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Mobile Broadband Communications for Public Safety
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Mobile Broadband Communications for Public Safety
by Oriol Sallent, Ramon Ferrús
Mobile Broadband Communications for Public Safety: The Road Ahead Through LTE Technology
Cover
Title page
Preface
List of Abbreviations
1 Public Protection and Disaster Relief Communications
1.1 Background and Terminology
1.2 PPDR Functions and Organizations
1.3 Operational Framework and Communications Needs for PPDR
1.4 Communications Systems for PPDR
1.5 Regulatory and Standardization Framework
References
2 Mobile Broadband Data Applications and Capacity Needs
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Data-Centric, Multimedia Applications for PPDR
2.3 Characterization of Broadband Data Applications for PPDR
2.4 Assessment of the Data Capacity Needs in Various Operational Scenarios
References
3 Future Mobile Broadband PPDR Communications Systems
3.1 Paradigm Change for the Delivery of PPDR Broadband Communications
3.2 Techno-economic Aspects Driving the Paradigm Change
3.3 System View of Future Mobile Broadband PPDR Communications
3.4 Current Initiatives
References
4 LTE Technology for PPDR Communications
4.1 Standardization Roadmap towards Mission-Critical LTE
4.2 LTE Fundamentals
4.3 Group Communications and PTT
4.4 Device-to-Device Communications
4.5 Prioritization and QoS Control for PPDR
4.6 Isolated E-UTRAN Operation
4.7 High-Power UE
4.8 RAN Sharing Enhancements
References
5 LTE Networks for PPDR Communications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Delivery Options for Mobile Broadband PPDR Networks and Services
5.3 Dedicated Networks
5.4 Commercial Networks
5.5 Hybrid Solutions
5.6 Network Architecture Design and Implementation Aspects
References
6 Radio Spectrum for PPDR Communications
6.1 Spectrum Management: Regulatory Framework and Models
6.2 Internationally Harmonized Frequency Ranges for PPDR Communications
6.3 Spectrum Needs for Mobile Broadband PPDR Communications
6.4 Existing Spectrum Assignments for PPDR and Candidate Bands for Mobile Broadband
6.5 Spectrum Sharing for PPDR Communications
References
Index
End User License Agreement
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Prev
Previous Chapter
Cover
Next
Next Chapter
Title page
Table of Contents
Cover
Title page
Preface
List of Abbreviations
1 Public Protection and Disaster Relief Communications
1.1 Background and Terminology
1.2 PPDR Functions and Organizations
1.3 Operational Framework and Communications Needs for PPDR
1.4 Communications Systems for PPDR
1.5 Regulatory and Standardization Framework
References
2 Mobile Broadband Data Applications and Capacity Needs
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Data-Centric, Multimedia Applications for PPDR
2.3 Characterization of Broadband Data Applications for PPDR
2.4 Assessment of the Data Capacity Needs in Various Operational Scenarios
References
3 Future Mobile Broadband PPDR Communications Systems
3.1 Paradigm Change for the Delivery of PPDR Broadband Communications
3.2 Techno-economic Aspects Driving the Paradigm Change
3.3 System View of Future Mobile Broadband PPDR Communications
3.4 Current Initiatives
References
4 LTE Technology for PPDR Communications
4.1 Standardization Roadmap towards Mission-Critical LTE
4.2 LTE Fundamentals
4.3 Group Communications and PTT
4.4 Device-to-Device Communications
4.5 Prioritization and QoS Control for PPDR
4.6 Isolated E-UTRAN Operation
4.7 High-Power UE
4.8 RAN Sharing Enhancements
References
5 LTE Networks for PPDR Communications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Delivery Options for Mobile Broadband PPDR Networks and Services
5.3 Dedicated Networks
5.4 Commercial Networks
5.5 Hybrid Solutions
5.6 Network Architecture Design and Implementation Aspects
References
6 Radio Spectrum for PPDR Communications
6.1 Spectrum Management: Regulatory Framework and Models
6.2 Internationally Harmonized Frequency Ranges for PPDR Communications
6.3 Spectrum Needs for Mobile Broadband PPDR Communications
6.4 Existing Spectrum Assignments for PPDR and Candidate Bands for Mobile Broadband
6.5 Spectrum Sharing for PPDR Communications
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 01
Table 1.1 Common levels of management in a command and control hierarchy.
Table 1.2 High-level classification of required communications services.
