Acknowledgements
Preface
1
RESEARCH ON ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT AND STRATEGIC CHANGE: SOME LIMITATIONS
Organisational Change and Development
Origins, History, and Development of Organisational Development
Research on Organisational Change and Development
Context and Process in Existing Research on Organisational Change
Elements of the Literature on Strategic Choice and Change
Bearings
2
CONTEXT, CULTURE AND POLITICS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC CHANGE
Criticisms of Organisation Theory and Behaviour
Analytical Bearings: Linking Context, Process, and Organisational Changing
Data Base and Research Questions
The Political and Cultural Perspective on Organisational Process
The Levels of Analysis and Particular Study Questions
3
ICI IN ITS CHANGING BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Trends and Characteristics of the Chemical Industry
Some Trends and Characteristics of the UK Chemical Industry and Its Economic Context, 1960–83
The Recent Business History, Culture, and Performance of ICI
ICI Compared with Some Major Competitors, 1967–81
4
IMPLEMENTING CORPORATE CHANGE: A ROLE FOR ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT 1965–72
The Central Organisation Development Resources, 1964–72: An Overview
Antecedents of MUPS and WSA
Dealing with Resistance to Change: The Birth and Early Life of Central Organisation Development
The Legacy of WSA and SDP
5
THE HEAVY HAND OF HISTORY: BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL INNOVATION IN AGRICULTURAL DIVISION
Billingham Division: Business History, Organisation and Culture 1920–57
Business History and Development, 1958–83
Agricultural Division Organisation Development: An Overview
Antecedents of Organisation Development
Social Innovation in Agricultural Division 1962–69
6
THE ORGANIC STRATEGY FOR CREATING CHANGE: AGRICULTURAL DIVISION
Birth and Pioneering, 1969–72
Diffusion and Doubt, 1972–76
Opportunism and Refocussing 1977–83
Postscript: Business Survival and Regeneration: A Role for Organisation Development for the 1980’s?
7
THE ENFORCED STRATEGY FOR CREATING CHANGE: PETROCHEMICALS DIVISION
Heavy Organic Chemicals/Petrochemicals Division: Business History, Organisation, and Culture: 1958–81
Petrochemicals Division Organisation Development Unit: An Overview
Antecedents of the Organisation Development Unit
The Birth: From Task Force to Organisation Development Unit 1970–72
Demise of the Organisation Development Unit 1972–73
Organisation Development: The End
8
THE CHANGE STRATEGY WITHOUT POLITICAL SUPPORT: PLASTICS DIVISION
Plastics Division: Business History, Organisation and Culture, 1945–81
Plastics Division's Use of Specialist Organisation Development Resources: An Overview
Antecedents
Creation and Early Life of Training and Personnel Development Department
Redundancy and the False Dawn, 1972–76
The Demise of Organisation Development in Plastics Division
9
THE TOP-DOWN STRATEGY FOR CREATING CHANGE: MOND DIVISION
Business History, Organisation, and Management Culture
Mond Division's Use of Development Resources: An Overview
Organisation Development and the Mond Board, 1970–76
Organisation Development in the Trenches: The Works and Industrial Relations 1965–76
The Lostock Experiment and its Legacy
The Beginnings of Purpose and Unity on the Mond Board, 1977–79
Business Crisis: Harnessing the Developmental Capability in Mond, 1979–83
10
STRATEGIC CHANGE AND ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT AT THE CENTRE OF POWER, 1973–83
The Structure, Systems, and Top Management Culture of ICI in the 1970’s
The Condition and Use of Organisation Development, 1973–77
Opening up ICI to Strategic Change: the 1974–77 Attempts
Strategic Change and the Condition and Use of Organisation Development, 1973–83
The Contribution of Organisation Development Resources and Methods to Strategic Change in ICI
11
PROCESSES OF STRATEGIC CHANGE: SOME PATTERNS
The Overall Pattern of Change: Revolution and Incremental Adjustment
Some Patterns in Processes of Strategic Change
Managerial Tasks in Creating Strategic Change
12
THE USE, IMPACT, AND FATE OF SPECIALIST CHANGE RESOURCES
Variation in the Natural History of Development and Impact of Organisation Development Resources in ICI
Contexts, Antecedents, and Birth Processes of Organisation Development in ICI
The Structure, Internal Development, Strategy, and Legitimacy of the Organisation Development Groups
The Dilemma of Exclusivity and Inclusivity for Innovating Groups
The ICI Use of Organisation Development: Some Lessons
References
Index
