- 2π-wall, 220, 228, 232, 233, 235, 238, 239, 242, 245, 246, 248, 250, 257, 259, 261, 262, 266, 269, 278, 283
- breaking, 257, 259
- circular, 236
- connected to dowsons, 284, 285
- connecting two dowsons, 283
- convection of, 252
- cross-section of, 259
- cuneitropism, 233
- energy of, 264
- generation of, 257, 259, 283, 284
- by rotating magnetic field, 233
- in hybrid winding, 228
- in synchronous winding, 219
- rheotropic, 228
- in Poiseuille flow, 228
- solitary, 236
A
- active matter, 82, 96, 98, 99, 106
- anchoring defect, 155
- anisotropic, 89, 90, 94, 105
- annihilation of dowsons pairs, 204, 254, 257, 270, 271, 274, 282, 283, 289, 290
- axis
B
- Bacillus subtilis, 96–98, 100, 102
- bacteria, 81, 96–104, 106
- bend, 94, 95, 99–104, 106, 330
- biaxiality, 38, 44
- birefringence, 4
- bloch wall, 325, 326
- bowser texture, 212, 298
- bowser-dowser transformation, 212, 301
- bowson, 298
- bowson-dowson transformation, 298, 300
- Bragg, 11
C
- charges, 81–84, 87, 102
- chiral, 311–316, 321, 323, 324, 326, 328, 329, 339–342
- cholesteric
- finger (CF), 20, 138, 165–175
- localized defect structures, 17
- circulation, 98–100, 103, 106
- Cladis–Brand
- 1 stationary state, 275
- 2 stationary state, 274
- stationary states CB1 and CB2, 278
- coefficient
- Akopyan and Zel’dovich thermohydrodynamical coefficients, 128
- thermomechanical coefficients, 128, 164
- chemical diffusion, 118
- effective Leslie
- Leslie
- thermohydrodynamical coefficient μ, 127
- thermomechanical coefficient ν, 127, 133, 140, 148
- viscosity coefficients αi, 126
- collapse of a disclination loop, 193, 194, 199, 200, 208, 209
- collective, 81, 96, 98–100, 103, 106
- collision of dowsons, 196, 204, 205, 225, 270, 279, 280, 282–284
- rheotropic control of, 283
- colloids, 31, 33, 81, 82, 84–86, 89–91, 104
- compensation temperature, 122, 137
- conductivity
- electric conductivity, 118
- thermal conductivity, 118, 119, 130
- cross-section for annihilation of dowsons pairs, 282
- Curie principle, 120
- curvature elasticty, 326, 332
D
- defect, 85, 93, 96, 99, 102, 103, 106, 329, 331, 337, 339
- dipolar, 84–89, 94
- director, 91–94, 97, 99–105, 118
- rotation
- rate of the director, 119
- vector of the director, 122, 123
- disclination, 38, 51, 193–202, 208, 255
- captive, 199, 200
- line, 147, 150, 152–154, 175, 177
- peripheral, 199, 200, 208
- dissymmetric, 314, 315, 340
- distortions, 84–89, 91, 94, 95, 97, 99, 105
- doubly twisted director configuration, 334, 335, 337–339
- dowser field, 203, 204, 206, 216, 217, 219–221, 223–226, 228–236, 238–246, 248, 253, 255–257, 259, 260, 273, 274, 276–278, 280, 285, 287–290
- asynchronous winding, 270
- convection of, 252
- definition, 201
- equation of motion, 252, 303
- in alternating Poiseuille flow, 231, 232
- in annular channel, 291, 293
- in n-arm junctions, 296
- in six-arm junctions, 294
- in square network of channels, 293
- in three-arm junctions, 296
- in triangular network of channels, 294
- instability, 301
- pair of dowsons (d+,d-), 280
- radial
- relaxation of, 258
- rotation of, 255
- synchronous winding, 257
- winding of, 265, 278
- wound up, 252, 259, 262–264, 266, 270, 274–276, 282–284
- dowser texture
- accelerated generation, 208
- definition, 201
- generation, 208
- order parameter of, 201
- Dowsons Colliders, 204, 205, 207, 270
- Circular Dowsons Collider 1 (CDC1), 225, 226, 273
- Circular Dowsons Collider 2 (CDC2), 227, 229, 230, 262–264, 273
- Double Dowsons Collider 1 (DDC1), 207, 224, 257
- Double Dowsons Collider 2 (DDC2), 225
- DSCG (disodium chromoglycate), 327, 328
- dynamic phase, 7
E
- effect
- backflow, 120
- crossed, 118
- direct, 118
- Dufour, 118
- flexoelectric, 136, 165
- fountain (superfluid He), 118
- Lehmann, 127, 136, 184
- Marangoni, 184
- Peltier (thermoelectric), 118
- Seebeck, 118
- Soret (thermodiffusion), 118
- thermohydrodynamical (TH), 118, 174
- thermomechanical (TM), 118, 135
- electric double layer (EDL), 82, 83, 105
- electro-osmosis, 246
- experiment, 246
- experimental evidence, 246
- electro-osmotic flow stagnation point, 250
- electrolyte, 82, 83
- electrophoresis, 82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 96, 104
- electrotropism, 239
- energy
- entropy
- density of, 125
- flux, 125
- irreversible entropy production, 125, 135
- equation
- angular momentum conservation (torque equation), 122
- conservation, 121
- constitutive, 125
- Ericksen–Leslie, 121
- heat, 122
- linear momentum conservation (Cauchy’s equation), 121
- mass conservation, 121