Table 1.3 Data applications and associated requirements.
Table 1.4 PPDR applications and examples.
Table 1.5 Comparison chart of the main digital PMR technologies used for PPDR.
Table 1.6 Wireless communications means available for the PPDR services to assist in the emergency response.
Table 1.7 Excerpt of the timeline of events in the Project HELP scenario.
Chapter 02
Table 2.1 Examples of data-centric, multimedia applications in demand for enhanced PPDR operations.
Table 2.2 Type of applications and services included in the ‘LEWP/ETSI Matrix of Applications’.
Table 2.3 Characterization of the ‘multimedia’ applications.
Table 2.4 Throughput estimates for PPDR data applications (based on the LEWP/ETSI Matrix).
Table 2.5 Throughput estimates for PPDR data applications (based on the NPSTC report [4]).
Table 2.6 Data capacity required in some illustrative day-to-day scenarios.
Table 2.7 Data capacity required in a large emergency and a massive public event scenarios.
Table 2.8 Data capacity required in disaster scenarios.
Chapter 03
Table 3.1 Components and effect of customization on cost of LTE devices for PPDR use.
Table 3.2 Cost analysis of building a nationwide network for PPDR in the United States.
Table 3.3 Costs of current dedicated TETRA networks.
Table 3.4 Comparison costs of the incentive-based partnership and stand-alone network deployment models.
Table 3.5 Number of cells and network costs of a PPDR-only network versus a joint-use network.
Table 3.6 Price paid in German and Spanish auctions for 4G spectrum.
Table 3.7 Transition roadmap towards BB PPDR communications in Europe.
Chapter 04
Table 4.1 LTE radio transmission overview information.
Table 4.2 E-UTRA operating bands [18].
Table 4.3 Standardized QCI characteristics [21].
Table 4.4 3GPP documents covering group communications system enablers and MCPTT over LTE.
Table 4.5 3GPP documents covering ProSe work.
Table 4.6 Isolated E-UTRAN scenarios [78].
Table 4.7 3GPP documents covering RAN sharing enhancements.
Chapter 05
Table 5.1 Key characteristics expected in an LTE network designed for PPDR use.
Table 5.2 Studies that cover the analysis of delivery options for mobile broadband PPDR networks and services.
Table 5.3 Main differences between the PPDR network and commercial network models.
Table 5.4 Examples of legal requirements that might be contractually imposed on the operator by the governmental authority.
Table 5.5 Network sharing solutions between MNOs.
Chapter 06
Table 6.1 Licensing regimes for the authorization of spectrum rights of use.
Table 6.2 Harmonized frequency bands/ranges established in ITU Resolution 646 (WRC-2003).
Table 6.3 Key reference documents from ITU-R since WRC-2003 with regard to PPDR spectrum harmonization.
Table 6.4 Example of the computation of spectrum needs for day-to-day operations scenarios as addressed in ECC Report 199.
Table 6.5 Studies addressing the assessment of spectrum needs for PPDR communications.
Table 6.6 Main bands available across European countries for PPDR communications.
Table 6.7 Candidate bands considered in the harmonization of mobile broadband PPDR solutions across European countries.
Table 6.8 Spectrum available in the United States for PS communications.
Table 6.9 Models based on the dynamic transfer or coordination of individual spectrum rights of use.
Table 6.10 Models based on primary–secondary sharing.
Table 6.11 Models based on a collective use of spectrum.
Table 6.12 Main characteristics of the US and UK regulatory frameworks for the use of TV white spaces.
Table 6.13 Summary of standardization initiatives related to TVWS.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 01
Figure 1.1 Scope of PPDR and emergency communications.
Figure 1.2 Illustrative view of potential communications flows in a common incident command structure.
Figure 1.3 Components and reference points in PPDR communications.
Figure 1.4 Network architecture and standardized interfaces of a TETRA system.
Figure 1.5 Typical stages of a major incident and focus of Project HELP scenario.
Figure 1.6 Scenario map of the area and the emergency service resources available.
Chapter 03
Figure 3.1 Techno-economic drivers for future PPDR communications.
Figure 3.2 Comparative prices for mobile spectrum in different countries and bands.
Figure 3.3 High-level building blocks in future mobile broadband PPDR communications systems.
Figure 3.4 Public safety communications evolution by describing the long-term transition towards a desired converged future.
