)
mobility domain identifier (MDID) field
mobility domain information element (MDIE)
Mode 0 - Greenfield mode
Mode 1 - HT Nonmember Protection mode
Mode 2 - HT 20 MHz Protection mode
Mode 3 - HT Mixed mode
modulation
DSSS
FHSS
HR-DSSS
OFDM
RF
spectrum analysis
modulation and coding schemes (MCS)
More Data field
More Fragments field
MOS (mean opinion score)
MPDUs. See MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs)
MRC (Maximal Ratio Combining)
MRQ (MCS request) subfield
MSDUs. See MAC Service Data Units (MSDUs)
MSKs (master session keys)
MTU (maximum transmission unit) size
multi-TID Block ACK requests
Multi-TID field
multicasts
DTIM
MAC sublayer
multichannel aggregation
multichannel architecture (MCA) environments
multipath propagation
multiple adapter support in protocol analysis
Multiple Basic Service Set Identifier (MBSSID) features
multiple-channel protocol analysis
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology
ASEL method
CSI frames
description
enhancements
radio chains
STBC
transmit beamforming
Multiple Level Transition - 3 Levels (MLT-3) encoding
multiple network analyzers
multiple spatial streams
Multiple Wi-Fi CERTIFIED programs
multiplexing, spatial
multirate support
mutual authentication
mW (milliwatts)
N
narrow band jammers
narrow band vs. spread spectrum
NAS (network access servers)
NAV. See network allocation vector (NAV)
NDP Announcement subfield
NDPs (null data packets)
Near/Far problem
NetStumbler tool
network access servers (NAS)
network allocation vector (NAV)
collision prevention
HT protection
MAC sublayer
virtual carrier sense
network analyzers. See protocol analysis and protocol analyzers
network diagrams
network hubs
network interface cards (NICs)
drivers
packet information passed by
RF monitor mode
wired
wireless
New Channel Number field
noise
Wi-Fi cards
wireless NICs
noise floor
non-data-carrying frames
non-HT legacy format
non-HT PPDUs
non-QoS APs in carrier sense
non-QoS data frames
Non-Return-to-Zero, Invert-on-One encoding
nonadjacent channels
nonces
noncompressed beamforming
Noncompressed Steering Number of Beamforming Antennas Supported subfield
NonERPPresent bit
Nongreenfield HT STAs Present field
nonoverlapping channels
NOT operators for filters
Not Sounding field
null data frames
power management
wireless radio
null data packets (NDPs)
null function frames
O
Observer protocol analyzer
octets
OFDM. See Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
OFDM PLCP preamble
Ohiagi/Morii attacks
OmniPeek protocol analyzer
CCMP-encrypted frames
channel scanning
conversation analyses
expert setting
multichannel aggregator configuration
peer maps
remote capture probes
roaming plug-in
VoIP expert
wired and wireless analysis
Open System authentication
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
operators, filter
OR operators for filters
order bit in HT Control field
Order field
organizationally unique identifiers (OUIs)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
20 MHz channels
40 MHz channels
convolutional coding
curves
vs. ERP-OFDM
modulation
spectral efficiency
spectrum masks
subcarriers
support for
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model
OUIs (organizationally unique identifiers)
outer identities in EAP
over-the-air fast BSS transition
over-the-DS fast BSS transition
Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) Non-HT STAs Present field
overlapping channels
P
Packet Binary Convolutional Code (PBCC)
packet slicing
packets
Pairwise Cipher Suite Count field
Pairwise Cipher Suite List field
pairwise transient keys (PTKs)
PAN (personal area network) mode
pan, tilt, and zoom (PTZ) capabilities
Partial Virtual Bitmaps bits
passphrases
pattern matching
device classification
protocol analyzer filters
patterns in RF signatures
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS)
PBCC (Packet Binary Convolutional Code)
PC (point coordinator)
PCF (point coordination function)
beacon frames
contention free frames
PCF IFS (PIFS)
PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard)
PCMCIA Card slots
PCO (phased coexistence operation)
PCO Phase subfield
PCO Transition Time subfield
