INDEX

  • ABM 2017 Corporate Sustainability Report,  276–277
  • AeroFarms,  216
  • Airbnb,  73
  • Aristotle, 25
  • Aviva,  297–298
  • Balanced Scorecard,  285
  • Barclays,  298
  • base of the pyramid (BOP)
    • BOP protocol,  97–98
    • CNBC,  100
    • disruptive innovations,  92
    • disruptive technologies,  92
    • electricity,  95–96
    • great leap downward,  93
    • market opportunity,  101
    • “wealthy” consumers,  92
    • World Resources Institute (WRI),  98–99
  • Benyus, Janine,  104
  • big hairy audacious goal (BHAG)
    • toilets,  214–215
    • urban farming
      • aeroponic system,  216
      • vertical farming,  217
    • washing machines,  214
  • biomimicry, environmental innovation
    • abalone
      • shellfish,  104
      • shell, stronger than ceramic,  104–105
    • aerodynamic noise from owl wings,  118–119
    • bio‐inspired LEDs
      • factory‐roof shaped coating,  117
      • human made light‐emitting device,  117
      • photocytes,  117
    • bivalves
      • adhesive, functions in moist conditions,  106
      • synthetic version of mussel glue,  107
    • cheetahs, inspiring fast robots,  109–111
    • color and pigments,  115–116
    • compact and efficient structure,  111–113
    • cricket sounds,  116–117
    • definition,  104
    • electric eels, inspired power source,  120, 121
    • ethanol,  113–114
    • fish‐inspired travel
      • EPORO, Nissan's robot car,  109
      • fish behavior avoid collisions,  109
      • fish behavior rules,  109
    • hummingbird, inspired wind turbines,  120, 121
    • Lavasa,  118
    • mining project, proposal for Caterpillar (company),  122–124
    • pinecones, for energy efficient buildings,  122–123
    • rhinoceros
      • illegal killing,  107
      • synthetic substitute for horns,  107–108
    • shark scale, inspired drones, planes and wind turbines,  121–122
    • shaving razors, inspired by frog and cricket legs,  119–120
    • spider silk, synthetic production of,  105–106
  • Brower, David, 3
  • Brundtland, Gro Harlem,  19
  • Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD),  58
  • Buzz Car,  72
  • Capitalism at the Crossroads,  99
  • carbon footprint
    • Aviva,  297–298
    • Barclays,  298
    • and carbon emissions,  293–294
    • and climate change,  292–293
    • Intel,  298
    • LCA,  294
    • vs. water footprint concept,  310–311
  • carbon‐offset‐projects,  300
  • Ciamician, Giacomo,  104
  • circular economy
    • dairy industry,  129–130
    • designing,  131
    • Ellen MacArthur Foundation,  131–134
    • Gross National Trash (GNT),  134, 135
    • Kalundborg symbiosis,  128–129
    • municipal solid waste (MSW),  134, 135
    • The Natural Step (TNS),  55
    • TerraCycle's Loop model,  130–131
    • waste management
      • gross national trash (GNT),  178, 179
      • municipal solid waste (MSW),  178
      • recycle and recover, 177
      • reduce and reuse, 177
    • waste‐to‐energy systems
      • anaerobic digestion,  184–185
      • challenges of,  185
      • combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP),  182–183
      • combined heat and power (CHP),  181–182
      • future of,  185–186
      • gasification,  183–184
      • incineration,  180–181
      • pyrolysis,  183
  • climate change,  91, 163
    • alternative cement, impact of,  142
    • anthropogenic global warming,  155
    • and build resilience,  158
    • business system,  158
    • carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, 137
    • and carbon footprint,  292–293
    • district heating and cooling (DHC),  145–146
    • electric vehicles,  149–150
    • factors,  155
    • female education and family planning,  144–145
    • food waste,  142–143
    • GHG emissions,  155
    • global warming, 137
    • impact of ships,  150
    • insulation,  146–147
    • interconnected risks and systems,  156–157
    • long‐term climate change,  157–158
    • malaria, risks of,  159–160
    • plant‐rich diet,  143–144
    • precipitation patterns,  158
    • refrigeration chemicals, impact of,  141–142
    • solar farms,  140–141
    • strategy development process,  160–162
    • temperate forests,  148–149
    • tropical forests,  147–148
    • weather extremes,  155
    • wind turbines (onshore),  139–140
  • Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES)
    • principles, 29–30
  • Coca‐Cola,  307
  • communications strategy,  322
  • Conference of Parties (COP22),  14
  • corporate social responsibility (CSR),  259–260
    • brand value and reputation,  258
    • definition, 21
    • development of new markets, 21
    • enterprises, 21
    • European Union (EU) policy, 21
    • Europe 2020 strategy, 21
    • financial performance,  257
    • government and communities,  259
    • growth opportunities, 21
    • internal and external stakeholders, 21
