“Teachers influence their students not only by how and what they teach but also by how they relate, teach and model social and emotional constructs, and manage the classroom” (Jennings & Greenberg, 2009, p. 499). Intuitively, administrators and educators know that self-care is good for teachers’ efficacy and for their personal quality of life. Unfortunately, for some, this may not be motivation enough to take steps towards self-care. We also know that self-care strengthens personal and family relationships. The benefits of self-care for teachers in their professional lives, however, may still go unnoticed or be underappreciated. We might find the motivation to take care of ourselves and declare it as a top priority if we see all of the other added advantages, namely the improvement in student learning and school climates.

Many teachers can relate to the days when we start the day or week already rundown, and things seem to spiral downwards in the classroom as well. Your lousy night’s sleep, the traffic accident on the way to school, or a sick family member can mean our students will feel your stress, too. Hattie and Yates’ (2014) Visible Learning and the Science of How We Learn supports this notion:

So by a teacher’s daily presence alone, even before introducing direct instruction in wellness strategies, students are absorbing and mimicking the habits of coping or reacting to everyday stresses. Whether a teacher makes a conscious effort or not to put their well-being as a priority, the teacher’s default emotional and mental state will affect the students and the climate they are inhabiting and creating together.

A teacher’s chronic state of stress might seem like an issue a teacher can compartmentalize for outside the classroom or shield in some way from their students and colleagues. This might even be applauded as a spectacular feat of strength and courage to muscle through our days serving our students first even if we are feeling burnout. You might have a visual of popular teacher memes that circulate of a split photo of a fresh, well-groomed teacher in August on one side and a haggardly disheveled teacher by May on the other side. What’s harder to see in a meme is that day-to-day effect of teacher’s interactions and rapport with students. Hattie and Yates (2014) warn that,

This makes the well-being of teachers and its outward signs (body language, gestures, tone, expression) of the utmost importance in the lives of our students.

Sometimes it is hard to track or see these effects because there are several stages between a teacher’s intentional care for themselves and a student’s success or progress. A teacher’s self-care practice, for example, might set them up to have the patience and the capacity to connect with students more frequently. As Jennings and Greenberg (2009) emphasize: “Supportive relationships with teachers can promote feelings of safety and connectedness among students, providing the social support necessary to thrive socially, emotionally, and academically” (p. 501). Often, we know a teacher will not see the effects of their teaching on their students themselves and hope and wonder what became of so many students. Hattie and Yates point out that “a recent American study found that marked improvements in student achievement occurred not in the year the program was carried out, but in the year following the intervention, with student grades improving nine percentile points in the targeted students” (p. 17). The delayed benefits make teacher self-care and, consequently, teacher–student relationships challenging to recognize at that moment without extensive and long-term tracking of students. It is no wonder that self-care is not sticking as a priority (for teachers, but for school culture as well) as its benefits on students and schools often remain invisible to us.

Despite this difficulty in making the teacher–student wellness connection visible, we are increasingly seeing that teacher self-care does, indeed, lead to changes in their students, classrooms, and school. Seeing real cases of how the well-being of teachers has improved students’ lives and school communities may finally be the catalyst for teachers (and our educational systems) to begin taking care of teachers more seriously. Here are inspiring instances where teachers who took care of themselves saw their schools and students benefit as well.

A second-grade teacher practices closing her eyes and breathing deeply when she is feeling stressed in her classroom. She has shared that she tells the students she is taking a moment for herself. It helps her to stay calm so that she is present for her students. At that moment, she is not worrying if her students are also practicing. She is taking a moment for herself.

A middle-school teacher has students write in their journals about how they’re feeling after recess. She spends the time writing in her journal, noticing where she’s at emotionally at this point in the day. The energy in the classroom has shifted dramatically since she began implementing the journal and she has found that she has more energy and positive interactions for the remainder of the day.

A high-school teacher often takes deep breaths when she encounters stressful situations in the classroom. Practicing deep breaths doesn’t necessarily make her feel less frustrated, but doing so allows her to stay calm and in control.

Teachers report that they have heard students tell them that they see their teacher “taking a break” with a quick head massage or a deep breath. They’ve shared that sometimes teachers need a break, too and have become more sensitive to their teachers’ feelings.

