NOTES

Chapter 1. Dirty Business

1. For a brief look at some of the long-term results of this strategy, see “A Rainforest Chernobyl,” ChevronToxico, accessed July 24, 2015, chevrontoxico.com/about/rainforest-chernobyl.

Chapter 3. “In for Life”

1. Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, 2nd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008).

2. Jane Mayer, “Contract Sport: What Did the Vice-President Do for Halliburton?” New Yorker, February 16 & 23, 2004, p. 83.

Chapter 4. Indonesia: Lessons for an EHM

1. Jean Gelman Taylor, Indonesia: Peoples and Histories (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003); and Theodore Friend, Indonesian Destinies (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2003). See also Rex Mortimer, Indonesian Communism under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959–1965 (Sheffield, UK: Equinox Publishing, 2006).

Chapter 5. Saving a Country from Communism

1. Tim Weiner, “Robert S. McNamara, Architect of a Futile War, Dies at 93,” New York Times, July 7, 2009, www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/us/07mcnamara.html.

Chapter 6. Selling My Soul

1. Susan Rosegrant and David R. Lampe, Route 128: Lessons from Boston’s High-Tech Community (New York: Basic Books, 1993).

Chapter 7. My Role as Inquisitor

1. Theodore Friend, Indonesian Destinies (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2003), 5.

Chapter 8. Civilization on Trial

1. Arnold Toynbee and D. C. Somervell, Civilization on Trial and The World and the West (New York: Meridian Books, 1958).

Chapter 10. Panama’s President and Hero

1. See David McCullough, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999); William Friar, Portrait of the Panama Canal: From Construction to the Twenty-First Century (New York: Graphic Arts Publishing Company, 1999); and Graham Greene, Conversations with the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984).

2. See “Zapata Petroleum Corp.,” Fortune, April 1958, p. 248; Darwin Payne, Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc. 1880–1978 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979); Stephen Pizzo, Mary Fricker, and Paul Muolo, Inside Job: The Looting of America’s Savings and Loans (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989); Gary Webb, Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion (New York: Seven Stories Press, 1999); and Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: HarperCollins, 1995).

3. Manuel Noriega and Peter Eisner, America’s Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega (New York: Random House, 1997); Omar Torrijos Herrera, Ideario (Editorial Universitaria Centroamericano, 1983); Graham Greene, Conversations with the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984).

4. Greene, Conversations; and Noriega and Eisner, Memoirs.

5. Derrick Jensen, A Language Older Than Words (New York: Context Books, 2000), 86–88.

6. Greene, Conversations; and Noriega and Eisner, Memoirs.

Chapter 11. Pirates in the Canal Zone

1. For further reading about the Canal Zone, see John Major, Prize Possession: The United States Government and the Panama Canal 1903–1979 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993); and David McCullough, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999).

Chapter 13. Conversations with the General

1. William Shawcross, The Shah’s Last Ride: The Fate of an Ally (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988); and Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, 2nd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008), 45.

2. A great deal has been written about Arbenz, United Fruit, and the violent history of Guatemala. See, for example, Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: Harper & Row, 1980); and Diane K. Stanley, For the Record: The United Fruit Company’s Sixty-Six Years in Guatemala (Guatemala City: Centro Impresor Piedra Santa, 1994). For quick reference, see “CIA Involved in Guatemala Coup, 1954,” last modified May 31, 2007, www.english.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/guatemala.html. For more on the Bush family’s involvement, see “Zapata Petroleum Corp.,” Fortune, April 1958, p. 248.

Chapter 14. Entering a New and Sinister Period in Economic History

1. “Robert S. McNamara: 8th Secretary of Defense,” accessed August 12, 2015, www.defense.gov/specials/secdef_histories/SecDef_08.aspx.

Chapter 15. The Saudi Arabian Money-Laundering Affair

1. For more on the events leading up to the 1973 oil embargo and the impact of the embargo, see Thomas W. Lippman, Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004), 155–159; Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power (New York: Free Press, 1993); Stephen Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983); and Ian Seymour, OPEC: Instrument of Change (London: Macmillan, 1980).

2. Lippman, Inside the Mirage, 160.

3. David Holden and Richard Johns, The House of Saud: The Rise and Rule of the Most Powerful Dynasty in the Arab World (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1981), 359.