peaks, signal
PEAP (EAP-Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol)
Peekcat tool
peer maps
performance
multiple BSSIDs effect
protocol analyzers
personal area network (PAN) mode
phased coexistence operation (PCO)
physical carrier sense
Physical (PHY) layer
2.4 GHz communications
5 GHz communications
channels
DSSS
ERP
exam essentials
FHSS
HR-DSSS
HT
key terms
OFDM
operations
overview
PPDUs
review questions
sublayers
summary
Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) sublayer
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer
physical peer maps
PIFS (PCF IFS)
ping-pong power-management
ping-pong roaming
platforms for spectrum analyzers
PLCP (Physical Layer Convergence Procedure) sublayer
PLCP Protocol Data Units (PPDUs)
802.11n
analysis
creating
data field
headers
HT Greenfield
HT implicit feedback
preambles
RDP
PLCP Service Data Units (PSDUs)
PMD (Physical Medium Dependent) sublayer
PN (pseudo-random number) code
point coordination function (PCF)
beacon frames
contention free frames
point coordinator (PC)
port mirroring
port spanning
portable cordless telephones
ports
802.1X security
EAP
protocol analyzer filters
Power Constraint field
power management
802.
802.11e
802.11n
association identifiers
DTIM elements
exam essentials
IBSS
key terms
review questions
structure
summary
TIM elements
traffic indication map elements
wireless radios and battery life
Power Management field
Power Save mode
MAC sublayer
PS-Poll frames
wireless radio
power save multi-poll (PSMP) power management
power-save poll (PS-Poll) frames
Power Save Polling (PSP)
power states in wireless radio
PPDUs. See PLCP Protocol Data Units (PPDUs)
pre-802.11n products
pre-robust security network associations (pre-RSNAs)
preambles in PPDUs
Preshared Key (PSK) authentication
PRF (pseudorandom function)
price of spectrum analyzers
primary 20 MHz channels
primary beacons in HT
primary channels in HT
priorities
access categories
QoS Control field
Privacy subfield
probe request frames
probe response frames
ProbeTimer value
processing gain in DSSS
promiscuous mode in NICs
Protected Frame field
protected management frames
protection mechanisms
Basic MCS Set field
collisions. See medium contention
ERP
ERP element
HT Operation Element
dual beacons, dual CTS, and STBC beacons
L-SIG TXOP
PCO
RTS/CTS and CTS-to-Self
triggering
protocol analysis and protocol analyzers
2.4 GHz channel overlap
buffer size
capture adapters
capture options
conversation analysis
distributed protocol analysis
exam essentials
expert analysis
features overview
filters
key terms
location
multiple-channel protocol analysis
operation overview
overview
packet slicing
peer maps
performance analysis
protocol decodes
reporting capabilities
review questions
roaming analysis
save-to-disk captures
summary
system logs
VoWiFi
call analysis
WMM
wireless
protocol decodes
Protocol Version field
PS-Poll (power-save poll) frames
PSDUs (PLCP Service Data Units)
pseudo-random number (PN) code
pseudorandom function (PRF)
PSK (Preshared Key) authentication
PSK curves
PSMP (power save multi-poll) power management
PSP (Power Save Polling)
PTKs (pairwise transient keys)
pulse device RF signatures
pure G networks
Q
QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation)
QoS. See Quality of Service (QoS)
QoS Capability element
QoS Control field
MAC header
subfields
WMM analysis
QoS subfield
quadrants in interference location
quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
Quality of Service (QoS)
AIFS
carrier sense
data frames
overview
random backoff timers
TXOP
quality of spectrum analyzers
Queensland Attacks
Queue Size field
Quiet Count field
Quiet Duration field
Quiet element
quiet intervals
Quiet Offset field
Quiet Period field
R
R-Factor
RA (receiver address)
data frames
MAC sublayer
RTS frames
RA field
radar, airport
radio cards
radio chains
radio resource measurement (RRM)
radios, wireless
Radiotap Header
RADIUS servers
802.1X security
EAP
system logs
random backoff
overview
timers
rate selection
basic and supported rates
dynamic
multirate support
raw energy in spectrum analysis
RC4 cipher
RCPI (received channel power indicator)
RD (Reverse Direction) protocol
