Chapter 4

1. Mohibbul Hassan, Historians of Medieval India (New Delhi: Meenakshi Publication, 1983), p. 129.

2. M. Athar Ali, Mughal India: Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society and Culture (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006).

3. V R. Mehta, Foundations of Indian Political Thought (New Delhi: Manohar, 1996), pp. 134, 144–146.

4. Ibid., pp.134–135.

5. Ibid., pp. 136–137.

6. Harbans Mukhia, The Mughals of India (U.K.: Blackwell, 2005), p. 17.

7. Ibid., p. 17.

8. Mohibbul Hassan, op. cit., p. 130.

9. Abul Fazl, Akbar Nama, Text ed. Ahmed Ali and Abdur Rahim in 3 Vols. English tr. by H. Beveridge, 3 vols. Calcutta, 1902–39, vol. II, pp. 367–92.

10. Ibid., vol. I, pp. 9–10.

11. M. Athar Ali, op. cit., pp. 124–125.

12. Abul Fazl, Akbar Nama, p. 7.

13. M. Athar Ali, op. cit., p. 126.

14. Abul Fazl, Akbar Nama, p. 255.

15. M. Athar Ali, op. cit., p. 125.

16. Ibid., p. 125.

17. Abul Fazl, Akbar Nama, pp. 2–3.

18. Sushma Yadav, Ram Avatar Sharma, Bhartiya Rajya, Utpatti aevam Vikas, (Delhi: Aakar Publication, 2000), pp. v1–v11, 338–39.

19. Ibid., p. 345.

20. M. Athar Ali, op. cit., pp. 125–126.

21. Ibid.

22. Satish Chandra, Medieval India; from Sultanat to the Mughals, Mughal Empire (1526–1748), Part II (New Delhi: Har Anand Publication, 2007), pp. 132–133.

23. Ibid., pp. 132–133.

24. Ibid.

25. Ibid., p. 133.

26. Harbans Mukhia, op. cit., p. 50.

27. Mohibbul Hassan, op. cit., p. 133.

28. Harbans Mukhia, op. cit., pp. 51–54.

29. Abul Fazl, Ain-i-Akbari, p. 774.

30. A. Appodoroy, Political Thoughts in India, (Delhi: Khama Publication, 2002), p. 180.

31. Satish Chandra, op. cit., pp. 132–134.

32. M. Athar Ali, p. 62.

33. Satish Chandra, op. cit., pp. 134–135.

34. Ibid.

35. Harbans Mukhia, op. cit., p. 50.

36. V R. Mehta, op. cit., p. 149.

37. Abul Fazl, Akbar Nama, vol. I, p. 283, vol. II, p. 41–42.

38. Abul Fazl, Ain-i-Akbari, p. 250.

39. V R. Mehta, op. cit., pp. 150–151.

40. Satish Chandra, op. cit., p. 133.

41. V R. Mehta, op. cit., p. 152.

42. Ibid. p. 148.

43. Ibid. p. 152–153.

44. Satish Chandra, op. cit., pp. 147–152.

45. Ibid. pp. 152–153.

46. Ibid. pp. 147–157.

47. Ibid. pp. 162–165.

48. Abul Fazl, Ain-i-Akbari, pp. 2–4; Abul Fazl, Akbar Nama, vol. III, pp. 654–660.

49. Mohibbul Hassan, op. cit.

50. M. Athar Ali, op. cit., pp. 162–164.

51. Abul Fazl, Ain-i-Akbari, p. 179.

52. Mohibbul Hassan, op. cit., pp. 141–42.

53. M. Athar Ali, op. cit., pp. 125–126.