- Preface
- 1. Introduction
- 1. The Philosophy of Backup
- 2. Backing It All Up
- Don’t Skip This Chapter!
- Deciding Why You Are Backing Up
- Deciding What to Back Up
- Deciding When to Back Up
- Deciding How to Back Up
- Storing Your Backups
- Testing Your Backups
- Monitoring Your Backups
- Following Proper Development Procedures
- Unrelated Miscellanea
- Good Luck
- 2. Open-Source Backup Utilities
- 3. Basic Backup and Recovery Utilities
- An Overview
- Backing Up and Restoring with ntbackup
- Using System Restore in Windows
- Backing Up with the dump Utility
- Syntax of the dump Command
- The Options to the dump Command
- Specifying a complete or incremental backup (0–9)
- Specifying a blocking factor (b)
- Updating the dumpdates file (u)
- Notifying your backup operators (n)
- Specifying density and size (d and s)
- Do I have to use the s and d options?
- Specifying a backup device file (f)
- Displaying which filesystems need to be backed up (W and w)
- Interesting options for Solaris’s ufsdump utility
- What a dump Backup Looks Like
- Restoring with the restore Utility
- Is the Backup Volume Readable?
- Blocking Factor
- Byte-Order Differences
- Different Versions of dump
- Syntax of the restore Command
- The Options to the restore Command
- Determining the type of restore
- Determining how the restore behaves
- Creating a dump volume table of contents (t)
- Performing a complete (recursive) filesystem restore (r)
- Restoring files by name (x)
- Restoring files interactively (i)
- Restoring files to another location
- Requesting verbose output (v)
- Skipping files (s)
- Specifying a blocking factor (b)
- Specifying a backup drive or file (f)
- Specifying no query during restore (y)
- Limitations of dump and restore
- Features to Check For
- Backing Up and Restoring with the cpio Utility
- Backing Up and Restoring with the tar Utility
- Backing Up and Restoring with the dd Utility
- Using rsync
- Backing Up and Restoring with the ditto Utility
- Comparing tar, cpio, and dump
- Using ssh or rsh as a Conduit Between Systems
- 4. Amanda
- 5. BackupPC
- 6. Bacula
- 7. Open-Source Near-CDP
- 3. Basic Backup and Recovery Utilities
- 3. Commercial Backup
- 8. Commercial Backup Utilities
- What to Look For
- Full Support of Your Platforms
- Backup of Raw Partitions
- Backup of Very Large Filesystems and Files
- Aggressive Requirements
- Simultaneous Backup of Many Clients to One Drive
- Disk-to-Disk-to-Tape Backup
- Simultaneous Backup of One Client to Many Drives
- Data Requiring Special Treatment
- Storage Management Features
- Reduction in Network Traffic
- Support of a Standard or Custom Backup Format
- Ease of Administration
- Security
- Ease of Recovery
- Protection of the Backup Index
- Robustness
- Automation
- Volume Verification
- Cost
- Vendor
- Final Thoughts
- 9. Backup Hardware
- Decision Factors
- Using Backup Hardware
- Tape Drives
- Tape Drives Must Be Streamed
- Compression Makes It Harder to Stream Drives
- Variable Speed Tape Drives
- Helical and Linear Tape Drives Are Different
- Cartridges Versus Cassettes
- Midrange Tape Drive Types
- 3480 (end-of-lifed)
- 3590
- 3592
- TS1120
- 3570 drive (a.k.a. Magstar MP)
- 8 mm (8x0x) drives (end-of-lifed)
- 9840 drives
- 9940 drives
- T10000 drives
- AIT drive
- DDS drive
- DLT drives (end-of-lifed)
- DLT-S drives (aka Super DLT)
- DLT-V drives (aka Value DLT)
- DTF drive
- LMS NCTP drive
- LTO drives
- Mammoth drive (end-of-lifed)
- MLR 1-3 drives
- VXA
- Optical Drives
- Automated Backup Hardware
- Disk Targets
- 8. Commercial Backup Utilities
- 4. Bare-Metal Recovery
- 10. Solaris Bare-Metal Recovery
- 11. Linux and Windows
- How It Works
- The Steps in Theory
- Assumptions
- Alt-Boot Full Image Method
- Alt-Boot Partition Image Method
- Live Method
- Alt-Boot Filesystem Method
- Automate Bare-Metal Recovery with G4L
- Commercial Solutions
- 12. HP-UX Bare-Metal Recovery
- 13. AIX Bare-Metal Recovery
- 14. Mac OS X Bare-Metal Recovery
- 5. Database Backup
- 15. Backing Up Databases
- Can It Be Done?
- Confusion: The Mysteries of Database Architecture
- The Muck Stops Here: Databases in Plain English
- What’s the Big Deal?
- Database Structure
- An Overview of a Page Change
- ACID Compliance
- What Can Happen to an RDBMS?
- Backing Up an RDBMS
- Restoring an RDBMS
- Documentation and Testing
- Unique Database Requirements
- 16. Oracle Backup and Recovery
- Two Backup Methods
- Oracle Architecture
- Physical Backups Without rman
- Physical Backups with rman
- Flashback
- Managing the Archived Redo Logs
- Recovering Oracle
- Using This Recovery Guide
- Seriously, Think About rman
- Step 1: Try Startup Mount
- Step 2: Are All Control Files Missing?
- Step 3: Replace Missing Control File
- Step 4: Are All Datafiles and Redo Logs OK?
