Notes

Introduction: Why Courage?

1. After facilitators are trained in the Circle of Trust® approach by the Center for Courage & Renewal, they are authorized to design and deliver custom programs to fit the needs of their own community. One bright-spot example is the Courage to Lead for Nonprofit Leaders program, created by facilitators Ken Saxon and Kim Stokely in Southern California. By its ninth year in 2017, it had grown to one hundred forty alumni who stay connected as a local community of practice. See www.leading-from-within.org/courage-to-lead-2/.

2. William Stafford, “A Ritual to Read to Each Other,” in The Way It Is: New and Selected Poems (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 1998), 75.

3. Nik Gowing and Chris Langdon, Thinking the Unthinkable: A New Imperative for Leadership in the Digital Age; An Interim Report (London: Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, 2016), http://thinkunthinkable.org/.

4. “The Impact of Stress in the Classroom,” Center for Embodied Wisdom (n.d.), https://www.centreforembodiedwisdom.com/impact-of-stress-in-the-classroom/; Holly E. Mullin, “The Stress Response: Fight, Flight, Freeze, Feed & Fornicate,” Elephant Journal, August 16, 2013, https://www.elephantjournal.com/2013/08/the-stress-response-fightflightfreezefeed-fornicate-holly-e-mullin/.

5. Alistair Smith, The Brain’s Behind It: New Knowledge About the Brain and Learning (Stafford, UK: Network Educational Press, Ltd., 2002), 181.

6. Besides fight, flight, freeze, and flock, other stress responses beginning with the letter F appear in research literature and online: fawn, feed, and feign. Then there’s using the “F-word” itself, which is a sure sign of stress. Forgiveness would count as a positive response.

7. Gregory M. Reichberg, Thomas Aquinas on War and Peace (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017), 84–85.

8. Monica C. Worline, “Valor,” in Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification, ed. Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 213–228.

9. Malala Yousafzai, speech before the United Nations General Assembly, July 12, 2013. Full text of speech: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-full-text-malala-yousafzai-delivers-defiant-riposte-to-taliban-militants-with-speech-to-the-un-8706606.html.

10. Brené Brown’s January 2011 TED Talk, “The Power of Vulnerability,” has been viewed over six million times; it launched several more books and ongoing research. Available on YouTube, 20:49, posted by TED January 3, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCvmsMzlF7o.

11. Ryan McKelley, “Unmasking Masculinity—Helping Boys Become Connected Men,” TEDxUWLaCrosse. Available on YouTube, 18:20, posted by TEDx November 26, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbdnjqEoiXA.

12. John O’Donohue, “For a New Beginning,” in To Bless the Space Between Us (New York: Doubleday, 2008), 14.

13. Mary Ann Radmacher, Live Boldly (San Francisco: Conari Press, 2008), 4.

14. Monica C. Worline, “Dancing the Cliff Edge: The Role of Courage in Social Life” (PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, 2004); Monica C. Worline, “Courage in Organizations: An Integrative Review of ‘the Difficult Virtue,’” in Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship, ed. Kim S. Cameron and Gretchen M. Spreitzer (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 304–315.

15. Monica C. Worline and Jane E. Dutton, Awakening Compassion at Work (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2017), 57.

16. Allison Rimm, “To Guide Difficult Conversations, Try Using Compassion,” Harvard Business Review, June 19, 2013, https://hbr.org/2013/06/to-guide-difficult-conversation.

Chapter 1: What Is the Courage Way?

1. The Center for Courage & Renewal has trademarked the name Circle of Trust® approach to define this specific collection of principles and practices. This designation is for use only by facilitators who have been prepared by the Center. A circle of trust (lowercase) is the experience itself of intentional group dialogue, which can take place even in a group of two people.

2. Wendell Barry, “The Wild Geese,” in Collected Poems 1957–1982 (New York: North Point Press, 1998).

Chapter 2: The Inner Work of Leadership

1. Parker J. Palmer, The Courage to Teach, 20th anniv. ed. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2017), 11.

2. Named for August Ferdinand Möbius, the nineteenth-century German mathematician who discovered it.

3. Diana Chapman Walsh, interview by Courage & Renewal facilitators Rick Jackson and Diane Rawlins, Seattle, WA, August 9, 2006.

4. William Ayot, E-mail from the Soul: New and Selected Leadership Poems (Chepstow, South East Wales: Sleeping Mountain Press, 2014), 13.

5. Ibid.

Chapter 3: Have You Met Your True Self ?

1. C. Otto Scharmer, Theory U, 2nd ed. (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2016), 22.

2. John O’Donohue, “The Inner History of a Day,” in To Bless the Space Between Us (New York: Doubleday, 2008), 161.

3. William Stafford, “A Ritual to Read to Each Other,” in The Way It Is: New and Selected Poems (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 1998), 75.