    • legal obligations, 21
    • measuring and reporting,  23–24
    • operating costs,  257–258
    • regulatory measures, 21
    • responsibility for company's actions,  20
    • stakeholder value
      • business boundaries,  23
      • concept of business, 22
      • and consumer concern, 22
      • decision‐making processes, 22
      • diverse stakeholder groups, 22
      • ethical business guidelines, 22
      • follow‐up and feedback, 22
      • Most Valuable Priority, 22
      • reporting and recycling programs, 22
      • societal and environment obligations, 21
      • stakeholder engagement and dialogue, 22
    • sustainable development concept,  24–25
    • worker commitment,  258
  • corporate stakeholders,  20
  • corporate sustainability trends,  238–240
  • Didi (China),  73
  • digital technologies,  164
  • disruptive technologies,  100
  • Do It Right This Time (DIRTT),  131
  • Dow,  52–53
  • 1992 Earth Summit,  58
  • eco‐effective vs. eco‐efficient
    • automobile fuel economy,  57
    • brake pads,  60
    • computing efficiency,  59–60
    • concept of reinvention,  65
    • eco‐efficiency,  58
    • electric analog clocks,  62–63
    • fuel efficiency
      • battery‐operated cars,  59
      • Better Place,  59
      • CAFÉ standards,  58
      • in China,  58
      • electric automobiles,  59
      • fuel economy,  59
      • in India,  58–59
      • in US,  58
    • industrial machines,  58
    • informed personal preferences,  64
    • lean manufacturing,  58
    • non‐renewable energy,  57
    • non‐renewable natural resources,  58
    • oil total consumption,  57
    • passive positive list,  64–65
    • polymer recycling,  61
    • positive listing methodology,  65
    • textile dyeing and finishing,  61–62
    • undesirable substances,  63–64
  • ecological crimes,  327
  • electric vehicles,  149–150
  • Ellen MacArthur Foundation,  131–134
  • energy consumption
    • and global warming,  291–292
    • and world population,  291
  • environmental burden,  19
  • environmentally effective building
    • Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM),  202
    • Bullitt Center, in Seattle
      • ceilings,  199
      • central glass‐enclosed staircase,  199
      • cisterns store rainwater and “gray water”,  199
      • commercial space,  199
      • energy consumption,  201
      • energy efficiency features,  200
      • medium‐height sidewalk plantings,  199
      • solar array,  199, 200
      • USGBC's LEED certification,  199
      • water requirements,  200
  • EU Industrial Emissions Directive,  186
  • European Union (EU) policy, 21
  • Europe 2020 strategy, 21
  • fossil fuels,  12–13
  • Galanz,  93
  • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI),  262
    • ISO 26000 framework,  233–234
    • stakeholder engagement,  231
    • stakeholder inclusiveness,  231
    • stakeholder reporting process,  230–231
    • and stakeholders,  230–231
  • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard,  275, 276, 277–281
  • Gold Standards,  299
  • Great Pacific Garbage Patch, 127
  • green chemistry
    • approaches, for industry sectors,  207–208
    • growth and competitive advantage,  206
    • principles,  206–207
    • waste prevention options, 205
  • Greenhouse Gas Protocol (WRI),  295
  • green marketing
    • communication and sustainability,  314–315
    • and greenwashing,  313–314
    • guidelines,  316–319
    • materiality,  316
    • product modification,  315
    • stakeholders' purchasing decisions,  315
  • Gross National Trash (GNT),  134, 135
  • Hansen, James,  14, 137
  • Hart, Stuart L.,  91
  • Hawken, Paul, 3
  • Hindustan Lever, Ltd. (HLL),  96–97
  • Hollow Flashlight,  100
  • Honda,  93
  • Hubbert, M. King,  12
  • Hubbert's peak,  12
  • innovation and emergent technologies
    • AR technology,  170
    • business growth,  164
    • circular economy,  164
    • clean energy and biofuels,  169
    • climate problem,  173
    • consumption and production,  172
    • cybercrime/autonomy weapons,  173
    • economic growth, and future technologies,  169–170
    • energy consumption,  173
    • fifth generation of wireless technology,  167
    • gender equality and mobile technologies,  168
    • health and well‐being,  166–167
    • hunger and poverty,  166
    • Hyper Village concept,  172
    • ICT,  166
    • infrastructure project,  170
    • mitigating poverty,  164–165
    • monitor sea level rise and off grid solar,  173
    • policies and government actions,  173
    • reduce inequality,  171
    • reducing poverty in rural areas,  165
    • sanitation and smart cities,  168–169
    • smart cities,  170, 171–172
    • smokeless cooking stove,  165
    • sustainable cities and communities,  171–172
    • virtual reality (VR),  166
    • visualization technologies,  164
  • Intel,  59, 298