- Step 5: Restore Damaged Datafiles or Redo Logs
- Step 6: Is There a “Backup to Trace” of the Control File?
- Step 7: Run the create controlfile Script
- Step 8: Restore Control Files and Prepare the Database for Recovery
- Step 9: Recover the Database
- Step 10: Does “alter database open” Work?
- Step 11: Are There Damaged Datafiles for Required Tablespaces?
- Step 12: Restore All Datafiles in Required Tablespaces
- Step 13: Damaged Nonrequired Datafile?
- Step 14: Take Damaged Datafile Offline
- Step 15: Were Any Datafiles Taken Offline?
- Step 16: Restore and Recover Offline Datafiles
- Step 17: Is There a Damaged Online Log Group?
- Step 18: Are Any Rollback Segments Unavailable?
- Step 19: Recover Tablespace Containing Unavailable Rollback Segment
- Step 20: Is the Current Online Log Damaged?
- Step 21: Restore and Recover All Database Files from Backup
- Step 22: Run alter database open resetlogs
- Step 23: Is an Active Online Redo Log Damaged?
- Step 24: Perform a Checkpoint
- Step 25: Is an Inactive Online Redo Log Damaged?
- Step 26: Drop/Add a Damaged, Inactive Log Group
- You’re Done!
- Logical Backups
- A Broken Record
- 17. Sybase Backup and Recovery
- Sybase Architecture
- The Power User’s View
- The DBA’s View
- Protecting Your Database
- Backup Automation Through Scripting
- Physical Backups with a Storage Manager
- Recovering Your Database
- Common Sybase Procedures
- Sybase Recovery Procedure
- Step 1: Can You Connect to Your Server Using isql?
- Step 2: Run the Stored Procedure sp_who
- Step 3: Blocked Processes
- Step 4: Log Suspend
- Step 5: You Can’t Connect Using isql
- Step 6: Check the Sybase Server Error Log
- Step 7: Check Whether Your Server Is Running
- Step 8: Running Server but Can’t Connect Remotely
- Step 9: Restart Your Server
- Step 10: Startup Failure
- Step 11: Contact Sybase Support Immediately
- Step 12: Able to Get Shared Memory?
- Step 13: Master Device Failure
- Step 14: Disk Device Failure
- 18. IBM DB2 Backup and Recovery
- 19. SQL Server
- Overview of SQL Server
- The Power User’s View
- The DBA’s View
- Backups
- Logical (Table-Level) Backups
- Restore and Recovery
- Components of a Restore
- Recovery Roadmap
- Step 1: Check for obvious hardware errors or server problems
- Step 2: Can you connect to the instance using a GUI or T-SQL?
- Step 3: Can you connect to the master database?
- Step 4: Can you connect to a specific, nonsystem database?
- Step 5: Initial checks
- Step 6: Are any datafiles missing?
- Step 7: Is the transaction log full?
- Step 8: Is it possible to repair the DB?
- Step 9: Before you begin the restore process
- Step 10: Restore under the simple recovery model
- Step 11: Restore under the full or bulk logged recovery model
- Database Restore
- Master Database Restore
- 20. Exchange
- 21. PostgreSQL
- 22. MySQL
- MySQL Architecture
- MySQL Backup and Recovery Methodologies
- SQL-Level Backup and Recovery
- File-Level Backup and Recovery
- Using Point-in-Time Recovery
- MySQL Cluster Hot Backup and Recovery
- Initial configuration
- Performing a backup of MySQL cluster
- Restoring a MySQL cluster
- 6. Potpourri
- 23. VMware and Miscellanea
- Backing Up VMware Servers
- Volatile Filesystems
- Demystifying dump
- How Do I Read This Volume?
- Prepare in Advance
- Wrong Media Type
- Bad or Dirty Drive or Tape
- Different Drive Types
- Wrong Compression Setting/Type
- The Little Endian That Couldn’t
- Block Size (Tape Volumes Only)
- Determine the Blocking Factor
- AIX and Its 512-Byte Block Size
- Unknown Backup Format
- Different Backup Format
- Damaged Volume
- Reading a “Flaky” Tape
- Multiple Partitions on a Tape
- If at First You Don’t Succeed...
- Gigabit Ethernet
- Disk Recovery Companies
- Yesterday
- Trust Me About the Backups
- 24. It’s All About Data Protection
- Business Reasons for Data Protection
- Technical Reasons for Data Protection
- Backup and Archive
- What Needs to Be Backed Up?
- What Needs to Be Archived?
- Examples of Backup and Archive
- Can Open-Source Backup Do the Job?
- Disaster Recovery
- Everything Starts with the Business
- Define the Core Competency of the Organization
- Prioritize the Business Functions Necessary to Continue the Core Competency
- Correlate Each System to a Business Function, and Prioritize
- Define RPO and RTO for Each Critical System
- Create Consistency Groups
- Determine for Each Critical System What to Protect from
- Determine the Costs of an Outage
- Plan for All Types of Disasters
- Prepare for Cost Justification
- Storage Security
- Conclusion
- 23. VMware and Miscellanea
- Index
- About the Author
- Colophon
- Copyright
- 15. Backing Up Databases
About the Author
W. Curtis Preston has specialized in designing data protection systems since 1993, and has designed such systems for many environments, both large and small. His lively prose and wry, real-world approach has made him a popular author and speaker.
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