^[13] Thomas Merton, Raids on the Unspeakable (New York: New Directions. 1966).

^[14] Jerry Harvey, "The Abilene Paradox," Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1974, 64–83.

^[15] Jerry Harvey, "Organizations as Phrog Farms," Organizational Dynamics, Spring 1977, 15–23.

^[16] Wilfred Bion, Attention and Interpretation (New York: Basic Books. 1970).

^[17] Robert Frost, In the Clearing (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1979). Reprinted by permission.

^[18] Carl Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, ed. Aniela Jaffe (New York: Pantheon Books, 1963).

^[19] Editorial, "Watergate: The Painful Puzzle of Why." Washington Star and Daily News. 27 May, 1973. E1.

^[20] William Greider, "Loyalty Over Conscience: Nixon Aide Tries to Explain Why," Washington Post, 8 June 1973, A20. Reprinted with permission of The Washington Post.

^[21] "Text of Jeb Stuart Magruder Testimony Before the Senate Select Watergate Committee," Washington Post, 15 June 1973, A14.

^[22] Ibid.

^[23] Anatol Rapaport and Albert Chammah, The Prisoner's Dilemma (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1970).

^[24] William Shakespeare. Hamlet, act 3, sc. 2. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (New York: Airmont Publishing Inc., 1965).

^[25] Charles P. Snow, Two Cultures: And a Second Look (London: Cambridge University Press, 1959), 6.

^[26] Tannenbaum, Robert, "Organizational Change Has to Come Through Individual Change." Innovation. No. 23 (August, 1971):36–43.

^[27] William Greider, "The Lost Sheep ... Magruder's Sincerity Praised," Washington Post, 15 June 1973, A16.

^[28] Snow, Two Cultures, 6

^[29] Amanda Vesey, The Princess and the Frog (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1985).

^[30] Frederick Herzberg, "One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?" Harvard Business Review 46 (January–February 1968):53–62.

^[31] Alfred Marrow, Making Waves in Foggy Bottom (Washington, D.C. : NTL Institute, 1974).

^[32] Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York : Viking, 1976). Copyright © 1963, 1964 by Hannah Arendt. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Viking Penguin Inc.

^[33] R.D. Laing, The Divided Self(New York: Pelican Books, 1965).

^[34] The Living Bible (Paraphrased) (London: Tyndale House, 1971).

^[35] James H. Boren, When in Doubt, Mumble: A Bureaucrat's Handbook (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1972).

^[36] Robert Bretall, A Kierkegaard Anthology (New York: Modern Library, 1946).

^[37] Carl Jung, The Portable Jung, ed. Joseph Campbell (New York : Viking Press, 1971).

^[38] Erich Fromm, Escape from Freedom (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969).

^[39] John J. Fialka, "Can the U.S. Army Fight? ... The Officers Do More in the Volunteer Army," Washington Star, 19 December 1980, 1.

^[40] Ibid.

^[41] Harper's Bible Dictionary, ed. Paul Achtemeir (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 357.

^[42] National Transportation Safety Board, Aircraft Accident Report: Japan Air Lines Co., Ltd. DC-8-62, JA80325 (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Aviation Safety, 31 December 1969).

^[43] Rod MacLeish, "The Fine Art of Apology," Washington Star, 10 January 1981, A11.

^[44] Sissela Bok, Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Lift (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978), 8.

^[45] Ibid., 132.

^[46] Cambridge Survey Research, 1975 and 1976, cited in ibid., xviii.

^[47] Charles Peters, "Would Carter Ever Lie About His Pulse Rate?" Washington Post, 17 June 1979, B8.

^[48] William Berkeley, "To Some at Harvard, Telling Lies Becomes a Matter of Course," Wall Street journal, 15 January 1979, 1.

^[49] Wilfred Bion, Attention and Interpretation (New York: Basic Books, 1970).

^[50] Chris Argyris, Intervention Theory and Method (Reading: Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1970).