In a middle-school classroom, some students were exhibiting less than desirable behavior choices. Before approaching the students, the teacher practiced a few deep breaths to make sure she stayed regulated. While she was doing this, she overheard a female student say to another “Why isn’t she yelling at them to stop?” The other student replied, “This is the teacher who doesn’t yell. She does that breathing thing instead.” Hearing the side conversations of the two young ladies hit home that students are observing how we as teachers are handling ourselves in stressful situations.

Many teachers conflate behavior management, social-emotional learning, mindfulness, and self-care practices. Thinking that if they “lose their cool” in front of students or “own” their stress and anxiety that they have failed. On the contrary, it is those educators who can articulte their emotions and model appropriate self-care and coping strategies who are not only creating safe, constructive classrooms for learning, but are also effectivley managing these classrooms by modeling positive ways to handle negative emotions giving their students the life skills they need to succeed in both the home and school environments.

Modeling self-care and building relaxation into the school day can be simple and easy. There is no need to rearrange desks or burn through instructional minutes with lengthy transitions. Included below are two simple relaxation activities, by Elias Patras, that can help dysregulated students, adults, and stakeholders who need a moment to pause and get centered.

Activity: Be the Tree

Close your eyes and take a breath in. Slowly allow yourself to relax as you exhale. You can sense that you start to relax from your toes up. Wiggle your toes and breath, allow each breath, each wiggle to let go of any stress in your toes and feet. With each breath in and out allow yourself to slowly relax even deeper. Take another breath in and out. Allow your legs to relax, your hips, your torso and arms. Move your neck slowly, release all tension in your neck and head. Take a deeper breath in and out. As you feel your body relaxing, visualize yourself emersed in nature. When you look around, you see an amazing large tree. Notice its beauty, its strong trunk, branches, and how tall and large this tree is. Notice its branches and how they expand wide into the sky above you. As you get closer to this tree, see yourself merging with the tree, you and the tree become one. Your legs become the roots of the tree, your body becomes the trunk, your arms become the branches. You can feel your roots go deep into the ground. Down through the dirt all the way down to the center of the Earth. See your roots being strong, solid and well grounded. Imagine, if you will, your body, the trunk of the tree, how strong this center is, how solid. Now notice your branches how they expand, how they are able to hold many leaves, and wild life. See how these branches expand even higher up, all the way into the sky, into the clouds. See how you are part of nature, earth, and the sky above. Focus on your breath and when you are feeling larger than you can imagine with your tree, take that all in, and breathe again.

Activity: Climb the Mountain

Take a calming breath in and slowly exhale out. Take another breath and slowly exhale out. If is accessible and feels safe, close your eyes. See yourself on a beautiful mountain, surrounded by the green of the land. There is a path on this mountain, and you decide to take it. The walk is easy and effortless, with each step you have a sense of purpose, a sense of accomplishment. Not knowing what will be at the top of the mountain but knowing you will have achieved going to the top of this mountain with ease. You are about a quarter of the way up, and as you look down you can see the forest the trees and realize that with each breath in and out, this journey was easy. You continue to go up the mountain and you see birds flying and soaring effortlessly. You notice that you are halfway up this mountain. The path is clear. The climb is easy. You are not out of breath but feel energized. As you continue your climb you can see footprints on the path. Others have traveled here before. Your footprint doesn’t fit these footprints but they are similar in shape. It is comforting to know that this climb has been done by others before you. You notice even more footprints but they stop somewhere closer to the top. As you look down you can hardly see the trees. They look like pretty sticks standing straight up. You no longer see the footprints but you do see the top of the mountain. You have arrived. The top of the mountain is very green. The air is cool but refreshing. And at this moment you realized that you made this climb, it was effortless. Take a breath in and slowly exhale. Stretch your arms upward and as you lower them, open your eyes if they were closed.

