• Stored procedure: Sealed script as the best way to prevent SQL injection attacks.
• Input validation: Controls input, prevents SQL injection, buffer and integer overflow attacks.
• Baseline: List of applications before and after to see changes. Only method to detect zero-day attacks.
• Obfuscation: Masks or obscures code.
• Steganography: Hides data inside other data.
• Sandboxing: Isolates applications for testing and patching if they are dangerous.