4. Lippman, Inside the Mirage, 167.

Chapter 16. Pimping, and Financing Osama bin Laden

1. Robert Baer, Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Oil (New York: Crown Publishers, 2003), 26.

2. Thomas W. Lippman, Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004), 162.

3. Lippman, Inside the Mirage, 2.

4. Henry Wasswa, “Idi Amin, Murderous Ugandan Dictator, Dies,” Associated Press, August 17, 2003.

5. “The Saudi Connection,” US News & World Report, December 15, 2003, p. 21.

6. “The Saudi Connection,” 19, 20, 26.

7. Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair, October 2003. For more on the Bush family’s involvement, Bechtel, etc., see “Zapata Petroleum Corp.,” Fortune, April 1958, p. 248; Darwin Payne, Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc. 1880–1978 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979); Nathan Vardi, “Desert Storm: Bechtel Group Is Leading the Charge,” Forbes, June 23, 2003, pp. 63–66; Rob Wherry, “Contacts for Contracts,” Forbes, June 23, 2003, p. 65; Graydon Carter, “Editor’s Letter: Fly the Friendly Skies . . . ,” Vanity Fair, October 2003; and Richard A. Oppel Jr. with Diana B. Henriques, “A Nation at War: The Contractor,” New York Times, April 18, 2003, www.nytimes.com/2003/04/18/business/a-nation-at-war-the-contractor-company-has-ties-in-washington-and-to-iraq.html.

Chapter 17. Panama Canal Negotiations and Graham Greene

1. See, for example, John M. Perkins, “Colonialism in Panama Has No Place in 1975,” letter to the editor, Boston Evening Globe, September 19, 1975; and John M. Perkins, “US–Brazil Pact Upsets Ecuador,” letter to the editor, Boston Globe, May 10, 1976.

2. For examples of papers by John Perkins published in technical journals, see John M. Perkins et al., “A Markov Process Applied to Forecasting — Part 1: Economic Development,” Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Conference Papers C 73 475-1 (July 1973), and “Part II: The Demand for Electricity,” Conference Papers C 74 146-7 (January 1974); John M. Perkins and Nadipuram R. Prasad, “A Model for Describing Direct and Indirect Interrelationships between the Economy and the Environment,” Consulting Engineer, April 1973; Edwin Vennard, John M. Perkins, and Robert C. Ender, “Electric Demand from Interconnected Systems,” TAPPI Journal (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry), 28th Conference Edition, 1974; John M. Perkins et al., “Iranian Steel: Implications for the Economy and the Demand for Electricity” and “Markov Method Applied to Planning,” presented at the Fourth Iranian Conference on Engineering, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran, May 12–16, 1974; and John M. Perkins, foreword to Economic Theories and Applications: A Collection of Technical Papers (Boston: Chas. T. Main, Inc., 1975).

3. Perkins, “Colonialism in Panama.”

4. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984), 89–90.

5. Greene, Getting to Know the General.

Chapter 18. Iran’s King of Kings

1. William Shawcross, The Shah’s Last Ride: The Fate of an Ally (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988). For more about the Shah’s rise to power, see H. D. S. Greenway, “The Iran Conspiracy,” New York Review of Books, September 23, 2003; and Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, 2nd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008).

2. For more about Yamin, the Flowering Desert project, and Iran, see John Perkins, Shapeshifting (Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1997).

Chapter 19. Confessions of a Tortured Man

1. Erich Kolig, Conservative Islam: A Cultural Anthropology (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012).

2. Saeed Kamali Dehghan and Richard Norton-Taylor, “CIA Admits Role in 1953 Iranian Coup,” Guardian, August 19, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/19/cia-admits-role-1953-iranian-coup.

Chapter 20. The Fall of a King

1. For more about the shah’s rise to power, see H. D. S. Greenway, “The Iran Conspiracy,” New York Review of Books, September 23, 2003; and Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, 2nd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008).

2. See Time magazine cover articles on the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, February 12, 1979, January 7, 1980, and August 17, 1987.

Chapter 21. Colombia: Keystone of Latin America

1. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: Harper-Collins, 1995), 381.

Chapter 22. American Republic vs. Global Empire

1. For an expert opinion, see Dylan Matthews and Kimberly Ann Elliot, “Poor Countries Can Keep Workers Safe and Still Escape Poverty,” Washington Post, April 25, 2013, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/04/25/poor-countries-can-keep-workers-safe-and-still-escape-poverty. For information on sweatshops in China, in particular, see “Sweatshops in China,” War on Want, accessed August 12, 2015, www.waronwant.org/sweatshops-china.