^[51] Rene A. Spitz, "Hospitalism: A Follow-up Report," in Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, Vol. 2 (New Haven: Yale University, 1946).

^[52] George Vaillant, Adaptation to Life (Boston: Little, Brown, 1977).

^[53] "Anatomy of an Illness (as Perceived by the Patient)," New England journal of Medicine 295(1976):1458–63.

^[54] Michael Maccoby, The Gamesman: The New Corporate Leader (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976).

^[55] Argyris, Intervention Theory and Method.

^[56] Vaillant, Adaptation to Life, 110.

^[57] Edmund Wilson, On Human Nature (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978).

^[58] Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York: Viking, 1976). Copyright © 1963, 1964 by Hannah Arendt. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Viking Penguin Inc.

^[59] Ibid., 175.

^[60] Ibid.

^[61] Ibid., 14.

^[62] Ibid., 25.

^[63] Ibid., 16.

^[64] Ibid., 131.

^[65] Bruno Bettelheim, "Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations," journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 38(1943):417–52.

^[66] Jules Feiffer, Little Murders (New York: Penguin Books, 1983).

^[67] Elliott Jaques, A General Theory of Bureaucracy (New York: Halstead, 1976).

^[68] Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1969).

^[69] Arendt, Eichmann, 105.

^[70] Ibid., 109.

^[71] Ibid., 11.

^[72] Halle, Kay. The Irrepressible Churchill. (New York: Facts on File Publications, 1985), 133. Copyright © 1966, 1985 by Kay Halle. Reprinted with permission of Facts On File, Inc., New York.

^[73] Arendt, Eichmann. 117.

^[74] Ibid., 218.

^[75] Ibid., 119.

^[76] Herbert A. Striner, "Economic Health Requires Investing in Labor Force," Washington Star, 6 February 1981, A12.

^[77] Ibid.

^[78] Arendt, Eichmann, 85.

^[79] Priscilla Meyer, "No More Nice Guy: Traditionally Paternal Equitable Life Rattles Staff by Mass Firings," Wall Street Journal, 11 December 1978, 1.

^[80] Leo, John. "Cleansing the Mother Tongue: Wanda Updates Ralph on Orgies, Frigidity and One Night Stands," Time, 27 December 1982. 78.

^[81] George Vaillant. Adaptation to Lift (Boston: Little. Brown. 1977).

^[82] Arendt, Eichmann, 59.

^[83] Meyer, "No More Nice Guy."

^[84] Arendt, Eichmann, 91.

^[85] Ibid.

^[86] Ibid.

^[87] Ibid., 119.

^[88] Ibid., 127.

^[89] Laurence Shames, "Crimes of Silence," Esquire, June 1982, 19–21.

^[90] Arendt, Eichmann, 119.

^[91] Walter Clark. The Ox-Bow Incident (New York: Signet Classics, 1940).

^[92] Arendt, Eichmann, 82.

^[93] Sissela Bok, Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Lift (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978), 13.

^[94] Arendt, Eichmann, 52.

^[95] Ibid., 119.

^[96] Meyer, "No More Nice Guys."

^[97] Barker, Karlyn. "U.S. Workers Facing RIF Get Little Aid. Washington Post, 9 September 1981, A1. Reprinted with permission of The Washington Post.

^[98] Wilfred Bion, Attention and Interpretation (New York: Basic Books, 1970).

^[99] Arendt, Eichmann, 12.

^[100] Ibid., 175.

^[101] William Ouchi, Theory Z (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1981).

^[102] Arendt, Eichmann, 106.

^[103] James Lynch, The Broken Heart: The Medical Consequences of Loneliness (New York: Basic Books. 1977).

^[104] Arendt, Eichmann, 32.

^[105] Ibid., 40.

^[106] George M. Kren and Leon H. Rappoport. The Holocaust and the Crisis of Human Behavior (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1980), 77.

