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Print Captions/Titles

Ginger

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Lydia Zakia-Fahey

A caption is part of the photograph, part of the gestalt.

Rudolf Arnheim

Beautiful Day

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David A. Page

Generic
Specific
Suggestive
Ambiguous
Narrative
Poetic
Untitled
Exercises

A Parable: A blind man with no legs sits in a park begging. A sign beside him reads HAVE COMPASSION. I AM BLIND. People walk by and ignore the sign, the man, and his hat, a receptacle for coins. A well-dressed businessman walks past him, turns around and stands in front of the man. He picks up the sign, writes something on the back and places it back where it was and with what he wrote showing. People continue to walk by but now are dropping coins and bills into his open hat. The blind man is thrilled and collects the money. When the businessman returns, the blind man asks him what he wrote on the sign. He replies that what he wrote was TODAY IS A BEAUTIFUL DAY AND I CANNOT SEE IT.

Horse

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Richard D. Zakia

Generic: By captioning this photograph “Horse,” it could be any one of a class of such horses. The caption makes the horse the main subject—not the landscape or the location in Ireland.

The title is usually the last thing for me … I like to be simple and not too instructive or definite.

Maggie Taylor

Osprey

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Mike Cantwell

Specific: The caption identifies the type of bird for those not familiar, who might mistake it for an eagle.

Suggestive: Guarding the Nest.

Equivalent

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Thomas L. McCartney

Ambiguous: One might ask what the subject in the photograph is equivalent to. Stieglitz used the word to caption cloud photographs that, for him, were equivalent to a feeling they instilled. Such a title is usually subjective and personal.

Specific: Round Butte, Route 191-Utah

Quote: “Rock of Ages” could be of interest here and be associated with a familiar phrase.

Pieces of text [captions/titles] … can simplify, complicate, elaborate, amplify, confirm, contradict, deny, restate, or help define different types of meanings when they interact with images and objects.

Sean Hale

Covered Bridge

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David A. Page

Generic Caption: Covered Bridge

Specific Caption: Clarence Woods Covered Bridge, Woolwine, Virginia

Ambiguous Caption: In remembrance, John Woods Shelton 1991–2009

Narrative Caption: Just one week after his high school graduation, the great-grandson of the builder of this bridge, John Woods Shelton, died in an automobile accident as he returned from his Myrtle Beach celebrations. His family mourned in seclusion for two weeks, but had an obligation to open this bridge on their ancestral property for the Woolwine Covered Bridge Festival. As it was a major playground area for the deceased and the center point of many of his happy days, the family decorated the bridge with the brightly colored flowers from his funeral and placed a bright yellow chair where he often sat as a child listening to the river and contemplating a future that was not to be.

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Lewis Hine

Poetic Caption:

The golf links lie so near the mill

That nearly every day

The laboring children can look out

And see the men at play

Sarah N. Cleghorn (1876–1959)

(Hine’s note for this photograph: Rhodes Mfg. Co. Spinner. A moment’s glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. Been working over a year. Lincolnton, N.C.)

Flowers

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Richard D. Zakia

Question: Captions can be used to raise a question. In this case, is this a photograph of flowers? Is a dandelion a flower? Most would probably say “no”; some might say “yes.” What defines a flower—color, beauty, fragrance, rareness? A botanist would describe a flower as a seed-bearing part of a plant surrounded by bright colored petals.

There are always flowers for those who want to see them.

Henri Matisse

Untitled, 18, 2009

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Richard D. Zakia

Untitled: Some photographs are labeled Untitled so as not to direct or influence the viewer’s response. The paradox is that by titling the photograph Untitled, it is given a title. However, it does provide a way to identify photographs. A friend who is a recognized fine art photographer and has a PhD in art history was asked whether he captions his prints or titles them. His reply was that he titles them, but that most are untitled with a number and date. Dictionaries seem to be unclear as to the difference between a title and a caption. The best distinction found was by a linguist who said that a caption is a definition, or an explanation while a title is a suggestion. A title for this photograph could have been Tree of Sorrow or Weeping Branches.

EXERCISES

Looking

1.  Refer to the famous photograph taken at the end of WWII by Alfred Eisenstaedt of a sailor grabbing and kissing a nurse (see Geometric Chapter 1). The photo graced Life magazine and quickly became a cultural icon. Not so well known is a similar photo taken at the same time by U.S. Navy photojournalist Victor Jorgensen (Photo 1). From a compositional point of view, it is interesting to compare the two to see why the Eisenstaedt photo better captures the momentous event. From a captioning point of view imagine, for a moment, how a caption such as Sexual Harassment would change the whole meaning of the photo. Captions become part of the photo and the meaning derived.

2.  Title one of your photographs that friends have not seen Untitled and ask two of them to comment on it. Then ask two different friends to comment on the same photo but with a different title—one that is ambiguous. You may want to continue using new friends and other titles that are suggestive, specific, poetic.

3.  Look at this early photograph by Gordon Parks (Photo 2) of a U.S. government charwoman, Ella Watson, and provide a caption that reflects your feeling as you study it. The photo was taken for the Farm Security Administration (FSA) in the 1930s. Parks said he had posed her Grant Wood–style before the American flag.

4.  Provide a caption for David Page’s photograph of a barn (Photo 3) and also a title. Think of a caption as defining the photo and the title as what the photograph might be suggesting.

5.  Poetry and painting had a strong influence on Duane Michals. His photographs contain narratives and are presented in a sequence to tell a story or to raise philosophical questions. Walt Whitman’s poetry has had a great influence on his work, as have Eastern religion, surrealism, and artists like René Magritte and Joseph Cornell. Look at some of Duane Michals’s photographs, in books and on the Internet, that have narrative captions.

Photo 1.

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Photo 2.

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Photo 3.

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