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PART 1: Bias and objectivity in forensic anthropology theory and practice
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PART 1: Bias and objectivity in forensic anthropology theory and practice
by Donna C. Boyd, C. Clifford Boyd Jr.
Forensic Anthropology
Cover
Title Page
About the Editors
Notes on contributors
Foreword
Series preface
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1: The theoretical and scientific foundations of forensic anthropology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 A selective history of theory in forensic anthropology
1.3 A modern perspective on forensic anthropology theory
1.4 Forensic anthropology theory and modern practice
1.5 Final comments
References
PART 1: Bias and objectivity in forensic anthropology theory and practice
CHAPTER 2: Subjective with a capital S? Issues of objectivity in forensic anthropology
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Objectivity, subjectivity, and forensic anthropological theory
2.3 Subjectivity in science
2.4 Mitigated objectivity: A path forward…
2.5 Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 3: Navigating cognitive bias in forensic anthropology
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of cognitive bias
3.3 Research versus applied science
3.4 Recommended solutions to mitigate confirmation bias
3.5 Challenges unique to forensic anthropology
3.6 An example of how bias affects procedures
3.7 Workable solutions
3.8 Summary
References
CHAPTER 4: Theoretically interesting: Different perspectives of the application of theory to forensic anthropology practice and research
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Practising in context
4.3 Ethical considerations for the development of theory
4.4 Can theories be applied universally?
4.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
PART 2: The theory and science behind biological profile and personal identification
CHAPTER 5: From Blumenbach to Howells: The slow, painful emergence of theory through forensic race estimation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Race as a concept and theory
5.3 Anthropology and race
5.4 Forensic anthropology and race
5.5 Race and the future
Acknowledgments
References
CHAPTER 6: The application of theory in skeletal age estimation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Skeletal age
6.3 Historical context
6.4 Forensic anthropology and evolutionary biology
6.5 Potential solutions to the problem of age estimation
6.6 Final comments
References
CHAPTER 7: Theory and histological methods
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Foundational theory in bone biology
7.3 Interpretive theory in bone biology
7.4 Methodological theory in bone biology
7.5 Conclusions
References
CHAPTER 8: Forensic applications of isotope landscapes (“isoscapes”): A tool for predicting region‐of‐origin in forensic anthropology cases
8.1 Introduction
8.2 What are isotopes?
8.3 Why do isotope compositions of human tissues differ?
8.4 How do we interpret isotope data collected for forensic human identification?
8.5 Examples of the application of isotope analysis to unidentified remains
8.6 What are the future applications of isotope analysis?
Acknowledgments
References
PART 3: Scientific foundation for interpretations of antemortem, perimortem, and postmortem processes
CHAPTER 9: The anatomical basis for fracture repair: Recognition of the healing continuum and its forensic applications to investigations of pediatric and elderly abuse
9.1 Introduction: Diagnosing pediatric and elderly non‐accidental injury
9.2 Theoretical basis for fracture healing and TSI estimation
9.3 Anatomical basis for fracture healing
9.4 Factors affecting the rate of bone healing
9.5 Fracture healing stages and dating systems
9.6 A new model for fracture repair
9.7 Expanding and refining TSI estimation through the Antemortem Fracture Archive
9.8 Theory and the future of TSI estimation
References
Appendix A: Major fracture repair stages and TSI estimations
CHAPTER 10: Theoretical foundation of child abuse
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Case study
10.3 Anthropologists and child abuse
10.4 Foundational theory
10.5 Interpretive theory
10.6 Methodological theory
10.7 Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 11: Bone trauma analysis in a forensic setting: Theoretical basis and a practical approach for evaluation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theory
11.3 Fundamental principles in bone fracture interpretation
11.4 A practical approach to bone trauma evaluation and hypothesis building
11.5 Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 12: Thinking outside the box: Theory and innovation in sharp trauma analysis
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Transfer of evidence
12.3 Theory connections
12.4 The human skeleton as transfer evidence
12.5 A primer on saws and dismemberment
12.6 Geographic information system
12.7 Applications of GIS in forensic anthropology and human osteology
12.8 GIS: innovation in cut mark striation interpretation
12.9 Locard and the twenty‐first century: It’s all a matter of scale
References
CHAPTER 13: The forensic anthropologist as broker for cross‐disciplinary taphonomic research related to estimating the postmortem interval in medicolegal death investigations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Taphonomy and taphonomic theory
13.3 Forensic taphonomy
13.4 Taphonomy and the estimation of time since death
13.5 The necrobiome
13.6 Cross‐disciplinary research
13.7 Overcoming barriers to cross‐disciplinary research
13.8 Forensic anthropologists as brokers for unified theories in forensic taphonomy
13.9 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
PART 4: Interdisciplinary influences, legal ramifications, and future directions
CHAPTER 14: Archaeological inference and its application to forensic anthropology
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Agency and nonlinear systems theories
14.3 Nonlinear modeling of the decomposition process
14.4 Discussion
References
CHAPTER 15: Arrows of influence: The give and take of theory between forensic anthropology, archaeology, and geophysics
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Influences of archaeology on forensic anthropology
15.3 Influences of geophysics on forensic anthropology
15.4 “Backflow” to other disciplines: Site formation processes in archaeology
15.5 Backflow: Interpretation/understanding of geophysical signatures
15.6 Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 16: Forensic anthropology, scientific evidence, and the law: Why theory matters
16.1 Introduction: Theory in practice
16.2 Science and the law: The disconnect
16.3 Science and the law: Commonalities
16.4 Forensic anthropologists as expert witnesses
16.5 Admissibility of forensic anthropology evidence in the post‐Daubert world
16.6 The legal application of forensic anthropology: Why theory matters
16.7 Final comments
Acknowledgments
References
CHAPTER 17: Epilogue: Theory and science in forensic anthropology: Avenues for further research and development
17.1 The science of forensic anthropology
17.2 Looking forward
References
Index
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CHAPTER 2: Subjective with a capital S? Issues of objectivity in forensic anthropology
PART 1
Bias and objectivity in forensic anthropology theory and practice
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