RD Responder subfield
RDG/More PPDU subfield
RDGs (reverse direction grants)
Real Time Protocol (RTP) packets
Reason Code field
authentication frames
DELTS
description
reassociation request frames
reassociation response frames
receive ASEL
Receive NDP (Null Data Packet) Capable subfield
Receive Power Indicator (RPI) histograms
receive sensitivity
Receive Staggered Sounding Capable subfield
Receive (Rx) state
received channel power indicator (RCPI)
received signal strength indicator (RSSI)
description
thresholds
wireless NICs
receiver address (RA)
data frames
MAC sublayer
RTS frames
receiver address (RA) field
receiving state in wireless radio
Reduced Interframe Space (RIFS) mode
block acknowledgments
description
HT Operation element
RDP
remote capture probes
remote engines
report mode bitmaps
reporting capabilities of protocol analyzers
Request Information elements
Request to send (RTS) frames
request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) collision prevention
resolution of spectrum analyzers
responders, RD
retransmissions
Retry field
Reverse Direction (RD) protocol
reverse direction grants (RDGs)
RF fundamentals
amplitude
channel widths and spectral masks
cycles
decibels
free space path loss
frequency
modulation schemes
narrow band vs. spread spectrum
noise floor
receive sensitivity
received signal strength indicator
signal-to-noise ratio
RF monitor mode in NICs
RF signatures
characteristics
duty cycle
frequency
frequency hopping
patterns
pulse vs. constant
shape
uniqueness
examples
analog energy
frequency hopping
jammers
microwave ovens
wireless video cameras
RFGrabber
RIFS (Reduced Interframe Space)
block acknowledgments
description
HT Operation element
RDP
Rivest, Ron
roaming analysis
robust management frames
robust security network associations (RSNAs)
robust security network information element (RSNIE)
robust security networks (RSNs)
encryption methods
roaming analysis
RSNIE
RPI (Receive Power Indicator) histograms
RRM (radio resource measurement)
RSN information element field
RSNAs (robust security network associations)
RSNIE (robust security network information element)
RSNs (robust security networks)
encryption
roaming analysis
RSNIE
RSSI (received signal strength indicator)
description
thresholds
wireless NICs
RTP (Real Time Protocol) packets
RTS/CTS (request to send/clear to send) collision prevention
RX Highest Supported Rate subfield
RX MCS Bitmask subfield
RX STBC subfield
Rx (Receive) state
RXASSI frames
RXASSR frames
S
S-APSD (scheduled automatic power save delivery)
SA (source address)
data frames
MAC sublayer
management frames
MIC
save-to-disk captures
scanning channels
Schedule field
schedule frames
scheduled automatic power save delivery (S-APSD)
secondary channels
20 MHz
HT Operation Element
secret keys
security
4-Way Handshake
802.1X
802.11w protected management frames
authentication
EAP. See Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
exam essentials
fast BSS transition
Group Key Handshake
key terms
review questions
RSN
encryption
RSNIE
summary
WLAN encryption methods
CCMP
TKIP
WEP
WPA/WPA
Sequence Control field
Sequence Number subfield
Service field
service periods (SPs)
service set identifiers (SSIDs)
MAC sublayer
probe requests
RSN
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
SFD (Start of Frame Delimiter) field
shape of RF signatures
Shared Key authentication
authentication frames
exercise
MAC sublayer
Short GI for 20 MHz subfield
Short GI for 40 MHz subfield
short guard intervals
short interframe space (SIFS)
description
with fragments
HT Operation Element
QoS Control field
RDP
Short PPDU preamble
Short Preamble subfield
Short Slot Time subfield
sideband carrier frequency interference
SIFS. See short interframe space (SIFS)
Signal field
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
signatures. See RF signatures
simple data frames
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
simultaneous captures
single-input single-output (SISO) systems
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
site surveys
Skinny protocol
slot times
AIFS
DIFS
random backoff
SM (spatial multiplexing)
SM Mode bit
