1. Scott Kirsner, “The Barriers Big Companies Face When They Try to Act Like Lean Startups,” Harvard Business Review, August 16, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/08/the-barriers-big-companies-face-when-they-try-to-act-like-lean-startups.
2. Eric Ries, The Startup Way: How Modern Companies Use Entrepreneurial Management to Transform Culture and Drive Long-Term Growth (New York: Currency, 2017).
3. Manifesto for Agile Software Development, http://agilemanifesto.org/.
4. Annual State of Agile Report, https://www.stateofagile.com/.
5. Agile Alliance, Experience Reports, https://www.agilealliance.org/resources/experience-reports/.
6. The origins of the DevOps movement are an inspiring read about grassroots disruption. The full story is available at https://theagileadmin.com/what-is-devops/.
7. Imarc Group, “DevOps Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2019–2024,” https://www.imarcgroup.com/devops-market.
8. 2014 State of DevOps Report, https://puppet.com/resources/whitepaper/2014-state-devops-report.
9. Prosci, Change Management and Agile Report, https://store.prosci.com/change-management-agile-report.html.
10. 2018 State of DevOps Report, https://puppet.com/resources/report/2018-state-devops-report/.
11. The Coding Gnome, “Agile Is Dead (Long Live Agility),” March 4, 2014, https://pragdave.me/blog/2014/03/04/time-to-kill-agile.html.
12. Steve Blank, “Is the Lean Startup Dead?” September 5, 2018, https://steveblank.com/2018/09/05/is-the-lean-startup-dead/.
13. See this great rebuttal from the innovation firm Strategyzer: Tendayi Viki, “Lean Startup Is Dead—Long Live Lean Startup,” March 19, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/tendayiviki/2017/03/19/lean-startup-is-dead-long-live-lean-startup/.
14. For the most vocal examples, see Ron Jeffries’s blog series on “Dark Scrum,” https://ronjeffries.com/categories/dark-scrum/; Martin Fowler’s keynote about the agile industrial complex, https://martinfowler.com/articles/agile-aus-2018.html; and the FansOfLess.com community protest.
15. Steve Blank, “Why GE’s Jeff Immelt Lost His Job—Disruption and Activist Investors,” November 1, 2017, https://steveblank.com/2017/11/01/why-ges-jeff-immelt-lost-his-job-disruption-and-activist-investors/.
16. Forbes Insights and Scrum Alliance, “The Elusive Agile Enterprise: How the Right Leadership Mindset, Workforce and Culture Can Transform Your Organization,” 2018, https://www.scrumalliance.org/ScrumRedesignDEVSite/media/Forbes-Media/ScrumAlliance_REPORT_FINAL-WEB.pdf.
17. For the detailed analysis, go to our free resources at the book website, UntappedAgility.com.
1. Even if you’ve practiced Scrum in the past, I strongly recommend you read the official description. It contains aspirational values and practices that most don’t know about. Check it out here: https://scrumguides.org/.
2. Personal interview, May 31, 2019.
3. Jeffrey M. Hiatt, ADKAR: A Model for Change in Business, Government and Our Community (Loveland, CO: Prosci, 2006).
4. Kotter, “8-Step Process for Leading Change,” https://www.kotterinc.com/8-steps-process-for-leading-change/.
5. Chip Heath and Dan Heath, Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard (New York: Broadway, 2010).
6. Simon Sinek, “How Great Leaders Inspire Action,” TED talk, September 2009, https://www.ted.com/talks/simon_sinek_how_great_leaders_inspire_action.
7. Gerald Zaltman, “The Subconscious Mind of the Consumer (and How to Reach It),” https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/the-subconscious-mind-of-the-consumer-and-how-to-reach-it.
8. Rick Rieder, “Tech Adoption Rates Have Reached Dizzying Heights,” Market Realist, December 24, 2015, https://marketrealist.com/2015/12/adoption-rates-dizzying-heights/.
9. CIPD, Megatrends, https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/work/trends/megatrends.
10. Michael Sheetz, “Technology Killing Off Corporate America: Average Life Span of Companies Under 20 Years,” CNBS, August 24, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/24/technology-killing-off-corporations-average-lifespan-of-company-under-20-years.html.
11. Scott D. Anthony, S. Patrick Viguerie, Evan I. Schwartz, and John Van Landeghem, Innosight, 2018 Corporate Longevity Forecast: Creative Destruction Is Accelerating, https://www.innosight.com/insight/creative-destruction/.
12. Kim Gerard, “It’s Not Nagging: Why Persistent, Redundant Communication Works,” Working Knowledge, April 18, 2011, https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/its-not-nagging-why-persistent-redundant-communication-works.
13. My favorite family of assessment tools is at https://ComparativeAgility.com. It’s a commercial product, but it’s completely free to those who hold certain certifications from the Scrum Alliance.