^[107] Ibid., 108.

^[108] Arendt, Eichmann, 124.

^[109] Ouchi, Theory Z.

^[110] Philip Slater, The Pursuit of Loneliness: American Culture at the Breaking Point (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970).

^[111] Rowen, Hobart. "Management: Family Affair, Japan Tells U.S. Firms, Washington Post, 12 April 1981, G20.

^[112] Ibid.

^[113] Johnny Paycheck, "Take This Job and Shove It, I Ain't Working Here No More," Epic Records (Columbia), 1978.

^[114] Jaques, General Theory, 190–91.

^[115] Edmund Wilson, On Human Nature (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), 149.

^[116] Vaillant, Adaptation to Lift, 110.

^[117] "Furloughs: Long Days, Short Morale," Fairfax Journal. 11 March 1982.

^[118] "A&P Workers Agree to Wage Cuts," Washington Post, Washington Business section, 20 December 1982, 9.

^[119] Arendt, Eichmann, 171.

^[120] Ouchi, Theory Z, 1981.

^[121] Richard T. Pascale and Anthony G. Athos, The Art of Japanese Management (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981).

^[122] Thomas Rohlen, For Harmony and Strength: Japanese White-Collar Organization in Anthropological Perspective (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974).

^[123] Sigmund Freud, Totem and Taboo, trans. James Stackey (New York: Norton, 1950).

^[124] Solomon Asch, Social Psychology (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1952).

^[125] Wilfred Bion, Experiences in Groups (New York: Basic Books, 1961).

^[126] Irving Janis, Victims of Groupthink (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972).

^[127] Jerry Harvey, "Type of Influence, Magnitude of Discrepancy, Degree of Dogmatism as Determinants of Conformity Behavior," Unpublished doctoral dissertation (Austin: University of Texas, 1963).

^[128] Asch, Social Psychology, 450–501.

^[129] Janis. Victims of Groupthink.

^[130] Leon Salzman, The Obsessive Personality (New York: Science House, 1968), 274.

^[131] Time. "The Battle over Bureaucracy." 6 March 1978, 13.

^[132] Eugene T. Mallove, "Einstein's Intoxication with the God of the Cosmos," Washington Post. 22 December 1985, C4.

^[133] Academic Fraud and the Honor System (Charlottesville: University of Virginia, undated).

^[134] Henry Mintzberg, The Nature of Managerial Work (New York: Harper & Row, 1973).

^[135] Peter Vaill, "Toward a Behavioral Description of High-Performing Systems," In McCall, Morgan et al., Leadership: Where Else Can We Go? (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1978), 111.

^[136] Chris Argyris and Donald A. Schon, Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1978).

^[137] George Vaillant, Adaptation to Life (Boston: Little, Brown, 1977), 386.

^[138] Ibid., 110.

^[139] Ibid., 385.

^[140] Ibid., 110.

^[141] Hans Selye, Stress Without Distress (New York: Signet Books, 1974), 5.

^[142] Ibid., 7.3

^[143] Edmund Wilson, On Human Nature (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), 149–50.

^[144] Rene A. Spitz, "Hospitalism: A Follow-up Report," in Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, Vol. 2 (New Haven: Yale University, 1946).

^[145] James Lynch, The Broken Heart: The Medical Consequences of Loneliness (New York: Basic Books, 1977).

^[146] Philip Slater, The Pursuit of Loneliness: American Culture at the Breaking Point (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970).

^[147] Jerry Harvey, "Class Syllabus: Individual and Group Dynamics" (Washington, D.C.: George Washington University, 1983).

^[148] Barry Farber, "The Loneliness of the Burnt-Out Teacher," Psychology Today, July 1982, 28–29.

^[149] Carol Pemberton, "Results from the Spring 1983 Student and Faculty Surveys on Academic Honesty at the University of Delaware," Institutional Research Study 83 — 32 (Newark: University of Delaware, 1983).