- ABM 2017 Corporate Sustainability Report, 276–277
- AeroFarms, 216
- Airbnb, 73
- Aristotle, 25
- Aviva, 297–298
- Balanced Scorecard, 285
- Barclays, 298
- base of the pyramid (BOP)
- BOP protocol, 97–98
- CNBC, 100
- disruptive innovations, 92
- disruptive technologies, 92
- electricity, 95–96
- great leap downward, 93
- market opportunity, 101
- “wealthy” consumers, 92
- World Resources Institute (WRI), 98–99
- Benyus, Janine, 104
- big hairy audacious goal (BHAG)
- toilets, 214–215
- urban farming
- aeroponic system, 216
- vertical farming, 217
- biomimicry, environmental innovation
- abalone
- shellfish, 104
- shell, stronger than ceramic, 104–105
- aerodynamic noise from owl wings, 118–119
- bio‐inspired LEDs
- factory‐roof shaped coating, 117
- human made light‐emitting device, 117
- photocytes, 117
- bivalves
- adhesive, functions in moist conditions, 106
- synthetic version of mussel glue, 107
- cheetahs, inspiring fast robots, 109–111
- color and pigments, 115–116
- compact and efficient structure, 111–113
- cricket sounds, 116–117
- definition, 104
- electric eels, inspired power source, 120, 121
- ethanol, 113–114
- fish‐inspired travel
- EPORO, Nissan's robot car, 109
- fish behavior avoid collisions, 109
- fish behavior rules, 109
- hummingbird, inspired wind turbines, 120, 121
- Lavasa, 118
- mining project, proposal for Caterpillar (company), 122–124
- pinecones, for energy efficient buildings, 122–123
- rhinoceros
- illegal killing, 107
- synthetic substitute for horns, 107–108
- shark scale, inspired drones, planes and wind turbines, 121–122
- shaving razors, inspired by frog and cricket legs, 119–120
- spider silk, synthetic production of, 105–106
- Brower, David, 3
- Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 19
- Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD), 58
- Buzz Car, 72
- Capitalism at the Crossroads, 99
- carbon footprint
- Aviva, 297–298
- Barclays, 298
- and carbon emissions, 293–294
- and climate change, 292–293
- Intel, 298
- LCA, 294
- vs. water footprint concept, 310–311
- carbon‐offset‐projects, 300
- Ciamician, Giacomo, 104
- circular economy
- dairy industry, 129–130
- designing, 131
- Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 131–134
- Gross National Trash (GNT), 134, 135
- Kalundborg symbiosis, 128–129
- municipal solid waste (MSW), 134, 135
- The Natural Step (TNS), 55
- TerraCycle's Loop model, 130–131
- waste management
- gross national trash (GNT), 178, 179
- municipal solid waste (MSW), 178
- recycle and recover, 177
- reduce and reuse, 177
- waste‐to‐energy systems
- anaerobic digestion, 184–185
- challenges of, 185
- combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP), 182–183
- combined heat and power (CHP), 181–182
- future of, 185–186
- gasification, 183–184
- incineration, 180–181
- pyrolysis, 183
- climate change, 91, 163
- alternative cement, impact of, 142
- anthropogenic global warming, 155
- and build resilience, 158
- business system, 158
- carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, 137
- and carbon footprint, 292–293
- district heating and cooling (DHC), 145–146
- electric vehicles, 149–150
- factors, 155
- female education and family planning, 144–145
- food waste, 142–143
- GHG emissions, 155
- global warming, 137
- impact of ships, 150
- insulation, 146–147
- interconnected risks and systems, 156–157
- long‐term climate change, 157–158
- malaria, risks of, 159–160
- plant‐rich diet, 143–144
- precipitation patterns, 158
- refrigeration chemicals, impact of, 141–142
- solar farms, 140–141
- strategy development process, 160–162
- temperate forests, 148–149
- tropical forests, 147–148
- weather extremes, 155
- wind turbines (onshore), 139–140
- Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES)
- Coca‐Cola, 307
- communications strategy, 322
- Conference of Parties (COP22), 14
- corporate social responsibility (CSR), 259–260
- brand value and reputation, 258
- definition, 21
- development of new markets, 21
- enterprises, 21
- European Union (EU) policy, 21
- Europe 2020 strategy, 21
- financial performance, 257
- government and communities, 259
- growth opportunities, 21
- internal and external stakeholders, 21