1. Robin Dymond, Twitter, March 12, 2018, https://twitter.com/robindymond/status/973292504815583233.
2. Eliyahu M. Goldratt, The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement (Great Barrington, MA: North River, 1984).
3. Mike Cottmeyer, “The Secret to Organizational Agility,” https://www.leadingagile.com/2008/12/the-secret-to-organizational-agility/.
4. Accelerate State of DevOps 2019, https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/state-of-devops-2019.pdf.
5. Accelerate State of DevOps 2019, https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/state-of-devops-2019.pdf.
6. 13th Annual State of Agile Report, https://www.stateofagile.com/#ufh-c-473508-state-of-agile-report.
7. Project Management Institute, “PMI Talent Triangle,” https://www.pmi.org/learning/training-development/talent-triangle.
8. Scott Berkun, The Year Without Pants (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2013).
9. Laszlo Bock, Work Rules! (New York: Hachette, 2015).
10. Bernard Marr, “How Accenture and Deloitte Got Rid of Performance Reviews—and You Can Too,” LinkedIn, August 16, 2015, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-accenture-deloitte-got-rid-performance-reviews-you-bernard-marr/.
11. Scrum Alliance, “Scrum Alliance® Adds Chief ScrumMaster Melissa Boggs Alongside Chief Product Owner Howard Sublett,” January 22, 2019, https://medium.com/scrum-alliance/scrum-alliance-announces-chief-scrummaster-cf4be412a0dc.
12. Scrum Alliance, Unscripted, https://www.scrumalliance.org/unscripted.
1. The Scrum Master role is defined in the Scrum framework. See https://scrumguides.org/.
2. 13th Annual State of Agile Report, https://www.stateofagile.com/#ufh-c-473508-state-of-agile-report.
3. Ian Bremmer, The J Curve: A New Way to Understand Why Nations Rise and Fall (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007).
4. John Banmen, “The Satir Model: Yesterday and Today,” Contemporary Family Therapy 24, no. 1 (2002): 7–22, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1014365304082.
5. According to the 13th Annual State of Agile Report, the word “Scrum” and its variants (“Scrum/XP Hybrid” and “Scrumban”) are used by nearly three-fourths of all professionals in the agile movement.
6. “What Is ScrumBut?” https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-scrumbut.
7. The Clever PM, “Why ‘ScrumBut’ Shouldn’t Be a Bad Word,” June 8, 2017, http://www.cleverpm.com/2017/06/08/why-scrumbut-shouldnt-be-a-bad-word/.
8. Jurgen Appelo, “ScrumButs Are the Best Part of Scrum,” September 2, 2009, https://noop.nl/2009/09/scrumbuts-are-the-best-part-of-scrum.html.
9. L. David Marquet, Turn the Ship Around! (New York: Penguin, 2012).
10. Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, 6th ed. (Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute, 2017).
1. 13th Annual State of Agile Report, https://www.stateofagile.com/#ufh-c-473508-state-of-agile-report.
2. 2019 Accelerate State of DevOps Report, https://cloud.google.com/devops/state-of-devops/.
3. Jeff Sutherland and J. J. Sutherland, Scrum: The Art of Doing Twice the Work in Half the Time (New York: Crown, 2014).
4. Personal interview, June 3, 2019.
5. Jim Collins and Morten T. Hansen, Great by Choice (New York: HarperCollins, 2011).
6. Metered funding is explained in detail in Eric Ries, The Startup Way (New York: Currency, 2017).
7. The book Work Rules! details the many organizational experiments that Google has run. Laszlo Bock, Work Rules! (New York: Hachette, 2015).
8. Scaled Agile Framework, https://www.scaledagileframework.com/.
9. In a March 22, 2020, private interview with Scaled Agile Fellow: the planning iteration (25h) + four iteration plannings, standups, reviews, and retros (24h) + ongoing refinement (10h) = 59 out of 400 work hours = 15%. For a more detailed breakdown, go to the book website UntappedAgility.com.
10. Gartner Glossary, “Bimodal,” https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/bimodal.
11. Clint Boulton, “Why Digital Disruption Leaves No Room for Bimodal IT,” CIO, May 11, 2017, https://www.cio.com/article/3196037/why-digital-disruption-leaves-little-no-room-for-bimodal-it.html.
12. Agile Practice Guide (Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute, 2017). Also available as a free download to Agile Alliance members (https://www.agilealliance.org/agile-practice-guide/) and PMI members (https://www.pmi.org/pmbok-guide-standards/practice-guides/agile).
13. William Ury, The Power of a Positive No (New York: Bantam, 2007).
1. Manifesto for Agile Software Development, http://agilemanifesto.org.
2. Zappos aspires to be transparent about their Holacracy experiment on their website (https://www.zapposinsights.com/about/holacracy). But not everyone believes it was worth it: see Jennifer Reingold, “How a Radical Shift Left Zappos Reeling,” Fortune, March 4, 2016, http://fortune.com/zappos-tony-hsieh-holacracy/.