SM Power Save field
smart antenna array systems
SMPS (spatial multiplexing power save)
Sniffer protocol analyzer
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
SNonce (supplicant nonce)
SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)
social engineering honeypots
software for spectrum analyzers
source address (SA)
data frames
MAC sublayer
management frames
MIC
space-time block coding (STBC)
beacons
purpose
spanning, port
spatial multiplexing (SM)
spatial multiplexing power save (SMPS)
spectrum analysis
data display overview
duty cycle
exam essentials
frequency domain vs. time domain
interference
key terms
modulation vs. raw energy
NICs
noise floor
process
review questions
RF fundamentals. See RF fundamentals
RF signatures. See RF signatures
spectrum analyzer options
spectrum density
summary
waterfall plots
Wi-Fi integration
spectrum density
spectrum management
Spectrum Management subfield
spectrum masks
split MAC architecture
spread spectrum technology
802.11 amendments
vs. narrow band
spreading in DSSS
SPs (service periods)
SS (station service)
SSID element
SSIDs (service set identifiers)
MAC sublayer
probe requests
RSN
Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) field
State Frame Limiter field
static SM Power Save
station service (SS)
station-to-station links (STSLs)
stations (STAs)
channel width in HT Operation Element
defined
RDP roles
Status Code field
ADDTS frames
authentication frames
description
STBC (space-time block coding)
beacons
purpose
STBC Beacon field
strong EAP Protocols
STSLs (station-to-station links)
subcarriers in OFDM
Subtype subfield
subtypes of data
supplicant nonce (SNonce)
supplicants
802.1X security
EAP
Supported Channel Width Set subfield
Supported MCS field
supported rates
Supported Rates element
supporting software for spectrum analyzers
surveys
switched arrays
Sync field
system logs
T
T-tables
TA (transmitter address)
data frames
MAC sublayer
RTS frames
TKIP
TA field
tags
target beacon transmission times (TBTTs)
beacon intervals
PS-Poll
quiet intervals
Task Group a (TGa)
Task Group b (TGb)
Task Group g (TGg)
Task Group n (TGn)
Task Group w (TGw)
TBTTs (target beacon transmission times)
beacon intervals
PS-Poll
quiet intervals
TCLAS field
TCLAS Processing field
telephones, portable cordless
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
countermeasures
encryption process
MAC sublayer frame body
temporal keys (TKs)
terminology, exam
TGa (Task Group a)
TGb (Task Group b)
TGg (Task Group g)
TGn (Task Group n)
TGw (Task Group w)
threshold-based expert analysis by protocol analyzers
thresholds
fragmentation
RSSI
TID (traffic identifier) subfield
QoS Control field
RDP
WMM analysis
TIM (traffic indication map) element
overview
power management
time domain vs. frequency domain
time units (TUs) in beacon frames
timers
backoff
NAV
virtual carrier-sense
timestamp field
timing synchronization function (TSF)
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
countermeasures
encryption process
MAC sublayer frame body
TKIP-mixed transmit address and key (TTAK)
TKIP/RC4 encryption
TKIP sequence counter (TSC)
TKs (temporal keys)
TLS (Transport Layer Security)
To DS field
data frames
MAC sublayer
management frames
overview
TPC (transmit power control)
TPC Report frames
TPC Request frames
traffic identifier (TID) subfield
QoS Control field
RDP
WMM analysis
traffic indication map (TIM) element
overview
power management
training request (TRQ) subfield
transition security networks (TSNs)
transmission of frames
transmit ASEL procedure
transmit beamforming (TxBF)
calibration
explicit feedback
implicit feedback
Transmit Beamforming Capabilities field
Transmit NDP Capable subfield
transmit opportunity (TXOP)
block acknowledgments
limits
power management
QoS
QoS Control field
RDP
transmit power control (TPC)
transmit power management
Transmit Power statistic
transmit spectrum masks
Transmit Staggered Sounding Capable subfield
Transmit (Tx) state in STAs
transmitter address (TA)
data frames
MAC sublayer
RTS frames
TKIP
transmitting state in wireless radio
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
triggering protection mechanisms