Chapter 24. Ecuador’s President Battles Big Oil

1. Maria Guadalupe Moog Rodrigues, “Environmental Activism Beyond Brazil I — The Struggle against Oil Exploitation in Ecuador,” in Global Environmentalism and Local Politics: Transnational Advocacy Networks in Brazil, Ecuador, and India (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004), 93–114.

2. For extensive details on SIL, its history, its activities, and its association with the oil companies and the Rockefellers, see Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: HarperCollins, 1995); and Joe Kane, Savages (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995). For information on Rachel Saint, see Kane, Savages, 85, 156, 227.

3. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1987), 272.

4. José Carvajal Candall, “Objetivos y políticas de CEPE” (Quito: Primer Seminario, 1979), 88.

Chapter 26. Ecuador’s Presidential Death

1. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1987), 272.

2. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: Harper-Collins, 1995), 813.

3. Martz, Politics and Petroleum, 303.

4. Ibid., 381, 400.

Chapter 27. Panama: Another Presidential Death

1. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984), 11.

2. George Shultz was secretary of the Treasury and chairman of the Council on Economic Policy under Nixon–Ford, 1972–1974; executive president or president of Bechtel, 1974–1982; and secretary of state under Reagan–Bush, 1982–1989. Caspar Weinberger was director of the Office of Management and Budget and secretary of health, education, and welfare under Nixon–Ford, 1973–1975; vice president and general counsel of Bechtel Group, 1975–1980; and secretary of defense under Reagan–Bush, 1980–1987.

3. During the 1973 Watergate hearings, in his testimony before the US Senate, John Dean was the first to disclose US plots to assassinate Torrijos. In 1975, at Senate inquiries into the CIA, chaired by Senator Frank Church, additional testimony and documentation of plans to kill both Torrijos and Noriega were presented. See, for example, Manuel Noriega and Peter Eisner, America’s Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega (New York: Random House, 1997), 107.

Chapter 28. My Energy Company, Enron, and George W. Bush

1. For additional information on IPS, its wholly owned subsidiary Archbald Power Corporation, and former CEO John Perkins, see Jack M. Daly and Thomas J. Duffy, “Burning Coal’s Waste at Archbald,” Civil Engineering, July 1988; Vince Coveleskie, “Co-Generation Plant Attributes Cited,” Scranton Times, October 17, 1987; Robert Curran, “Archbald Facility Dedicated,” Scranton Tribune, October 17, 1987; “Archbald Plant Will Turn Coal Waste into Power,” Wilkes-Barre (PA) Citizens’ Voice, June 6, 1988; and “Liabilities to Assets: Culm to Light, Food,” editorial, Wilkes-Barre (PA) Citizens’ Voice, June 7, 1988.

2. Joe Conason, “The George W. Bush Success Story,” Harper’s Magazine, February 2000; and Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair, October 2003, p. 165.

3. Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” 178.

4. See George Lardner Jr. and Lois Romano, “The Turning Point after Coming Up Dry,” Washington Post, July 30, 1999; Conason, “The George W. Bush Success Story”; and Sam Parry, “The Bush Family ‘Oiligarchy,’” Consortiumnews.com, June 12, 2015, https://consortiumnews.com/2015/06/12/the-bush-family-oiligarchy.

5. This theory took on new significance and seemed ready to fall under the spotlight of public scrutiny when, years later, it became clear that the highly respected accounting firm of Arthur Andersen had conspired with Enron executives to cheat energy consumers, Enron employees, and the American public out of billions of dollars. The impending 2003 Iraq War pushed the spotlight away. During the war, Bahrain played a critical role in President George W. Bush’s strategy.

Chapter 29. I Take a Bribe

1. Jim Garrison, American Empire: Global Leader or Rogue Power? (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2004), 38.

Chapter 30. The United States Invades Panama

1. Manuel Noriega and Peter Eisner, America’s Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega (New York: Random House, 1997), 56.

2. David Harris, Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001), 31–34.

3. Harris, Shooting the Moon, 43.

4. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 212. See also Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair, October 2003, 165.

5. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 114.

6. See “George H. W. Bush,” Famous Texans, accessed August 12, 2015, www.famoustexans.com/georgebush.htm.

7. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 56–57.