- equilibrium twist, 122
- Ericksen number, 216
- escaped radial, 329–332
- experiment
- Akopyan, 183
- continuous rotation of TICs (translationally invariant configurations), 142
- drift of cholesteric fingers, 165
- Éber and Jánossy, 136
- Lavrentovich and Nastishin, 183
- extraordinary wave, 8
F
- flexo-electric polarization
- definition, 241
- experimental evidence, 242
- measurement, 243
- force
- Akopyan and Zel’dovich
- Leslie thermomechanical, 126
- viscous force, 126
- Frank elastic constants, 122
G
- Gay–Berne potential, 130
- de Gennes, P.-G., 193, 201, 203, 241, 253, 265
- geometric phase, 42
- geometrical anchoring, 236
- grating, 18, 21, 44, 47
- Green–Kubo formulas, 133
H
- handedness, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324–326, 338
- helical twist power (HTP), 149
- helix unwinding, 138
- homeotropic-dowser transition, 202, 210, 214
- discussion, 216
- experiment with CDC2 setup, 213
- experiment with DDC2 setup, 210
- flow-assisted, 210
- theory, 214
I, J
- induced-charge
- electro-osmosis (ICEO), 84
- electrokinetics (ICEK), 83
- electrophoresis (ICEP), 84, 89, 96
- Jones formalism, 6
L
- Laguerre–Gauss beams, 38, 43
- lasing, 28, 30
- law
- Fick, 118
- Fourier, 118
- Newton law of viscosity, 118
- Newton’s second, 121
- Ohm, 118
- lensing, 19, 25
- Leslie thermomechanical power (LTP), 149
- liquid crystal-enabled
- electrokinetics (LCEK), 81, 82, 84, 91, 93–96
- electrophoresis (LCEP), 84
- living liquid crystal (LLC), 98
- Lorentz force, 263, 265, 266, 268
- lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), 81, 97, 98, 326, 328
M
- Mauguin, 10
- mesophase, 3
- molecular
- dynamics simulations, 130
- field, 122, 123
- electric contribution to, 124
- magnetic contribution to, 124
- standard contribution to, 124
- surface molecular, 123
- thermomechanical contribution to, 124
- monopole, 193, 195–205, 208, 223, 225, 226, 253–257, 259, 277
- -antimonopole pair, 204, 205, 257–260
- and 2π-walls, 259
- hyperbolic, 253, 254, 256
- nematic, 199
- definitions, 253
- dowsons as, 204
- radial, 253–255
- residual, 257
- motion of dowsons, 262
- gyrophilic behavior of dowsons d-, 272, 277
- gyrophobic behavior of dowsons d+, 273
- in homogenous fields, 285
- race of, 266
- trajectories, 270, 272
- velocity, 266
O
- Onsager reciprocal relations, 120
- optical
- activity, 312, 316, 318, 319, 333, 340, 341
- rotation, 314, 316–319, 321, 336, 339, 340
- singularities
- vortex, 39, 41, 44, 45, 58, 60
- ordinary wave, 8
P
- Parodi, 126
- pattern, 83, 87, 88, 91, 105
- photonic bandgap, 11, 12, 30
- polarization
- evolution, 7
- handedness, 5
- state, 5
- polarized light, 313, 316, 318–321, 323–325, 333, 336, 340, 341
- Poynting vector, 8
Q, R
- quadrupolar, 83–88, 90, 91, 102
- racemic, 313, 322
- rheotropism
- definition, 217
- theory of, 217
- rotation matrix, 6
S
- singular optics, 34
- spiral of CF (cholesteric fingers), 173
- splay, 92, 94, 95, 99, 101–104, 106
- SSY (sunset yellow), 327
- stability of the dowser texture, 199
- stagnation point
- electric field, 289–291
- electro-osmotic flow, 250
- in four-arm junction, 300
- in six-arm junction, 294
- steering, 19, 22
- swarming, 90, 103
- symmetry group
- cholesteric phase, 120
- nematic phase, 120
- systems of dowsons
- septet of dowsons, 290
- stabilized by inhomogeneous fields, 287
- triplet of dowsons, 289, 290
T
- tactoid, 328, 329
- tensor
- equilibrium elastic stress, 121
- heat conductivity, 119, 130
- non-equilibrium stress, 121, 127, 129
- strain rate, 119
- surface torque, 123
- total stress, 121
- viscosity, 119
- viscous stress, 126
- tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 328, 331
- torque
- cuneitropic, 236, 304
- electric, 15, 240, 244, 285, 303, 306
- equilibrium elastic, 122
- magnetic, 16, 235, 306
- non-equilibrium, 122
- optical, 55
- rheotropic, 305
- viscous, 304
- translationally invariant
- configurations (TIC), 142
- tropism, 205
- twist, 325, 329, 332, 334
- twisted and escaped radial (TER), 330
U, V
- umbilics, 47, 52, 56
- viscosity
- dynamical, 118
- Leslie viscosity coefficients αi, 125, 126
- Miesowicz viscosities ηa, ηb and ηc, 177
- “ordinary” viscosity α4, 126
- rotational viscosity γ1, 119, 126, 133
- rotational viscosity γ2, 126
- surface, 123, 147
- vortex, 100–102, 106
W
- waveguiding, 22, 26, 27
- winding of the dowser field, 221
..................Content has been hidden....................
You can't read the all page of ebook, please click
here login for view all page.
,