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Book Description

The way electronic instruments are built is changing in a deeply fundamental way. It is making an evolutionary leap to a new method of design that is being called synthetic instruments. This new method promises to be the most significant advance in electronic test and instrumentation since the introduction of automated test equipment (ATE). The switch to synthetic instruments is beginning now, and it will profoundly affect all test and measurement equipment that will be developed in the future.

Synthetic instruments are like ordinary instruments in that they are specific to a particular measurement or test. They might be a voltmeter that measures voltage, or a spectrum analyzer that measures spectra. The key, defining difference is this: synthetic instruments are implemented purely in software that runs on general purpose, non-specific measurement hardware with a high speed A/D and D/A at its core. In a synthetic instrument, the software is specific; the hardware is generic. Therefore, the "personality" of a synthetic instrument can be changed in an instant. A voltmeter may be a spectrum analyzer a few seconds later, and then become a power meter, or network analyzer, or oscilloscope. Totally different instruments are implemented on the same hardware and can be switched back and forth in the blink of an eye.

This book explains the basics of synthetic instrumentation for the many people that will need to quickly learn about this revolutionary way to design test equipment. This book attempts to demystify the topic, cutting through, commercial hype, and obscure, vague jargon, to get to the heart of the technique. It reveals the important basic underlying concepts, showing people how the synthetic instrument design approach, properly executed, is so effective in creating nstrumentation that out performs traditional approaches to T&M and ATE being used today.

  • provides an overview and complete introduction to this revolutionary new technology
  • enables equipment designers and manufacturers to produce vastly more functional and flexible instrumentation; it's not your father's multimeter!

Table of Contents

  1. Cover image
  2. Title page
  3. Table of Contents
  4. Copyright
  5. Foreword
  6. Preface
  7. Acknowledgments
  8. What’s on the CD-ROM?
  9. Chapter 1: What is a Synthetic Instrument?
    1. History of Automated Measurement
    2. Synthetic Instruments Defined
    3. Advantages of Synthetic Instruments
    4. Synthetic Instrument Misconceptions
  10. Chapter 2: Synthetic Measurement System Hardware Architectures
    1. System Concept—The CCC Architecture
    2. Hardware Requirements Traceability
  11. Chapter 3: Stimulus
    1. Stimulus Digital Signal Processing
    2. Stimulus Triggering
    3. The Stimulus D/A
    4. Stimulus Conditioning
    5. Stimulus Cascade—Real-World Example
  12. Chapter 4: Response
    1. Response Signal Conditioning
    2. The Response Codec
    3. Response Digital Signal Processing
    4. Response Cascade—Real-World Example
  13. Chapter 5: Real-World Design: A Synthetic Measurement System
    1. Universal High-Speed RF Microwave Test System
    2. System Architecture
    3. DUT Interface
    4. Calibration
    5. Software Solutions
    6. Conclusions
  14. Chapter 6: Measurement Maps
    1. Measurement Abstraction
    2. General Measurements
    3. Abscissas and Ordinates
    4. Ports and Modes
    5. Map Manipulations
    6. Calibration Strategy and Map Manipulations
    7. Canonical Maps
    8. Processing a Measurement
  15. Chapter 7: Signals
    1. Kinds of Signals
    2. Coding, Decoding, and Measuring the Signal Hierarchy
    3. Decoding Method Abscissas
    4. Direct Real Analog Baseband Signals
    5. Digital Coded Baseband
    6. Analog Coded Baseband
    7. Bandwidth
    8. Bandpass Signals
    9. Bandpass Sampling
    10. Image Rejection
    11. Interference and Images
    12. I/Q Sampling
    13. Broadband Periodic Signals
  16. Chapter 8: Calibration and Accuracy
    1. Metrology for Marketers and Managers
    2. Introduction to Calibration
    3. Stimulus Calibration
    4. De-Embedding Calibration Objects
  17. Chapter 9: Specifying Synthetic Instruments
    1. Synthetic Instrument Definition and XML
    2. Introduction to XML
    3. Describing the Measurement System with XML
    4. Describing Measurement Results with XML
  18. Chapter 10: Synthetic Instrument Markup Language: SIML
    1. A DTD for Measurement Description
    2. More SIML Details
  19. Chapter 11: Ten Mistakes in Synthetic Measurement System Design
    1. Fixing Performance or Functionality Shortfalls Exclusively by Adding Hardware
    2. Fixing Hardware Mistakes with Software
    3. Adding Modes or Features Dedicated to Specific Measurements
    4. Designing Synthetic Instruments Procedurally
    5. Meeting Legacy Instrument Specifications
    6. Developing Stimulus Separate from Response
    7. Not Combining Measurements
    8. Hardware Modularity as a Distraction
    9. Bad Lab Procedure
    10. Fear of Change
  20. Acronym Glossary
  21. Basic SIML DTD
  22. Bibliography
  23. About the Author
  24. Index