troughs, signal
TRQ (training request) subfield
TS Delay field
TS Info field
TSC (TKIP sequence counter)
TSF (timing synchronization function)
TSNs (transition security networks)
TSPEC field
TTAK (TKIP-mixed transmit address and key)
tuning forks
tunnelled EAP
TUs (time units) in beacon frames
Tx (Transmit) state in STAs
TX MCS Set Defined subfield
TX RX MCS Set Not Equal subfield
TX STBC subfield
TxBF (transmit beamforming)
calibration
explicit feedback
implicit feedback
Transmit Beamforming Capabilities field
TXOP. See transmit opportunity (TXOP)
TXOP Duration Requested field
TXOP holders
TXOP Limit field
Type subfield
U
U-APSD (unscheduled automatic power save delivery)
uncontrolled ports
802.1X security
EAP
unicast addresses
unicast frames
ACK frames
HT
probe response frames
TIM
unidirectional implicit feedback
UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) frequency bands
channels
UNII-
UNII-
UNII-2 Extended
UNII-
uniqueness of RF signatures
unscheduled automatic power save delivery (U-APSD)
UP (user priority) levels
upper-layer data
USB form factor
UseProtection bit
user priority (UP) levels
V
Value/Offset filter option
vendor-specific elements
Version field
Video access priority
video camera RF signatures
virtual BSSIDs
virtual carrier-sense
Virtual carrier-sense field
Voice access priority
Voice over IP (VoIP) systems
analysis
call
WMM
dropped calls
latency and jitter
peer maps
Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) systems
ACK frames
analysis
call
WMM
ping-pong roaming
Voice Personal certification
VoIP. See Voice over IP (VoIP) systems
VoWiFi. See Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) systems
W
waterfall plots
wavelengths
WDS (wireless distribution system)
data frames
MAC sublayer
WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance)
WEP. See Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
WEP bit
Wi-Fi Alliance
Wi-Fi CERTIFIED certification
Wi-Fi Interoperability Certificate
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
access categories
analysis
certification
EDCA for
QoS Control field
WMM-PS
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) certification
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) certification
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) certification
Wi-Fi technology
cards
spectrum analysis
VoWiFi. See Voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) systems
wireless video cameras
WMM. See Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
wide-band jammers
WIDS (Wireless Intrusion Detection System)
wildcards
BSSIDs
MAC address filters
SSIDs
WIPS (Wireless Intrusion Protection System)
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
MAC sublayer
Open System authentication
overview
RSNIE
TKIP seeds
wired NICs
wireless analysis
with remote capture probes
with remote engines
wired analysis combined with
wireless distribution system (WDS)
data frames
MAC sublayer
Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA)
Wireless filter option
Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS)
Wireless Intrusion Protection System (WIPS)
wireless local area networks (WLANs)
bridge links
encryption methods
CCMP
TKIP
WEP
management frames
overview
wireless multimedia. See Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
wireless NICs
drivers
overview
RF monitor mode
wireless policies
wireless probes
wireless radios
wireless sensors, centralized servers with
wireless video camera RF signatures
Wireshark protocol analyzer
4-Way Handshake
802.1X/EAP frame exchanges
association sequences
beacon field frames
CCMP-encrypted frames
channel selection
conversation window
packet decode screen
RTP analysis
Shared Key authentication
TIM field
TKIP-encrypted frames
VoIP call playback
WLANs. See wireless local area networks (WLANs)
WME element
WMM. See Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)
WMM Power-Save (WMM-PS)
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) certification
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) certification
WPA2-Personal
WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) certification
X
XOR operators
DSSS
TKIP
WEP