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III. Building Web Services
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III. Building Web Services
by Mike Kopack, Stephen Potts
Sams Teach Yourself Web Services in 24 Hours
Copyright
Dedication
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
We Want to Hear from You!
Introduction
Scope
The Organization of This Book
Part I: Introducing Web Services
Part II: Working with Web Services
Part III: Building Web Services
Part IV: Advanced Topics
Part V: Appendices
Conventions Used in This Book
Source Code and Updates
I. Introducing Web Services
1. Understanding Web Services
Understanding What Web Services Are
The Great Promise of Web Services
The Key Components
Tools and Vendors
Who Manages the Web Services Specifications
The World Wide Web Consortium
OASIS
WS-I
The Specification Process
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
2. Advantages of Web Services
Legacy Systems
Lower Operational Costs
Lower Software Development Cost
Faster System Development
Better Interfaces with Customers
Better Integration with External Business Partners
New Revenue Opportunities
Completely New Business Models
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
3. Disadvantages and Pitfalls of Web Services
Pitfalls of Web Services
Performance Issues
Lack of Standards
Newness of Web Service Technology
Staffing Issues
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activity
4. Comparing Web Services to Other Technologies
Stub/Skeleton Based Architectures
CORBA
Java RMI
DCOM
HTTP Transactional-based Architectures
CGI
Servlets/JSP
ASP and PHP
Screen Scrapers
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activity
5. Typical Web Services Designs
Designing the Conglomerate Reporting System
Reasons for Dissatisfaction
Past Attempts at a Solution
Basic Analysis
Designing the Conglomerate Web Services Solution
Defining the Server and the Clients
Deciding on the Transmission Primitives
Designing the Messages
Designing the Project
Redesigning the Shop Floor System
Reasons for Dissatisfaction
Basic Analysis
Designing the Shop Floor Web Service
Defining the Shop Floor Servers and the Clients
Deciding on the Transmission Primitives
Designing the Shop Floor Messages
Writing the Web Services Code
Designing an E-Commerce Site
Defining the CheapestCamera Servers and the Clients
Deciding on the CheapestCamera Transmission Primitives
Designing the CheapestCamera Messages
Programming the CheapestCamera Web Service
Uniqueness of Web Services Designs
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
II. Working with Web Services
6. The Web Services Architecture
The Goal of the Web Services Architecture
The SOA
The Major Components of the Architecture
SOAP
Extensible Markup Language
Hypertext Transport Protocol
HTTP State Management Mechanism (Cookies)
Web Services Description Language
The Structures and Data Types of XML Schema
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
Understanding Interactions Between Components
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
7. Understanding XML
Understanding Why We Need XML
The Components of XML
The XML Grammar Rules
Understanding Namespaces
Understanding the XML Schema
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
8. Understanding How Web Services Communicate
TCP/IP and How the Internet Works
HTTP
Message Queues
SMTP
FTP
Jabber
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activity
9. Exchanging Messages with SOAP
What SOAP Is
Why SOAP Is Different
The SOAP Grammar
The SOAP-ENV:Envelope Tag
The SOAP-ENV:Body Tag
The SOAP-ENV:Header Tag
Reporting Errors to the Client
SOAP Data Types
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
10. Describing a Web Service with the Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
The WSDL Document
The Concrete and Abstract Description
The types Element
The message Element
The operation Element
The portType Element
The binding Element
The port Element
The service Element
The definitions Element
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
11. Advertising a Web Service
The Need to Advertise a Web Service
The Purpose of a Registry
Vending Registry Entries
Purchasing-oriented Registry Entries
Creating a Private Registry
Creating a Semiprivate Registry
Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)
The UDDI Architecture
Programming with UDDI
Types of Discovery
Design-time Discovery
Runtime Discovery
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
12. Sending Attachments with Web Services
The Problem with Binary Data
Using Base64 Encoding
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
Direct Internet Message Encapsulation
Understanding the New SOAP 1.2 Attachment Feature
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
III. Building Web Services
