S-6 Index
MS Word, I-89–I-90
advantages of, I-89–I-90
formatting features in, I-92–I-94
MS-DOS, I-50
multi-dimensional array, II-138–II-139
multi-processor OS, I-48
multi-programming OS, I-47, I-48
multi-tasking OS, I-47
multi-user OS, I-47
N
Napier bones, I-5
nested for loop, II-106
nested if-else statement, II-81–II-82
flowchart for, II-82
syntax of, II-81–II-82
use of, II-82–II-83
nested structure, II-272
network interface card (NIC), I-111
network topology, I-105–1-109
types of, I-105–1-109
NIC. See network interface card (NIC)
non-impact printer, I-33
non-positional number system, I-37
NOT operation, II-43
NULL character, II-160
number system, I-37–I-42
binary number system, I-38
hexadecimal number system, I-38
O
office package, I-88
offline, I-116
one-dimensional array, II-131
initialization of, II-131
read from keyboard and displayed
on screen, II-132
syntax of, II-131
online, I-116
operating system (OS), I-47–I-48
operator, II-40
arithmetic operator, II-41
assignment operator, II-41, II-43
bitwise operator, II-41
comma operators, II-41
compound assignment operators, II-45
conditional operators, II-41
division operator, II-44
dot operator, II-270–II-271
indirection operator, II-188
logical operator, II-41
modulus division operator, II-44
precedence and associativity of, II-45
relational operators, II-43
shift left (<<) operators, II-49–II-50
shift right (>>) operators, II-49–II-50
unary operator, II-41, II-42
optical character recognition (OCR),
I-31–I-32
optical disk, I-27
optical storage, I-28
OR operation, II-43
output device, I-29–I-30
output unit, I-14
overflow memory, I-19
P
parallel port, I-24
Pascaline, I-5
pathname, I-50
%f and %g control strings, II-18
plasma display, I-35
pointer variables, II-195
pointers, II-187–II-197
advantages in C programming, II-187
constant pointer, II-191–II-192
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Index S-7
declaration of, II-187–II-188
wild pointer, II-191
ports, I-23–I-24
positional number system, I-37
post-increments, II-45–II-46
precedence, II-45
predefined macro, II-258
pre-increments, 11-45–II-46
preprocessor directives, II-252–II-259
preprocessor macro, II-252
presentation software, I-102
primary memory, I-18–I-19, II-4
print f(), II-157
programmable ROM (PROM), I-22
programming languages, I-64–I-65
features of, I-75–I-76
PS/2 port, I-23
pseudocode, I-69–I-70
advantages and disadvantages of, I-69–I-70
putch(), II-69
putchar(), II-70
puts(), II-69
R
radix, I-37
Random Access Memory (RAM), I-18–I-19,
I-21–I-22, II-4
Read Only Memory (ROM), I-18–I-19,
I-21–I-23, II-4
real-time OS (RTOS), I-47–I-48
recursion, II-221
types of, II-221
register variables, II-237
characteristics of, II-237–II-238
limitations of, II-238
registers, I-13, I-18
relational operators, II-43
repeater, I-111–I-112
restorecrtmode(), II-314
return statement, II-220
return, II-17–II-18
ring topology, I-106
router, I-112–I-113
RTOS, I-47–I-48
S
sand tables, I-4
scanf(), II-70
SCSI port, I-24
second generation computers, I-6–I-7
secondary memory, I-19, II-5
secondary storage device, I-21
selection logic, I-70
Sentinel-controlled repetition, II-103–II-104
sequence logic, I-70
sequential execution, II-84
serial port, I-24
shift left (<<) operators, II-49–II-50
shift right (>>) operators, II-49–II-50
signed data type, II-13
signed numbers, I-39 , I-41–I-42
slide rule, I-5
soft copy, I-32
software, I-58–I-59
development, I-62–I-63
packages, I-61–I-62
types of, I-59–I-60
software package, I-58
specific purpose computers, I-8
spreadsheet, I-61, I-94–I-95
AutoFormat features of, I-98–I-99
errors seen in, I-101
features of, I-94–I-95
library functions in, I-99–I-101
types of data that can be entered into
a cell of, I-98
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S-8 Index
SRAM chip, I-22
standard directories, II-8
star topology, I-106–I-107
Static RAM (SRAM), I-21–I-22
static variable, II-239
statistical functions, I-100
stdio.h, II-8
storage class, II-236–II-242
storage Unit, I-14
strcat(), II-163
strcmp(), II-162
strcpy(), II-162
strdup(), II-162
stream, II-71
stricmp(), II-162
string I/O, II-69
stringizing operator, II-254–II-255
strings, II-133–II-134
declaration of, II-157
strlen(), II-162
strlwr(), II-163
strrev(), II-162
strstr(), II-164
struct, II-269
strupr(), II-163
super computers, I-10
switch, I-112
switch, II-84, II-86
limitations of, II-84
syntax of, II-86
system software, I-60–I-61
T
terabyte, I-23
text editor, I-75
features of, I-75
text functions, I-100–I-101
thin-film electroluminescent display, I-35
third generation computers, I-7
three-dimensional arrays, II-138
TIME, I-51–I-52
time-sharing OS, I-47
tiny memory models, II-196
touch screen, I-30–I-31
transfer of control, II-84
transistors, I-6–I-7
tree topology, I-107–1-108
two-dimensional array, II-136–II-137
initialization procedure of, II-137
type casting, II-48–II-49
type conversion, II-18
necessity, II-18
type modifiers, II-18–II-19
U
unary operator, II-41, II-42
unformatted functions, II-68
Uniform Resource Locater (URL), I-115
structure of, I-116–I-117
uniprogramming, I-48
universal serial bus (USB) port, I-24
UNIX commands, I-52–I-53
unsigned data type, II-13
unsigned numbers, I-39
upload, I-115– I-116
URL. See Uniform Resource Locater (URL)
user-defined data types, II-274
user-defined functions, II-8, II-217
V
vacuum tubes, I-6
variables, II-13
methods of initialization, II-15
video display adapter, II-313
visual display unit (VDU), I-34
VM manager, I-54
void function, II-219
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Index S-9
volatile variables, II-15
Von Neumann architecture, I-14–I-15
W
WAN. See wide area network (WAN)
web pages, I-114
web server, I-115
website, I-114
while loop, II-107
syntax for, II-107
wide area network (WAN), I-110–I-111
advantages of, I-111
wild pointer, II-191
reasons for pointer to become, II-191
Windows 7, I-56
Windows 2000, I-54
Windows aero, I-55
Windows OS, I-53–I-54
Windows Vista, I-55
Windows XP, I-54–I-55
word processor, I-61, I-89
features of, I-89
World Wide Web (WWW), I-114
wrapping around, II-18
write mode, II-299
WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW)
X
XOR operation, II-43
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