8. Harris, Shooting the Moon, 6.

9. “George H. W. Bush,” Famous Texans.

10. Harris, Shooting the Moon, 4.

11. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 248.

12. Ibid., 211.

13. Ibid., xxi.

Chapter 31. An EHM Failure in Iraq

1. Morris Barrett, “The Web’s Wild World,” Time, April 26, 1999, p. 62.

Chapter 32. September 11 and Its Aftermath for Me, Personally

1. For more about the Huaorani, see Joe Kane, Savages (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995).

Chapter 33. Venezuela: Saved by Saddam

1. “Venezuela on the Brink,” editorial, New York Times, December 18, 2002.

2. “Venezuelan President Forced to Resign,” Associated Press, April 12, 2002.

3. Simon Romero, “Tenuous Truce in Venezuela for the State and Its Oil Company,” New York Times, April 24, 2002.

4. Bob Edwards, “What Went Wrong with the Oil Dream in Venezuela,” National Public Radio, Morning Edition, July 8, 2003.

5. Ginger Thompson, “Venezuela Strikers Keep Pressure on Chávez and Oil Exports,” New York Times, December 30, 2002.

6. For more on the jackals and other types of hit men, see P. W. Singer, Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003); James R. Davis, Fortune’s Warriors: Private Armies and the New World Order (Vancouver and Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre, 2000); and Felix I. Rodriguez and John Weisman, Shadow Warrior: The CIA Hero of 100 Unknown Battles (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).

7. Tim Weiner, “A Coup by Any Other Name,” New York Times, April 14, 2002.

8. “Venezuela Leader Urges 20 Years for Strike Chiefs,” Associated Press, February 22, 2003.

9. Paul Richter, “US Had Talks on Chávez Ouster,” Los Angeles Times, April 17, 2002.

Chapter 34. Conspiracy: Was I Poisoned?

1. American men fear China more than they fear ISIS. See “What Are Americans Most Afraid Of?,” Vanity Fair, January 2015, www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/01/fear-60-minutes-poll.

Chapter 35. A Jackal Speaks: The Seychelles Conspiracy

1. Although his name is on record for anyone who cares to delve, at his request, I’ve decided to use the alias of “Jack.” He has always maintained that he did not work for the CIA, which, strictly speaking, is true.

2. “Indian Ocean Isle Repulses Raiders,” New York Times, November 27, 1981, www.nytimes.com/1981/11/27/world/indian-ocean-isle-repulses-raiders.html.

3. For more information: “Trial Gives Peek at South African Intelligence Web,” by Joseph Lelyveld, New York Times, May 10, 1982, http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0A11FA3F5C0C738DDDAC0894DA484D81&scp=1&sq=TRIAL+GIVES+PEEK+AT+SOUTH+AFRICA+INTELLIGENCE+WEB+&st=nyt, and Mike Hoare, The Seychelles Affair (Paladin Press, 2009).

Chapter 36. Ecuador Rebels

1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, s.v. “Rafael Correa,” updated October 23, 2014, www.britannica.com/biography/Rafael-Correa.

2. Sandy Tolan, “Ecuador: Lost Promises,” National Public Radio, Morning Edition, July 9, 2003, www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2003/jul/latinoil.

3. Juan Forero, “Seeking Balance: Growth vs. Culture in Amazon,” New York Times, December 10, 2003.

4. Abby Ellin, “Suit Says ChevronTexaco Dumped Poisons in Ecuador,” New York Times, May 8, 2003.

Chapter 37. Honduras: The CIA Strikes

1. Mark Weisbrot, “Who’s in Charge of US Foreign Policy?, Guardian, July 16, 2009, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/jul/16/honduras-coup-obama-clinton.

2. Amy Goodman, “Exclusive Interview with Manuel Zelaya on the US Role in Honduran Coup, WikiLeaks and Why He Was Ousted,” Democracy Now!, May 31, 2011, www.democracynow.org/2011/5/31/exclusive_interview_with_manuel_zelaya_on.

Chapter 38. Your Friendly Banker as EHM

1. Nicholas Kristof, “A Banker Speaks, with Regret,” New York Times, November 30, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/opinion/kristof-a-banker-speaks-with-regret.html.

2. James McBride, Christopher Alessi, and Mohammed Aly Sergie, “Understanding the Libor Scandal,” Council on Foreign Relations, May 21, 2015, www.cfr.org/united-kingdom/understanding-libor-scandal/p28729.