  • Interface Inc.,  48–50
  • International Institute for Environment and Development,  226
  • International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC),  238
  • International Organization for Standardization,  275
  • ISO 26000,  282
  • Kalundborg symbiosis,  128–129
  • key performance indicators (KPIs),  23, 285, 328
  • Kyoto Protocol,  13
  • landfilling,  186
  • Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
    • accredited professional,  196–197
    • application guides,  189
    • Bank of America Tower,  193–194
    • LEED 1.0,  188
    • LEED 2.0,  188
    • LEED 2.1,  188
    • LEED 3.0,  191–192
    • LEED 4.0,  192
    • LEED 4.1,  192
    • LEED‐EB award,  189
    • LEED‐NC 2.2,  189
    • LEED project certification process,  195–196
    • Living Building Challenge (LBC),  197–198
    • points for award,  189–191
  • life cycle assessment (LCA),  284–285
    • carbon footprint,  294
    • and product labels,  295–297
    • water footprint concept,  306–307
  • light emitting diode (LED) light,  99
  • linear economy, 127
  • Lyft,  73
  • materiality,  316
  • McKibben, Bill,  14
  • Moore, Gordon,  59
  • Moore's Law,  59
  • Most Valuable Priority, 22
  • Multi‐National Companies (MNCs),  99
  • municipal solid waste (MSW),  134, 135
  • nanotechnology
    • biomimicry,  210
    • consumer products,  212
    • definition,  209
    • development of applications,  211
    • environmental concerns,  210
    • nanomanufacturing,  212–213
    • nanoparticles,  211–212
    • sunscreen,  211
    • top‐down and bottom‐up categories,  213
    • US National Nanotechnology Initiative,  209
  • “Natural Capitalism”, 3
  • Nestle,  309–310
  • Netflix,  72
  • Nike,  53–54
  • Nike's World Shoe project,  100
  • Nirma,  96–97
  • Organization of the Petroleum Export Countries (OPEC),  57
  • Paris Agreement,  14
  • Prahalad, C. K.,  91
  • Pratt & Whitney Canada (P&WC),  54–55
  • Project Drawdown, 137–138
  • RelayRides,  72
  • renewable energy sources,  15
  • Rio Earth Summit,  13
  • Robèrt, Karl‐Henrik, 41
  • Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,  91
  • servicizing strategy
    • baby mattresses,  76
    • bike helmets,  77
    • business model,  69
    • child transportation safety services,  77
    • dematerialization,  68
    • disposal of luggage,  75
    • extended product responsibility (EPR),  68
    • floor comfort and esthetics,  70–71
    • functional economy,  67
    • home improvement paint,  76
    • information‐led economy,  67
    • medical equipment companies,  75
    • nutrient services,  76
    • perfumes, colognes, and fragrances, global market for,  75
    • Q card,  77–78
    • sale of light bulbs,  69–70
    • structural changes,  67
    • water treatment services,  71
  • sharing economy
    • automobiles,  72
    • bicycle rental programs,  72
    • collaborative consumption,  73–74
    • “liquid marketplace”,  73
    • service sector,  72
    • transportation service business,  72
    • underutilized assets,  72, 73
  • “Spinlister”,  73
  • stakeholder concept
    • Campbell Soup Company
      • materiality assessment,  256–257
      • stakeholder engagement,  245–248
      • stakeholder relations and attributes,  248
    • external stakeholders
      • materiality assessment,  252, 255–256
    • Hess corporation
      • stakeholder engagement, 251
      • stakeholder engagement process, 251–252
    • organizational policy and strategy,  244
    • primary and secondary stakeholders,  244–245
    • TD's core business
      • stakeholder engagement,  248–250, 253–254
      • stakeholders' expectations,  250–251
    • value creation,  244
  • stakeholder metrics,  288–289
  • stakeholders
    • company website, importance of,  323–324
    • social media, importance of,  323
  • standard operating procedure (SOP),  328
  • sustainability
    • definition,  19
    • and standards
      • competitive strategies,  227
      • external stakeholders,  227
      • role of companies,  227
      • social partners,  226
      • stakeholder engagement,  227
      • sustainable initiatives,  227
  • Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB),  238
  • sustainability management, 225
  • sustainability metrics
    • ABM 2017 Corporate Sustainability Report,  276–277
    • annual assessment/auditing,  286
    • Balanced Scorecard,  285
    • carbon footprint,  283–284
    • ecological footprint,  282–283
    • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard,  275, 276, 277–281
    • International Organization for Standardization,  275
    • ISO 26000,  282
    • key performance indicators (KPIs),  285
    • life cycle assessment (LCA),  284–285
    • stakeholder metrics,  288–289
  • sustainability reports,  231–233
    • B Corporation,  267
    • company's progressiveness,  263
    • context of,  261–262