Figure 3.5 Roadmap and timescales based on practical implementation of a harmonized European solution.
Chapter 04
Figure 4.1 Features supported or being introduced in LTE specifications especially relevant for PPDR and critical communications.
Figure 4.2 Basic architecture of an LTE network.
Figure 4.3 Time and frequency dimensions of the LTE radio signal.
Figure 4.4 Illustrative view of the E-UTRAN architecture supporting RNs.
Figure 4.5 LTE service model: PDN connections and EPS bearer services.
Figure 4.6 QoS parameters in LTE.
Figure 4.7 PCC architecture.
Figure 4.8 Overview of the security functional areas defined for LTE systems.
Figure 4.9 Access security features in E-UTRAN.
Figure 4.10 3GPP NDS/IP architecture for IP network layer security.
Figure 4.11 Roaming architectures supported in LTE networks.
Figure 4.12 UE and network protocol stacks in VoLTE.
Figure 4.13 High-level architecture view of a group communications system over the 3GPP EPS.
Figure 4.14 Media traffic with unicast and MBMS on DL.
Figure 4.15 High-level functional entities and main reference points for the implementation of the MCPTT service in both (a) on-network scenarios and (b) off-network scenarios.
Figure 4.16 PoC service architecture.
Figure 4.17 Evolutionary view of the OMA PoC to 3GPP R13 MCPTT and beyond application standardization.
Figure 4.18 Illustration of the ProSe constituent capabilities ((a) Discovery and (b) Communication) and possible configuration options.
Figure 4.19 Operation of ProSe Discovery.
Figure 4.20 Possible configurations of ProSe Communication for PPDR and non-PPDR users.
Figure 4.21 Functional architecture for ProSe.
Figure 4.22 Protocol stack for the PC5 reference point between ProSe terminals. PDCP, Packet Data Convergence Protocol; RLC, Radio Link Control; MAC, Medium Access Control; PHY, Physical layer.
Figure 4.23 Constituent features for prioritization and QoS control in LTE.
Figure 4.24 Scenarios under scope for the isolated E-UTRAN operation features.
Figure 4.25 RAN sharing architectures: Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) and Gateway Core Network (GWCN).
Chapter 05
Figure 5.1 Separation of the PPDR service layer from the underlying IP network layer.
Figure 5.2 Different MVNO business models.
Figure 5.3 MVNO model for PPDR mobile broadband communications.
Figure 5.4 Different RAN sharing deployment options with MNOs.
Figure 5.5 Sharing of specialist networks deployed in specific areas and facilities.
Figure 5.6 Reference model for critical communications systems specified by ETSI.
Figure 5.7 Interworking approach between ETSI CCS and legacy PMR systems.
Figure 5.8 Interconnection solution based on private connectivity services (private APN).
Figure 5.9 Interconnection solution based on roaming services.
Figure 5.10 Interconnection solution based on RAN sharing services.
Figure 5.11 IP-based Inter-System Interface (IP ISI) for TETRA and TETRAPOL networks.
Figure 5.12 Interworking solution to extend P25 services to LTE terminals.
Figure 5.13 Components and remote connectivity requirements of SoWs and CoWs.
Figure 5.14 Deployment of S1 interface over a satellite connection.
Figure 5.15 Generic architecture for Emergency Communication Cell over Satellite (ECCS).
Figure 5.16 GSMA IPX model.
Figure 5.17 Project HELP system architecture for the delivery of PPDR communications.
Chapter 06
Figure 6.1 Baseline structure of national legislation on the use of the radio spectrum.
Figure 6.2 The channelling arrangement for the 700-MHz band in Europe 25. (1) indicates that the usage of the guard bands and of the duplex gap of the paired band plan (733–758 MHz) may also be considered at national level for PPDR use and/or other possible applications (e.g. PMSE, M2M).
Figure 6.3 The channelling arrangement for the 700-MHz band in United States and PPDR allocations within this band.
Figure 6.4 Channelling arrangements for the 700 and 800 MHz in the Asia-Pacific region and main PPDR designation within these bands.
Figure 6.5 Actors and regulatory processes in the establishment of the LSA framework.
Figure 6.6 LSA Architecture Reference Model.
Figure 6.7 Illustrative scenario implementing the LSA architecture.
Figure 6.8 Framework for the operation of white space devices (WSDs).
Figure 6.9 Functional architecture for PPDR exploitation of TVWS.
Guide
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