Chapter 40. Istanbul: Tools of Modern Empire

1. “Use It and Lose It: The Outsize Effect of US Consumption on the Environment,” Scientific American, September 14, 2012, www.scientificamerican.com/article/american-consumption-habits.

Chapter 41. A Coup against Fundación Pachamama

1. Oliver Balch, “Buen Vivir: The Social Philosophy Inspiring Movements in South America,” Guardian, February 4, 2013, www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/buen-vivir-philosophy-south-america-eduardo-gudynas.

2. “The Hague Rules against Chevron in Ecuador Case,” teleSUR, March 13, 2015, www.telesurtv.net/english/news/The-Hague-Rules-against-Chevron-in-Ecuador-Case-20150313-0009.html.

3. “Data: Ecuador,” World Bank, updated September 17, 2015, http://data.worldbank.org/country/ecuador.

4. Daniel Cancel and Lester Pimentel, “Ecuador’s Audit Commission Finds ‘Illegality’ in Debt (Update 5),” Bloomberg.com, November 20, 2008, www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a8suBA8I.3ik.

Chapter 42. Another EHM Banking Scandal

1. Virginia Harrison and Mark Thompson, “5 Big Banks Pay $5.4 Billion for Rigging Currencies,” CNN Money, May 20, 2015, http://money.cnn.com/2015/05/20/investing/ubs-foreign-exchange/index.html.

2. Leo King, “Bandits, Mafia, Cartel. Bank Traders’ Astonishing Online Messages,” Forbes, May 21, 2015, www.forbes.com/sites/leoking/2015/05/21/forex-barclays-citi-ubs-jpmorgan-online-chat-instant-messenger.

3. Harrison and Thompson, “5 Big Banks Pay $5.4 Billion.”

4. Stephanie Clifford and Matt Apuzzo, “After Indicting 14 Soccer Officials, US Vows to End Graft in FIFA,” New York Times, May 27, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/sports/soccer/fifa-officials-arrested-on-corruption-charges-blatter-isnt-among-them.html.

5. Laura Shin, “The 85 Richest People in the World Have as Much Wealth as the 3.5 Billion Poorest,” Forbes, January 23, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2014/01/23/the-85-richest-people-in-the-world-have-as-much-wealth-as-the-3-5-billion-poorest.

6. Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva and Nick Galasso, “Working for the Few: Political Capture and Economic Inequality,” 178 Oxfam briefing paper — Summary, January 20, 2014, www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/bp-working-for-few-political-capture-economic-inequality-200114-summ-en.pdf.

7. “Poverty Overview,” World Bank, updated April 6, 2015, www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview.

8. James S. Henry, “Where the Money Went,” Across the Board, March/April 2004, 42–45. For more information, see James S. Henry, The Blood Bankers: Tales from the Global Underground Economy (New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003).

9. Jacob Kushner et al., “Burned Out: World Bank Projects Leave Trail of Misery Around Globe,” Huffington Post, April 16, 2015, http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/worldbank-evicted-abandoned/worldbank-projects-leave-trail-misery-around-globe-kenya.

Chapter 43. Who Are Today’s Economic Hit Men?

1. Lee Fang, “Where Have All the Lobbyists Gone?,” The Nation, February 19, 2014, www.thenation.com/article/shadow-lobbying-complex.

2. Brooks Barnes, “MPAA and Christopher Dodd Said to Be Near Deal,” New York Times, February 20, 2011, mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/20/m-p-a-a-and-christopher-dodd-said-to-be-near-deal.

3. Center for Responsive Politics, “Former Members,” OpenSecrets.org, accessed July 24, 2015, www.opensecrets.org/revolving/top.php?display=Z.

4. Fang, “Where Have All the Lobbyists Gone?”

5. Lee Drutman, “How Corporate Lobbyists Conquered American Democracy,” Atlantic, April 20, 2015, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/how-corporate-lobbyists-conquered-american-democracy/390822.

6. Conn Hallinan and Leon Wofsy, “‘The American Century’ Has Plunged the World into Crisis. What Happens Now?,” Common Dreams, June 22, 2015, www.commondreams.org/views/2015/06/22/american-century-has-plunged-world-crisis-what-happens-now.