4. Marie-Louise von Franz, Shadow and Evil in Fairy Tales (Boston: Shambhala, 1995), 3.

5. William Ayot, excerpt from “An Away-Day with the Shadow,” in E-mail from the Soul: New and Selected Leadership Poems (Chepstow, South East Wales: Sleeping Mountain Press, 2014), 102.

6. Marie-Louise von Franz, Shadow and Evil in Fairy Tales (Boston: Shambhala, 1995), 5.

7. Parker J. Palmer, Let Your Life Speak (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000), 86.

Chapter 4: Courage Takes Trust

1. “The Parable of the Trapeze—Danaan Parry,” YouTube video, 6:06, posted by Arocany April 7, 2012, https://youtube/HWvV5N4'hOGc. Words by Danaan Parry, Warriors of the Hear (Bainbridge Island, WA: Earth Stewards Network, 1991), 83. Also see http://www.earthstewards.org/ESN-Trapeze.asp

2. Anthony S. Bryk and Barbara Schneider, Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for Improvement (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002), 22–26, 122–124; Anthony S. Bryk, Penny Bender Sebring, Elaine Allensworth, John Q. Easton, and Stuart Luppescu, Organizing Schools for Improvement: Lessons from Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010). This research also included colleagues at the Urban Institute and the Alfred P. Sloan Center on Parents, Children and Work, University of Chicago, and the Consortium on Chicago School Research. In chapter 2 of Trust in Schools, the authors differentiate relational trust from organic and contractual trust, and describe a theory grounded in philosophy, political science, economics, and organization behavior.

3. Catherine Gewertz, “‘Trusting’ School Community Linked to Student Gains,” Education Week, October 16, 2002, http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2002/10/16/07trust.h22.html.

4. Pamela Seigle, Lisa Sankowski, and Chip Wood, facilitators of the Center for Courage & Renewal, brought their own professional expertise and passions to work with collaborators and researchers to develop and pilot practical applications for improving relational trust in schools. Leading Together: Building Adult Community in Schools was a pilot program that brought together principals and teacher leaders to experience reflective practices and protocols that can be facilitated in faculty meetings, grade-level meetings, child study teams, parent meetings, and classrooms. For more information, see www.couragerenewal.org/leading together.

5. Sara E. Rimm-Kaufman, Micela Leis, and Carol Paxton, Innovating Together to Improve the Adult Community in Schools: Results from a Two-Year Study of the Initial Implementation of Leading Together (Charlottesville: University of Virginia, June 26, 2014), www.couragerenewal.org/PDFs/UVA_LeadingTogether_July_11_2014_Final_Full_Report.pdf.

6. Bryk and Schneider, Trust in Schools, 23.

7. Nik Gowing and Chris Langdon, Thinking the Unthinkable: A New Imperative for Leadership in the Digital Age; An Interim Report (London: Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, 2016), http://thinkunthinkable.org.

8. Bryk and Schneider, Trust in Schools, 137.

9. Ibid., 26.

Chapter 5: Reflection in Community

1. “The Writing Worm,” Island, January 2017: 5, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0695/3129/files/Chatter_matters_PDF_publication_V2.pdf?11691364722338020443.

2. Rosie Martin, “Cochineal,” Transportation Press, January 14, 2015, https://transportationpress.net/tag/rosie-martin/.

3. Rosalie “Rosie” Martin received the 2017 Tasmanian Australian of the Year to honor her pioneering work in the teaching of language, literacy, and social communication to adults, including prisoners. See https://www.australianoftheyear.org.au/honour-roll/?view=fullView&recipientID=1824.

4. The Circle of Security method is unrelated to the Courage & Renewal Circle of Trust approach, although it applies similar concepts. See Circle of Security International, Spokane, WA, https://www.circleofsecurityinternational.com.

5. Rainer Maria Rilke, Letters to a Young Poet, trans. M. D. Herter (New York: Norton, 1993), 59.

6. Parker J. Palmer, A Hidden Wholeness (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004), 64.

7. Ibid., 60.

8. Nancy Olson, “Three Ways That Handwriting with a Pen Positively Affects Your Brain,” Forbes.com, May 15, 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/nancyolson/2016/05/15/three-ways-that-writing-with-a-pen-positively-affects-your-brain/#37557ecc5705.

9. Rosalie Martin, “Introduction,” Island, January 2017: 3, https://islandmag.com/pages/chatter-matters.

10. The Center for Courage & Renewal is a founding partner in the IHI 100 Million Healthier Lives initiative, which inspired these phrases about leading for change. It is an unprecedented collaboration of change agents across sectors to create an equitable health and wellbeing system. See https://www.100mlives.org/.

11. Parker J. Palmer, Healing the Heart of Democracy (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011), 45.

Chapter 6: The Courage to Care for True Self

1. Every year since 2002, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has honored ten physicians with the Parker J. Palmer Courage to Teach Award for finding innovative ways to teach residents and to provide quality health care while remaining connected to the initial impulse to care for others. It also annually confers Parker J. Palmer Courage to Lead awards to institutional officials who have demonstrated strong leadership and astute resource management and have encouraged innovation and improvement in residency programs and their sponsoring institutions. ACGME is the accreditation organization for approximately ten thousand post-MD medical residency and fellowship training programs in the United States. See http://www.acgme.org/What-We-Do/Initiatives/Awards/Parker-J-Palmer-Courage-to-Teach-Award.