Support from Stress: What the Research Says

Kiljoong Kim, PhD

Senior Policy Analyst, University of Chicago

Despite a series of research suggesting serious intervention for teacher stress as early as 1980s and onward (Cox, Boot, Cox, & Harrison, 1988; Guglielmi & Tatrow, 1998; Hall, Woodhouse, & Wooster, 1986; Kovess-Masféty, Rios-Seidel, & Sevilla-Dedieu, 2007), according to the participants of Mindful Practices professional development sessions, it is quite evident that there is a glaring absence of institutional support from schools and districts when it comes to managing stress for school-level staff. This includes teachers, counselors, and administrators (Table 3.1). Previous research defines teacher stress as depression, burnout, physical illness and poor quality of life leading to decreased retention (Fantuzzo et al., 2012; Yang, Ge, Hu, Chi, & Wang, 2009). Highly individualized remedies for stress (e.g., reading, exercising, drinking) means that many teachers are momentarily walking away from a potentially toxic work environment to deal with their stress only to find themselves returning to the same condition and repeat the venomous cycle. Furthermore, a recent study indicated that even institutionalized support such as professional development as the implementation of evidence-based classroom interventions could have minimal to no impact on reducing teacher stress (Ouellette et al., 2018). While there is tremendous irony given that teachers have long been providers of mental health services for students (Green et al., 2013; Rones & Hoagwood, 2000), such predicaments with unresolved working conditions lead many school administrators to deal with their stressed staff through such simplistic resolutions as giving them more time off away from schools or by seeking help without proper evaluation of their impact.

TABLE 3.1 Qualitative Responses to Reduce their Own Stress

Category Sub-categories Description Examples Notes on coding
Exercise/Sports/Active recreation Physical activity Exercise, work out, yoga Yoga is double coded as exercise and meditation
Meditation/Mindfulness Formal meditation Mentions of meditation or a meditation practice Meditate, yoga Yoga is double coded as exercise and meditation
Relaxation techniques Relaxation or meditation not in a formal framework Deep breathing, relaxation
Reflection Thinking about the day, journaling
Recreational activity (non-exercise/sports) Creative A hobby or outlet that involves creativity or arts Painting, writing Dance is double coded as creative and exercise
Social A hobby or outlet that involves being with others Volunteering, participating in club activities
Home/House A hobby or outlet that takes place in the home or is directed at the home Cooking, cleaning
Time with family and friends Spouse Any mention of family or friends Activities such as “take a walk with a friend” are coded as Active recreation/Time with friends
Family
Friends
Time alone Mentions of being alone Spend time alone, take a relaxing bath
Eating/Drinking Beer, drink wine Flag for alcohol consumption

(Kim, 2018)

As is the case with many efforts in education, teachers’ self-care is an iterative process without a silver bullet. That is, the painstaking efforts to raise awareness, determining what works, streamlining and institutionalizing so that self-care becomes a part of school/district culture require a great deal of planning and continuous evaluation at every step. Applying the lenses of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI), an ongoing process that evaluates what works and does not work to improve its processes, can create a culture of reflection and learning that can adapt along with the school whenever its staff or culture shifts. In fact, the same research that found evidence-based classroom interventions ineffective found organizational health including teacher connectedness to be the significant predictor for teacher stress and satisfaction (Ouellette et al., 2018). While school climate is heavily emphasized when it comes to the academic performance of students and their well-being, and the same degree of emphasis on climate exists for creating or sustaining a school, teacher-centered measures of school climate do not exist when it comes to the performance of teachers.

In order for leaders to consider a more structured, direct approach to deal with teachers’ stress, evaluation of initiatives, programs, or interventions can provide valuable information. This structured approach is particularly important given significant differences in teacher stress by various sociodemographic characteristics such as age, experience/rank, gender, and geography, and various other school conditions including resources, density, student behavior, and accountability policies (Atkins, Graczyk, Frazier, & Adil, 2003; Borg, Riding, & Falzon, 1991; Brown & Ralph, 1992; Cappella, Frazier, Atkins, Schoenwald, & Glisson, 2008; Laughlin, 1984; Pierce & Molloy, 1990; Punch & Tuettemann, 1990; Shernoff, Mehta, Atkins, Torf, & Spencer, 2011).

Education is a unique field and industry in that there is a persistent underlying belief that all activities ought to ultimately lead to positive student outcomes. While such belief may be considered noble, it also places daunting pressure on those who are accountable for student academics. Despite such a pressured environment, unlike many other professions, research shows evidence that financial incentives do not necessarily retain teachers and their emotional attachment to students play a significant role in their motives and longevity (Lam, 2019). But given that enhancing their work environment plays a key role, the next step is for policymakers and leaders in the field to facilitate the mechanism to achieve a good environment including holding administrators accountable not only for academic performance but for creating a climate in which both students and teachers feel connected.

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