- legal obligations, 21
- measuring and reporting, 23–24
- operating costs, 257–258
- regulatory measures, 21
- responsibility for company's actions, 20
- stakeholder value
- business boundaries, 23
- concept of business, 22
- and consumer concern, 22
- decision‐making processes, 22
- diverse stakeholder groups, 22
- ethical business guidelines, 22
- follow‐up and feedback, 22
- Most Valuable Priority, 22
- reporting and recycling programs, 22
- societal and environment obligations, 21
- stakeholder engagement and dialogue, 22
- sustainable development concept, 24–25
- worker commitment, 258
- corporate stakeholders, 20
- corporate sustainability trends, 238–240
- Didi (China), 73
- digital technologies, 164
- disruptive technologies, 100
- Do It Right This Time (DIRTT), 131
- Dow, 52–53
- 1992 Earth Summit, 58
- eco‐effective vs. eco‐efficient
- automobile fuel economy, 57
- brake pads, 60
- computing efficiency, 59–60
- concept of reinvention, 65
- eco‐efficiency, 58
- electric analog clocks, 62–63
- fuel efficiency
- battery‐operated cars, 59
- Better Place, 59
- CAFÉ standards, 58
- in China, 58
- electric automobiles, 59
- fuel economy, 59
- in India, 58–59
- in US, 58
- industrial machines, 58
- informed personal preferences, 64
- lean manufacturing, 58
- non‐renewable energy, 57
- non‐renewable natural resources, 58
- oil total consumption, 57
- passive positive list, 64–65
- polymer recycling, 61
- positive listing methodology, 65
- textile dyeing and finishing, 61–62
- undesirable substances, 63–64
- ecological crimes, 327
- electric vehicles, 149–150
- Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 131–134
- energy consumption
- and global warming, 291–292
- and world population, 291
- environmental burden, 19
- environmentally effective building
- Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), 202
- Bullitt Center, in Seattle
- ceilings, 199
- central glass‐enclosed staircase, 199
- cisterns store rainwater and “gray water”, 199
- commercial space, 199
- energy consumption, 201
- energy efficiency features, 200
- medium‐height sidewalk plantings, 199
- solar array, 199, 200
- USGBC's LEED certification, 199
- water requirements, 200
- EU Industrial Emissions Directive, 186
- European Union (EU) policy, 21
- Europe 2020 strategy, 21
- Galanz, 93
- Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 262
- ISO 26000 framework, 233–234
- stakeholder engagement, 231
- stakeholder inclusiveness, 231
- stakeholder reporting process, 230–231
- and stakeholders, 230–231
- Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard, 275, 276, 277–281
- Gold Standards, 299
- Great Pacific Garbage Patch, 127
- green chemistry
- approaches, for industry sectors, 207–208
- growth and competitive advantage, 206
- principles, 206–207
- waste prevention options, 205
- Greenhouse Gas Protocol (WRI), 295
- green marketing
- communication and sustainability, 314–315
- and greenwashing, 313–314
- guidelines, 316–319
- materiality, 316
- product modification, 315
- stakeholders' purchasing decisions, 315
- Gross National Trash (GNT), 134, 135
- Hansen, James, 14, 137
- Hart, Stuart L., 91
- Hawken, Paul, 3
- Hindustan Lever, Ltd. (HLL), 96–97
- Hollow Flashlight, 100
- Honda, 93
- Hubbert, M. King, 12
- Hubbert's peak, 12
- innovation and emergent technologies
- AR technology, 170
- business growth, 164
- circular economy, 164
- clean energy and biofuels, 169
- climate problem, 173
- consumption and production, 172
- cybercrime/autonomy weapons, 173
- economic growth, and future technologies, 169–170
- energy consumption, 173
- fifth generation of wireless technology, 167
- gender equality and mobile technologies, 168
- health and well‐being, 166–167
- hunger and poverty, 166
- Hyper Village concept, 172
- ICT, 166
- infrastructure project, 170
- mitigating poverty, 164–165
- monitor sea level rise and off grid solar, 173
- policies and government actions, 173
- reduce inequality, 171
- reducing poverty in rural areas, 165
- sanitation and smart cities, 168–169
- smart cities, 170, 171–172
- smokeless cooking stove, 165
- sustainable cities and communities, 171–172
- virtual reality (VR), 166