3. Craig described his reorg process in a 2015 speech in London, starting at 36:02, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phOCA3myNws.
4. Jeff Sutherland, Scott Downey, and Björn Granvik, “Shock Therapy: A Bootstrap for Hyper-Productive Scrum,” http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5261105/.
5. Boris Groysberg and Michael Slind, “Leadership Is a Conversation,” Harvard Business Review (March 2012), https://hbr.org/2012/06/leadership-is-a-conversation.
6. Brené Brown, Dare to Lead (New York: Random House, 2018).
7. Charles Duhigg, Power of Habit (New York: Random House, 2012).
8. Tim Harford, Adapt: Why Success Always Starts with Failure (Boston: Little, Brown, 2011).
9. Federal News Network, “OPM Director John Berry Promises Big Changes for Hiring, Retention, Retirement,” April 15, 2010, https://federalnewsradio.com/all-news/2010/04/opm-director-john-berry-promises-big-changes-for-hiring-retention-retirement/.
10. Richard Cheng and Bridget Dongarra, “Super Product Ownership: Creating and Scaling Product Ownership in the Federal Government,” https://agile2016.sched.com/event/6edL/super-product-ownership-creating-and-scaling-product-ownership-in-the-federal-government-richard-cheng-bridget-dongarra.
11. Kathryn Dill, “The Top 25 Companies that Will Let You Work from Home,” https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/31/the-top-25-companies-that-will-let-you-work-from-home.html.
12. Rita Gunther McGrath, “Failure Is a Gold Mine for India’s Tata,” Harvard Business Review, April 11, 2011.
1. Personal interview, June 3, 2019.
2. To see the detailed analysis, go to the free resources on the book website, UntappedAgility.com.
3. Jeffrey M. Hiatt, ADKAR: A Model for Change in Business, Government and Our Community (Loveland, CO: Prosci, 2006).
4. Robert J. Anderson and William A. Adams, Scaling Leadership (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2019).
5. Thomas Carlyle, On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History (London: James Fraser, 1841).
6. On his website, the theory’s co-creator Paul Hersey boasts over fourteen million leaders have been formally trained in the approach: https://situational.com/.
7. Robert J. House and Terence R. Mitchell, “Path-Goal Theory of Leadership,” April 1975, https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA009513.
8. Fred E. Fielder, A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness (New York: McGraw-Hill Series in Management, 1967).
9. Bernard Burnes, “Kurt Lewin and the Harwood Studies: The Foundations of OD,” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 43, no. 2 (2007).
10. Daniel Goleman, “Leadership That Gets Results,” Harvard Business Review (March–April 2000), https://hbr.org/2000/03/leadership-that-gets-results.
11. Robert J. Anderson and William A. Adams, Mastering Leadership (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2016).
12. Bill Joiner and Stephen Josephs, Leadership Agility (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007).
13. Finding Mastery podcast, https://findingmastery.net/category/podcasts/.
14. “Satya Nadella, Microsoft CEO,” Finding Mastery podcast, May 9, 2018, https://findingmastery.net/satya-nadella/.
15. Richard Branson, “What’s the Health of Your Success?” Virgin, May 17, 2017, https://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/whats-health-your-success.
16. Joel Gascoigne, “My Morning Routine as a Remote CEO and Why It’s Always Changing,” podcast, https://open.buffer.com/morning-routine-remote-ceo/.
17. Andrew Merle, “This Is When Successful People Wake Up,” Huffington Post, July 17, 2017, https://www.huffpost.com/entry/this-is-when-successful-people-wake-up_b_596d17a3e4b0376db8b65a1a.
18. Michael Hyatt, “Hit the Ground Writing,” https://michaelhyatt.com/consistent-journaling/.
19. Catherine Clifford, “Bill Gates Took Solo ‘Think Weeks’ in a Cabin in the Woods—Why It’s a Great Strategy,” Make It, July 28, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/26/bill-gates-took-solo-think-weeks-in-a-cabin-in-the-woods.html.
20. Bill Campbell, Trillion Dollar Coach (New York: Alphabet, 2019).
21. Peter Bregman, “How to Ask for Feedback That Will Actually Help You,” Harvard Business Review, December 5, 2014, https://hbr.org/2014/12/how-to-ask-for-feedback-that-will-actually-help-you.
22. Free templates are available at the book website, UntappedAgility.com.
1. Jim Collins, Good to Great (New York: Harper Business, 2011).
2. “TEDxVictoria—Dave Morris: The Way of Improvisation,” YouTube, https://youtube.com/watch?v=MUO-pWJ0riQ.
3. Forrest Gump, directed by R. Zemeckis (Los Angeles: Paramount Pictures, 1994).
1. Forty-one percent of respondents were either actively searching for a new job or planned to start in the coming year. https://www.fastcompany.com/3065845/why-nearly-half-of-workers-globally-could-leave-their-jobs-in-2017.