7. Niraj Chokshi, “The United States of Subsidies: The Biggest Corporate Winners in Each State,” Washington Post, March 18, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2015/03/17/the-united-states-of-subsidies-the-biggest-corporate-winners-in-each-state.

8. See Jim Brunner, “Labor Group Disinvites Inslee over Boeing Tensions,” Seattle Times, July 20, 2015, www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/labor-group-disinvites-inslee-over-boeing-tensions; and Mike Baker, “Boeing to Throw Party to Thank Washington Lawmakers for $8.7B,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 4, 2014, www.stltoday.com/business/local/boeing-to-throw-party-to-thank-washington-lawmakers-for-b/article_6d191691-9f07-5063-8e67-c2808ad4b302.html.

9. Greg LeRoy, “Site Location 101: How Companies Decide Where to Expand or Relocate,” chap. 2 in The Great American Jobs Scam: Corporate Tax Dodging and the Myth of Job Creation (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2005); and Leroy, “Fantus and the Rise of the Economic War among the States,” chap. 3 in The Great American Jobs Scam.

10. Philip Mattera and Kasia Tarczynska, with Greg LeRoy, “Megadeals: The Largest Economic Development Subsidy Packages Ever Awarded by State and Local Governments in the United States,” Good Jobs First, June 2013, www.goodjobsfirst.org/sites/default/files/docs/pdf/megadeals_report.pdf.

11. Damian Carrington and Harry Davies, “US Taxpayers Subsidising World’s Biggest Fossil Fuel Companies,” Guardian, May 12, 2015, www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/may/12/us-taxpayers-subsidising-worlds-biggest-fossil-fuel-companies.

12. Andrea Germanos, “‘Corporate Influence Has Won’: House Passes Anti-GMO Labeling Bill,” Common Dreams, July 23, 2015, www.commondreams.org/news/2015/07/23/corporate-influence-has-won-house-passes-anti-gmo-labeling-bill.

13. Deirdre Fulton, “Exposed: How Walmart Spun an ‘Extensive and Secretive Web’ of Overseas Tax Havens,” Common Dreams, June 17, 2015, www.commondreams.org/news/2015/06/17/exposed-how-walmart-spun-extensive-and-secretive-web-overseas-tax-havens.

14. Clare O’Connor, “Report: Walmart Workers Cost Taxpayers $6.2 Billion in Public Assistance,” Forbes, April 15, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2014/04/15/report-walmart-workers-cost-taxpayers-6-2-billion-in-public-assistance.

15. Greg Palast, Maggie O’Kane, and Chavala Madlena, “Vulture Funds Await Jersey Decision on Poor Countries’ Debts,” Guardian, November 15, 2011, www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/nov/15/vulture-funds-jersey-decision.

16. “Vulture Funds Case Study,” Jubilee USA Network, 2007, www.jubileeusa.org/vulturefunds/vulture-fund-country-studies.html.

17. Palast, O’Kane, and Madlena, “Vulture Funds Await Jersey Decision.”

18. Joseph Stiglitz, “Sovereign Debt Needs International Supervision,” Guardian, June 16, 2015, www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jun/16/sovereign-debt-needs-international-supervision.

19. Laura Shin, “The 85 Richest People in the World Have as Much Wealth as the 3.5 Billion Poorest,” Forbes, January 23, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2014/01/23/the-85-richest-people-in-the-world-have-as-much-wealth-as-the-3-5-billion-poorest.

Chapter 44. Who Are Today’s Jackals?

1. Sarah Lazare, “‘You Have a Choice’: Veterans Call On Drone Operators to Refuse Orders,” Common Dreams, June 19, 2015, www.commondreams.org/news/2015/06/19/you-have-choice-veterans-call-drone-operators-refuse-orders.

2. “Top US General: Drones Are ‘Failed Strategy’ That ‘Cause More Damage,’” Democracy Now!, July 17, 2015, www.democracynow.org/2015/7/17/headlines/top_us_general_drones_are_failed_strategy_that_cause_more_damage.

3. Mark Mazzetti et al., “SEAL Team 6: A Secret History of Quiet Killings and Blurred Lines,” New York Times, June 6, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/world/asia/the-secret-history-of-seal-team-6.html.

4. “Is There a Drone in Your Neighbourhood? Rise of Spy Planes Exposed after FAA Is Forced to Reveal 63 Launch Sites across US,” Mail Online, April 2012, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2134376/Is-drone-neighbourhood-Rise-killer-spy-planes-exposed-FAA-forced-reveal-63-launch-sites-U-S.html.