- visualization technologies, 164
- Intel, 59, 298
- Interface Inc., 48–50
- International Institute for Environment and Development, 226
- International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), 238
- International Organization for Standardization, 275
- ISO 26000, 282
- Kalundborg symbiosis, 128–129
- key performance indicators (KPIs), 23, 285, 328
- Kyoto Protocol, 13
- landfilling, 186
- Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
- accredited professional, 196–197
- application guides, 189
- Bank of America Tower, 193–194
- LEED 1.0, 188
- LEED 2.0, 188
- LEED 2.1, 188
- LEED 3.0, 191–192
- LEED 4.0, 192
- LEED 4.1, 192
- LEED‐EB award, 189
- LEED‐NC 2.2, 189
- LEED project certification process, 195–196
- Living Building Challenge (LBC), 197–198
- points for award, 189–191
- life cycle assessment (LCA), 284–285
- carbon footprint, 294
- and product labels, 295–297
- water footprint concept, 306–307
- light emitting diode (LED) light, 99
- linear economy, 127
- Lyft, 73
- materiality, 316
- McKibben, Bill, 14
- Moore, Gordon, 59
- Moore's Law, 59
- Most Valuable Priority, 22
- Multi‐National Companies (MNCs), 99
- municipal solid waste (MSW), 134, 135
- nanotechnology
- biomimicry, 210
- consumer products, 212
- definition, 209
- development of applications, 211
- environmental concerns, 210
- nanomanufacturing, 212–213
- nanoparticles, 211–212
- sunscreen, 211
- top‐down and bottom‐up categories, 213
- US National Nanotechnology Initiative, 209
- Nestle, 309–310
- Netflix, 72
- Nike, 53–54
- Nike's World Shoe project, 100
- Nirma, 96–97
- Organization of the Petroleum Export Countries (OPEC), 57
- Paris Agreement, 14
- Prahalad, C. K., 91
- Pratt & Whitney Canada (P&WC), 54–55
- Project Drawdown, 137–138
- RelayRides, 72
- renewable energy sources, 15
- Rio Earth Summit, 13
- Robèrt, Karl‐Henrik, 41
- Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 91
- servicizing strategy
- baby mattresses, 76
- bike helmets, 77
- business model, 69
- child transportation safety services, 77
- dematerialization, 68
- disposal of luggage, 75
- extended product responsibility (EPR), 68
- floor comfort and esthetics, 70–71
- functional economy, 67
- home improvement paint, 76
- information‐led economy, 67
- medical equipment companies, 75
- nutrient services, 76
- perfumes, colognes, and fragrances, global market for, 75
- Q card, 77–78
- sale of light bulbs, 69–70
- structural changes, 67
- water treatment services, 71
- sharing economy
- automobiles, 72
- bicycle rental programs, 72
- collaborative consumption, 73–74
- “liquid marketplace”, 73
- service sector, 72
- transportation service business, 72
- underutilized assets, 72, 73
- “Spinlister”, 73
- stakeholder concept
- Campbell Soup Company
- materiality assessment, 256–257
- stakeholder engagement, 245–248
- stakeholder relations and attributes, 248
- external stakeholders
- materiality assessment, 252, 255–256
- Hess corporation
- stakeholder engagement, 251
- stakeholder engagement process, 251–252
- organizational policy and strategy, 244
- primary and secondary stakeholders, 244–245
- TD's core business
- stakeholder engagement, 248–250, 253–254
- stakeholders' expectations, 250–251
- stakeholder metrics, 288–289
- stakeholders
- company website, importance of, 323–324
- social media, importance of, 323
- standard operating procedure (SOP), 328
- sustainability
- definition, 19
- and standards
- competitive strategies, 227
- external stakeholders, 227
- role of companies, 227
- social partners, 226
- stakeholder engagement, 227
- sustainable initiatives, 227
- Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), 238
- sustainability management, 225
- sustainability metrics
- ABM 2017 Corporate Sustainability Report, 276–277
- annual assessment/auditing, 286
- Balanced Scorecard, 285
- carbon footprint, 283–284
- ecological footprint, 282–283
- Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard, 275, 276, 277–281
- International Organization for Standardization, 275
- ISO 26000, 282
- key performance indicators (KPIs), 285
- life cycle assessment (LCA), 284–285
- stakeholder metrics, 288–289
- sustainability reports, 231–233
- B Corporation, 267