13. Creating Web Services with Apache Axis
Understanding Apache Axis
The Axis Architecture
Handlers
Chains
Transport
The SOAP Engine
Dispatcher
Transport Listeners
Transport Senders
Creating Web Services with Axis
Creating a Client for an Axis Web Service
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
14. Creating Web Services with Java
What’s Included in the Java Web Services Developer Pack
Building a Simple Web Service
Deploying and Registering the Service
Creating a Client to Attach to the Service
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activity
15. Creating Web Services with .NET
Understanding the .NET Architecture
Visual Studio .NET
Pros and Cons of Microsoft Tools
The .NET Runtime
Common Language Runtime
The .NET Framework
Namespaces and Naming Conventions
Building a Simple Web Service
Creating Your Own Web Service
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
16. Creating .NET Web Service Clients
Exchanging Complex Data
Creating a Web Service to Connect with
Creating the Web Services Client
Discovering a Web Service
Writing a Client for the Discovered Service
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
17. Creating Web Services with BEA WebLogic Workshop
The Architecture of the WebLogic Workshop Product
Creating a Web Service with WebLogic Workshop
Adding a Method to the Web Service
Building the Web Service in WebLogic Workshop
Creating Web Services Clients with WebLogic Workshop
Creating a Conversation That Maintains State
Working an Example
Testing the Example
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
18. Creating Web Services with IBM WebSphere
IBM and Web Services
WebSphere Studio Application Developer
Developing a Web Service with WSAD
Creating the Project
Adding the Code
Generating the Web Service
Testing the Web Service
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
19. Creating Web Services with Other Toolkits
The Mind Electric GLUE
Building a Service with GLUE
Building a Client Application with GLUE
PocketSOAP
Building a Client Application with PocketSOAP
SOAP::Lite
Building a Service with SOAP::Lite
Building a Client Application with SOAP::Lite
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
20. Comparing the Different Web Services Tools
The Importance of Choosing the Best Web Services Tool
The Products Chosen for Evaluation
Establishing the Evaluation Criteria
Cost
Legacy Experience
Steepness of Learning Curve
Development Speed
Compatibility with Legacy Systems
Vendor Track Record and Commitment
Vendor Niche
Quality of Documentation
Other Benefits of the Products
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
IV. Advanced Topics
21. Web Services Interoperability
Making Web Services Interoperate
The Limitations of Interoperability
Ambiguous Standards
Versions of Standards
Distributed Support Model
New Standards on the Horizon
Meeting the Challenge
Leading Without Bleeding
Testing for Interoperability
The Web Services Interoperability Organization
Profiles
Testing Tools
Sample Applications
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
22. Web Service Security
Defining Web Services Security
Targets and Target Hardening
Attacks
The Web’s Security Infrastructure
The Secure Sockets Layer
How SSL Works
Using SSL to Send SOAP Messages
Limitations of SSL
The Proposed Security Specifications
XML Signature
XML Key Management Specification
XML Encryption
SAML
WS-Security
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
23. Web Services in the Real World
Case Studies of Real Web Service Solutions
Google
Amazon
Microsoft’s MapPoint.NET
Merrill Lynch
The Home Depot
Providence Health System
Web Services Directories on the Web
www.xmethods.com
www.salcentral.com
www.remotemethods.com
uddi.microsoft.com
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activity
24. The Future of Web Services
Nontraditional Uses
Using UDDI As a Software Reuse Catalog
Using WSDL as a Design Document
Using SOAP as an EAI Language
A New Version of UDDI
UDDI Version 3
Understanding W3C’s Web Services Architecture
WS-Transaction
Business Process Execution Language for Web Services
Summary
Q&A
Workshop
Quiz
Quiz Answers
Activities
V. Appendixes
A. Installing Apache Tomcat and Axis
Tomcat
Starting Tomcat
Testing the Installation
Axis
Starting Axis
Testing the Installation
B. Installing the Java Web Services Developer Pack
C. Installing and Configuring Other Toolkits
The Mind Electric GLUE 3.0
PocketSOAP Installation and Configuration
SOAP::Lite Installation and Configuration
Some Useful Web Services Acronyms
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12. Sending Attachments with Web Services
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13. Creating Web Services with Apache Axis
Part III. Building Web Services
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