Contents
1.1 Symbols and Factors Used in This Book
1.1.1 Symbols Used in Power Systems
1.1.2 Factors and Symbols Used in AC Power Systems
1.1.3 Factors and Symbols Used in DC Power Systems
1.2 FFT—Fast Fourier Transform
1.2.1 Central Symmetrical Periodical Function
1.2.2 Axial (Mirror) Symmetrical Periodical Function
1.2.4 Useful Formulae and Data
1.2.5 Examples of FFT Applications
1.3.1 Categorizing Existing Inverters
2. Pulse Width-Modulated DC/AC Inverters
2.2 Parameters Used in PWM Operation
2.2.1.1 Linear Range (ma ≤ 1.0)
2.2.1.2 Over Modulation (1.0 < ma ≤ 3.24)
2.2.1.3 Square Wave (Sufficiently Large ma > 3.24)
2.3.1 Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
2.3.2 Current Source Inverter (CSI)
2.3.3 Impedance Source Inverter (z-Source Inverter—ZSI)
2.3.4 Circuits of DC/AC Inverters
3.1 Single-Phase Voltage Source Inverter
3.1.1 Single-Phase Half-Bridge VSI
3.1.2 Single-Phase Full-Bridge VSI
3.2 Three-Phase Full-Bridge VSI
3.3 Vector Analysis and Determination of ma
3.3.3 ma Calculation with L-C Filter
4.1 Three-Phase Full-Bridge Current Source Inverter
4.2.1 Negative Polarity Input Voltage
4.2.2 Positive Polarity Input Voltage
5.1 Comparison with VSI and CSI
5.2 Equivalent Circuit and Operation
5.3 Circuit Analysis and Calculations
5.4 Simulation and Experimental Results
6. Quasi-Impedance Source Inverters
6.1 Introduction to ZSI and Basic Topologies
6.2 Extended Boost qZSI Topologies
6.2.1 Diode-Assisted Extended Boost qZSI Topologies
6.2.2 Capacitor-Assisted Extended Boost qZSI Topologies
7. Soft-Switching DC/AC Inverters
7.1 Notched DC Link Inverters for Brushless DC Motor Drive
7.1.4 Simulation and Experimental Results
7.2.1 Topology of Resonant Pole Inverter
7.2.4 Simulation and Experimental Results
7.3 Transformer-Based Resonant DC Link Inverter
7.3.3.1 Full Duty Cycle Operation
7.3.4 Simulation and Experimental Results
8.2 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverters
8.3 Capacitor-Clamped Multilevel Inverters (Flying Capacitor Inverters)
8.4 Multilevel Inverters Using H-Bridges (HBs) Converters
8.4.1 Cascaded Equal Voltage Multilevel Inverters (CEMI)
8.4.2 Binary Hybrid Multilevel Inverter (BHMI)
8.4.3 Quasi-Linear Multilevel Inverter (QLMI)
8.4.4 Trinary Hybrid Multilevel Inverter (THMI)
8.5 Other Kinds of Multilevel Inverters
8.5.1 Generalized Multilevel Inverters (GMI)
8.5.2 Mixed-Level Multilevel Inverter Topologies
8.5.3 Multilevel Inverters by Connection of Three-Phase Two-Level Inverters
9. Trinary Hybrid Multilevel Inverter (THMI)
9.2 Proof of Greatest Number of Output Voltage Levels
9.2.2 Comparison of Various Kinds of Multilevel Inverters
9.2.3 Modulation Strategies for THMI
9.2.3.1 Step Modulation Strategy
9.2.3.2 Virtual Stage Modulation Strategy
9.2.3.3 Hybrid Modulation Strategy
9.2.3.4 Subharmonic PWM Strategies
9.2.3.5 Simple Modulation Strategy
9.2.4.1 Analysis of DC Bus Power Injection
9.2.4.2 Regenerative Power in THMI
9.2.4.3 Method to Avoid Regenerative Power
9.2.4.4 Summary of Regenerative Power in THMI
9.3.1 Experiment to Verify Step Modulation and Virtual Stage Modulation
9.3.2 Experiment to Verify New Method to Eliminate Regenerative Power
9.4 Trinary Hybrid 81-Level Multilevel Inverter
9.4.4 Simulation and Experimental Results
10. Laddered Multilevel DC/AC Inverters Used in Solar Panel Energy Systems
10.2.1 Arithmetic Progressions
10.2.1.2 Natural Number Progression
10.2.1.3 Odd Number Progression
10.2.2.2 Trinary Number Progression
10.3 Laddered Multilevel DC/AC Inverters
10.3.2 General Circuit of Laddered Inverters
10.3.3 Linear Laddered Inverters (LLIs)
10.3.4 Natural Number Laddered Inverters (NNLIs)
10.3.5 Odd Number Laddered Inverters (ONLIs)
10.3.6 Binary Laddered Inverters (BLIs)
10.3.7 Modified Binary Laddered Inverters (MBLIs)
10.3.8 Luo Progression Laddered Inverters (LPLIs)
10.3.9 Ye Progression Laddered Inverters (YPLIs)
10.3.10 Trinary Laddered Inverters (TLIs)
10.4 Comparison of All Laddered Inverters
10.5 Solar Panel Energy Systems
10.6 Simulation and Experimental Results
11. Super-Lift Converter Multilevel DC/AC Inverters Used in Solar Panel Energy Systems
11.2 Super-Lift Converter Used in Multilevel DC/AC Inverters
11.2.1 Seven-Level SL Inverter
11.2.2 Fifteen-Level SL Inverter
11.2.3 Twenty-One-Level SC Inverter
11.3 Simulation and Experimental Results
12. Switched-Capacitor Multilevel DC/AC Inverters in Solar Panel Energy Systems
12.2 Switched Capacitor Used in Multilevel DC/AC Inverters
12.2.3 Fifteen-Level SC Inverter
12.2.4 Higher-Level SC Inverter
12.3 Simulation and Experimental Results
13. Switched Inductor Multilevel DC/AC Inverters Used in Solar Panel Energy Systems
13.2 Switched Inductor Used in Multilevel DC/AC Inverters
13.2.3 Fifteen-Level SC Inverter
13.3 Simulation and Experimental Results
14. Best Switching Angles to Obtain Lowest THD for Multilevel DC/AC Inverters
14.2 Methods for Determination of Switching Angle
14.2.2 Equal-Phase (EP) Method
14.2.3 Half-Equal-Phase (HEP) Method
14.2.4 Half-Height (HH) Method
14.2.5 Feed-Forward (FF) Method
14.2.6 Comparison of Methods in Each Level
14.2.7 Comparison of Levels for Each Method
14.2.8 THDs of Different Methods
14.3.1 Using MATLAB® to Obtain Best Switching Angles
14.3.2 Analysis of Results of Best Switching Angles Calculation
14.3.3 Output Voltage Waveform for Multilevel Inverters
15. Design Examples for Wind Turbine and Solar Panel Energy Systems
15.2 Wind Turbine Energy Systems
15.2.2 Design Example for Wind Turbine Power System
15.2.2.1 Design Example for Wind Turbine
15.2.2.2 Design Example for Converters
15.3 Solar Panel Energy Systems