    • environmental protection and stewardship,  262
    • and ESG ratings,  269–270
    • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI),  262
    • The Hartford,  286–288
    • Hess Corporation
      • accuracy and reliability,  265
      • approach to reporting,  263
      • boundary setting,  264–265
      • materiality,  263–264
      • reporting standards,  263
      • requests for information,  265
      • restatements,  265
    • and impact investments,  268–269
    • Johnson & Johnson,  266–267
    • Marks and Spencer,  270–273
    • supply chain,  267–268
  • sustainability, urgency for adopting
    • climate change,  13–15
    • consumption factor,  9–10
    • ecological footprint
      • for 2016,  6
      • carbon dioxide emissions,  5
      • consumptive and disposal needs,  6
      • earth's regenerative and absorptive capacity,  6
      • earth's resources, over‐utilization of,  5
      • Global Footprint Network,  6
      • humanity's consumption of goods and services,  6
      • human natural resource consumption and waste output,  5
      • non‐renewable resources,  5
      • quantitative assessment,  5
      • renewable resources,  5
      • sustainable environment,  6
    • environment
      • damages,  4
      • earth formation,  4
    • environmental concerns,  16
    • fossil fuels,  12–13
    • limits to growth
      • economic collapse,  7
      • industrial capital,  8, 9
      • industrial output,  8, 9
      • non‐renewable resources,  8
      • overshoot and collapse,  7
      • social and cultural changes,  7
      • sustainable development,  8
      • technological advancements,  7
    • population growth,  15–16
    • water conservation,  10–12
      • distribution of earth's water,  11
      • water cycle,  12
      • water footprint, calculation of,  11
      • water scarcity,  10
  • sustainable communications strategy
    • designing,  320
    • development of,  321–322
    • external assessment,  321
    • internal assessment,  321
  • sustainable development,  19
  • sustainable strategies,  220–221, 328
    • proposed projects,  219–220
    • Wal‐Mart,  228–229
  • systems thinking
    • carbon dioxide emissions, reduction of,  88–89
    • cost barrier,  84–85
    • interface pipe design,  85–87
    • oil imports, reducing of,  87–88
    • sailboat design, for racing,  89–90
    • system elements,  82
    • system function/purpose,  83–84
    • system interconnections,  82–83
  • temperate forests,  148–149
  • TerraCycle's Loop model,  130–131
  • “The Ecology of Commerce”, 3
  • The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI),  24
  • The Natural Step (TNS)
    • circular economy,  55
    • Dow,  52–53
    • environmental impact on businesses,  42
    • the funnel,  43
    • Interface Inc.,  48–50
    • Nike's core values,  53–54
    • Pratt & Whitney Canada (P&WC),  54–55
    • scientific principles,  47–48
    • sustainability, conditions of
      • earth's crust, substances from,  44–45
      • productivity and diversity of nature,  46
      • resources usage,  46–47
      • substances produced by society,  45–46
    • VinylPlus,  50–51
  • Total Quality Management (TQM),  328
  • triple bottom line (TBL),  23
  • tropical forests,  147–148
  • Uber,  73
  • UN 2030 agenda,  30–31
  • United Nations Global Compact Initiative,  235, 237–238
  • United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),  13, 91, 137
  • United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGS),  234–236
    • affordable and clean energy,  34
    • clean water and sanitation,  34
    • climate action,  35–36
    • decent work and economic growth,  34
    • gender equality,  33
    • good health and well‐being,  33
    • industry, innovation, and infrastructure,  34
    • life below water,  36
    • life on land,  36–37
    • no poverty,  32
    • partnerships for goals,  37
    • peace, justice, and strong institutions,  37
    • quality education,  33
    • reducing inequalities,  34–35
    • responsible consumption and production,  35
    • SDG pyramid,  38
    • sustainable cities and communities,  35
    • zero hunger,  32–33
  • UN World Commission on Environment and Development,  58
  • US Congress passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ),  57
  • VinylPlus,  50–51
  • Wal‐Mart,  228–229
  • water footprint concept
    • accounting of,  305
    • vs. carbon footprint,  310–311
    • components,  303
    • direct and indirect water footprints,  304
    • goals and scope,  304–305
    • and LCA,  306–307
    • response formulation,  305–306
    • sustainability assessment,  305
  • water management
    • in agriculture,  308
    • Nestle,  309–310
    • water efficiency,  308
    • water policy reform,  308
  • water scarcity,  10
  • Whip Car,  72
  • Zipcar,  72
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