- company's progressiveness, 263
- context of, 261–262
- environmental protection and stewardship, 262
- and ESG ratings, 269–270
- Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 262
- The Hartford, 286–288
- Hess Corporation
- accuracy and reliability, 265
- approach to reporting, 263
- boundary setting, 264–265
- materiality, 263–264
- reporting standards, 263
- requests for information, 265
- restatements, 265
- and impact investments, 268–269
- Johnson & Johnson, 266–267
- Marks and Spencer, 270–273
- supply chain, 267–268
- sustainability, urgency for adopting
- climate change, 13–15
- consumption factor, 9–10
- ecological footprint
- for 2016, 6
- carbon dioxide emissions, 5
- consumptive and disposal needs, 6
- earth's regenerative and absorptive capacity, 6
- earth's resources, over‐utilization of, 5
- Global Footprint Network, 6
- humanity's consumption of goods and services, 6
- human natural resource consumption and waste output, 5
- non‐renewable resources, 5
- quantitative assessment, 5
- renewable resources, 5
- sustainable environment, 6
- environment
- damages, 4
- earth formation, 4
- environmental concerns, 16
- fossil fuels, 12–13
- limits to growth
- economic collapse, 7
- industrial capital, 8, 9
- industrial output, 8, 9
- non‐renewable resources, 8
- overshoot and collapse, 7
- social and cultural changes, 7
- sustainable development, 8
- technological advancements, 7
- population growth, 15–16
- water conservation, 10–12
- distribution of earth's water, 11
- water cycle, 12
- water footprint, calculation of, 11
- water scarcity, 10
- sustainable communications strategy
- designing, 320
- development of, 321–322
- external assessment, 321
- internal assessment, 321
- sustainable development, 19
- sustainable strategies, 220–221, 328
- proposed projects, 219–220
- Wal‐Mart, 228–229
- systems thinking
- carbon dioxide emissions, reduction of, 88–89
- cost barrier, 84–85
- interface pipe design, 85–87
- oil imports, reducing of, 87–88
- sailboat design, for racing, 89–90
- system elements, 82
- system function/purpose, 83–84
- system interconnections, 82–83
- temperate forests, 148–149
- TerraCycle's Loop model, 130–131
- “The Ecology of Commerce”, 3
- The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 24
- The Natural Step (TNS)
- circular economy, 55
- Dow, 52–53
- environmental impact on businesses, 42
- the funnel, 43
- Interface Inc., 48–50
- Nike's core values, 53–54
- Pratt & Whitney Canada (P&WC), 54–55
- scientific principles, 47–48
- sustainability, conditions of
- earth's crust, substances from, 44–45
- productivity and diversity of nature, 46
- resources usage, 46–47
- substances produced by society, 45–46
- Total Quality Management (TQM), 328
- triple bottom line (TBL), 23
- tropical forests, 147–148
- Uber, 73
- UN 2030 agenda, 30–31
- United Nations Global Compact Initiative, 235, 237–238
- United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 13, 91, 137
- United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGS), 234–236
- affordable and clean energy, 34
- clean water and sanitation, 34
- climate action, 35–36
- decent work and economic growth, 34
- gender equality, 33
- good health and well‐being, 33
- industry, innovation, and infrastructure, 34
- life below water, 36
- life on land, 36–37
- no poverty, 32
- partnerships for goals, 37
- peace, justice, and strong institutions, 37
- quality education, 33
- reducing inequalities, 34–35
- responsible consumption and production, 35
- SDG pyramid, 38
- sustainable cities and communities, 35
- zero hunger, 32–33
- UN World Commission on Environment and Development, 58
- US Congress passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ), 57
- Wal‐Mart, 228–229
- water footprint concept
- accounting of, 305
- vs. carbon footprint, 310–311
- components, 303
- direct and indirect water footprints, 304
- goals and scope, 304–305
- and LCA, 306–307
- response formulation, 305–306
- sustainability assessment, 305
- water management
- in agriculture, 308
- Nestle, 309–310
- water efficiency, 308
- water policy reform, 308
- water scarcity, 10
- Whip Car, 72
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