5. “AP: FBI Using Low-Flying Spy Planes over US,” CBS News, June 2, 2015, www.cbsnews.com/news/ap-fbi-using-low-flying-spy-planes-over-us.

6. “NSA Spying on Americans,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, accessed July 24, 2015, www.eff.org/nsa-spying.

7. “Obama Bans Spying on Leaders of US Allies, Scales Back NSA Program,” Reuters, January 17, 2014, www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/18/us-usa-security-obama-idUSBREA0G0JI20140118.

8. James Ball, “NSA Monitored Calls of 35 World Leaders after US Official Handed over Contacts,” Guardian, October 25, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/24/nsa-surveillance-world-leaders-calls.

9. “Statistics on the Private Security Industry,” Private Security Monitor, University of Denver, accessed August 12, 2015, psm.du.edu/articles_reports_statistics/data_and_statistics.html.

10. “30 Most Powerful Private Security Companies in the World,” Security Degree Hub, January 11, 2013, www.securitydegreehub.com/30-most-powerful-private-security-companies-in-the-world.

Chapter 45. Lessons for China

1. Daniel Cancel and Lester Pimentel, “Ecuador’s Audit Commission Finds ‘Illegality’ in Debt (Update 5),” Bloomberg.com, November 20, 2008, www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a8suBA8I.3ik.; and Mick Riordan et al., “Daily Brief: Economics and Financial Market Commentary,” Global Economic Monitor, December 16, 2008, www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/05/31/000356161_20110531005514/Rendered/PDF/612410NEWS0DEC0BOX0358349B00PUBLIC0.pdf.

2. Mercedes Alvaro, “China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal,” Wall Street Journal, June 28, 2011, www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304314404576412373916029508.

3. There is disagreement over Ecuadorian debt and the way Chinese financing is interpreted. Some of this is due to divergent definitions of “loans” as opposed to “investments.” One interpretation is offered by Adam Zuckerman, who states, “Ecuador’s President Correa was well-rewarded for his trip last week to China, but this could have grave impacts for the Amazon and the people who live there. On Wednesday, Beijing agreed to lend Ecuador $7.53 billion to help the heavily oil-dependent economy cope with the recent drop in global crude prices. This latest sum — the largest China has ever lent Ecuador — brings Chinese financing to Ecuador to nearly $25 billion, over a quarter of the nation’s GDP. In 2013 Beijing provided 61 percent of Ecuador’s external financing and purchased 83 percent of Ecuador’s oil; this latest loan will undoubtedly bring both numbers much higher” (Zuckerman, “Eye on Ecuador: Racking Up the China Debt and Paying It Forward with Oil,” Amazon Watch, January 13, 2015, http://amazonwatch.org/news/2015/0113-racking-up-the-china-debt-and-paying-it-forward-with-oil). The Wall Street Journal analysis states, “Currently, China’s loans to Ecuador exceed $6 billion, including $1.7 billion to finance 85 percent of Coca Codo Sinclair, a hydropower plant to be built by China’s Sino-hydro Corp. in Ecuador, which will supply about 75 percent of the country’s energy needs” (Alvaro, “China, Ecuador Sign $2 Billion Loan Deal”). I’ve chosen to use the official government figures for debt, as reported in Ecuador’s El Commercio, July 29, 2015, “La prensa de EE.UU. alerta la dependencia de Ecuador a China.”

4. “Ecuador: Over 50% of Oil Exports Went to China in September,” Latin American Herald Tribune, May 23, 2015, http://laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=434747&CategoryId=14089.

5. Andrew Ross, “Why Is Ecuador Selling Its Economic and Environmental Future to China?,” The Nation, December 18, 2014, www.thenation.com/article/193249/why-ecuador-selling-its-economic-and-environmental-future-china.

6. Clifford Krauss and Keith Bradsher, “China’s Global Ambitions, with Loans and Strings Attached,” New York Times, July 24, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/07/26/business/international/chinas-global-ambitions-with-loans-and-strings-attached.html.

7. “Total Value of US Trade in Goods (Export and Import) with China from 2004 to 2014,” Statista, accessed July 24, 2015, www.statista.com/statistics/277679/total-value-of-us-trade-in-goods-with-china-since-2004.