2. Mandy Oaklander, “Life/Support: Inside the Movement to Save the Mental Health of American’s Doctors,” TIME, September 7–14, 2015: 42–51.

3. Nicole M. Cranley, Christopher J. L. Cunningham, and Mukta Panda, “Understanding Time Use, Stress and Recovery Practices Among Early Career Physicians: An Exploratory Study,” Psychology, Health & Medicine 21, no. 3 (2016): 362–367, doi:10.1080/13548506.2015.1061675.

4. Thomas Merton, Conjectures of a Guilty Bystander (New York: Image Doubleday, 1989), 86.

5. Parker J. Palmer, The Courage to Teach (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007), 205.

Chapter 7: The Courage to Answer Your Calling

1. Parker J. Palmer, Let Your Life Speak (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000), 4.

2. Bryan J. Dik and Ryan D. Duffy, Make Your Job a Calling: How the Psychology of Vocation Can Change Your Life at Work (West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2012).

3. Michael G. Pratt, Camille Pradies, and Douglas A. Lepisto, “Doing Well, Doing Good and Doing With: Organizational Practices for Effectively Cultivating Meaningful Work,” in Purpose and Meaning in the Workplace, ed. Bryan Dik, Zinta Byrne, and Michael Steger (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2013), 173–191.

4. John Paul Lederach, The Moral Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 165.

Chapter 8: The Courage to Question and Listen

1. Dawna Markova, “Thinking Ourselves Home,” in Living the Questions: Essays Inspired by the Work and Life of Parker J. Palmer, ed. Sam Intrator (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005), 65.

2. Robert Kegan and Lisa Laskow Lahey, An Everyone Culture (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2016).

3. Frederic Laloux, Reinventing Organizations (Brussels: Nelson Parker, 2014).

4. Ian Leslie, Curious (New York: Basic Books, 2014), xiv.

Chapter 9: The Courage to Hold Tension in Life-Giving Ways

1. Parker J. Palmer, To Know as We Are Known: A Spirituality of Education (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1983).

2. Michael S. Schneider, A Beginner’s Guide to Constructing the Universe: The Mathematical Archetypes of Nature, Art and Science (New York: HarperCollins, 1994), 39. A mathematics teacher, Schneider wrote this book to illuminate the principles of nature and philosophy inherent in geometry, in large part because as a child he dreaded the dry, irrelevant lessons, and wishes he’d known the magic behind math. In his chapter on the numeral three, he has a paragraph on Perceval—the only one of three knights to find the grail, which scholars and Jungians agree is a symbol of self-knowledge.

Chapter 10: The Courage to Choose Wisely

1. Dawna Markova, I Will Not Die an Unlived Life (Berkeley, CA: Conari Press, 2000), 1.

2. Howard Thurman, “The Sound of the Genuine,” baccalaureate address at Spelman College, May 4, 1980, as edited by Jo Moore Stewart in Spelman Messenger 96, no. 4 (Summer 1980): 14–15. Reprinted in “Crossings Reflection #4,” University of Indiana, http://eip.uindy.edu/crossings/publications/reflection4.pdf.

Chapter 11: The Courage to Connect and Trust in Each Other

1. Peter Block, Community: The Structure of Belonging (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2008), 155.

2. Sherry K. Watt, Designing Transformative Multicultural Initiatives: Theoretical Foundations, Practical Applications, and Facilitator Considerations (Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing, 2015), 17–21.

3. Ibid., 20.

4. Parker J. Palmer, A Hidden Wholeness (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004), 65.

5. Ibid., 65.

6. Brian Arao and Kristi Clemens, “From Safe Spaces to Brave Spaces: A New Way to Frame Dialogue Around Diversity and Social Justice,” in The Art of Effective Facilitation, ed. Lisa A. Landreman (Sterling, VA: Stylus, 2013), 135–149.

7. Ibid., 136.

8. For more about The Welcome Table project, see http://winterinstitute.org/community-relations/the-welcome-table/.

9. To learn about the origins of the Where I’m From exercise, see poet George Ella Lyons’s web page http://www.georgeellalyon.com/where.html.

Chapter 12: The Courage to Stay or to Leave

1. Judy Brown, The Art and Spirit of Leadership (Bloomington, IL: Traf-ford, 2012), 221.

2. Frederic Laloux, in group conversation in Parker Palmer’s living room, Madison, WI, January 27, 2015. Also see his book, Reinventing Organizations (Brussels: Nelson Parker, 2014).

3. Thomas Merton, Love and Living, eds. Naomi Burton Stone and Brother Patrick Hart (Orlando, FL: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002), 196.

4. Robert Lax, The Circus of the Sun (New York: Journeyman Books, 1960).