Chapter 6

Developing Campus PPMRR Strategies

This section helps to organize the layout of the campus emergency prevention, preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery operations according to FEMA and the Department of Education guidelines.

FEMA and the Department of Education recommend that a campus emergency plan be organized into three sections: Basic Guidelines, Functional Annex, Threat- and Hazard-Specific Annex. Each of the annexes aligns with the NIMS recommendation that for each identified threat and/or hazard a set of Goals, Objectives, and Action Items be constructed for each of the three time frames associated with an incident: before, during, and after.

This resource book replaces the word “before” with the phrase Prevention, Preparedness, and Mitigation Strategies; the word “during” is replaced with Response Strategies; and the word “after” is replaced with Recovery Strategies.

In addition to the three sections—The Basic Guideline, Functional Annex, Threat- and Hazard-Specific Annex—adding a section for Training Compliance Documentation and a section for Campus Policies is recommended. These policies could include

• Emergency Activation Plan Policy for inputting new faculty, staff, student contact information
• Information Technology Security Policy
• Missing Student Policy
• Mutual Aid Policy
• Snow Emergency Closing Policy
• Suspicious Mail Policy

Following the five sections, it is recommended that two appendices be added. Communications Templates for use in activating the mass notification system whether it be by phone, text, or other means, and Safety Message Templates for use in developing emergency preparedness campaigns and training sessions.

The guidelines that follow are never referred to as a plan but always a strategy or guideline. If procedural steps are specifically described in a safety manual, failure to follow the procedures would not be considered discretionary action, and therefore there would be no immunity. If procedures are stated as guidelines, or, as in this resource book, strategies, following them could be considered discretionary and therefore immune.

Section 1: THE Basic Guideline

The Basic Guideline sets the stage by defining how the campus has organized itself to protect the campus community. It cites the legal authority for emergency planning and conducting emergency operations, identifies the threats and hazards that the campus should be prepared to address, assigns ICS/NIMS compliant roles and responsibilities to campus staff, as well as provides contact lists for all campus personnel and community partners.

The Basic Guideline begins with a “Statement of Purpose” that provides an overview of why the guideline was created. Following the “Statement of Purpose” is the “Mission Statement,” which typically makes a statement regarding the importance of providing a safe environment for learning and working. The next section is called “Authorities,” a statement that describes the mandate by which the campus is creating its guidelines or strategies. In the United States, Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5) and NIMS are the overarching legal authorities. The strategies should support the U.S. Department of Education (2013), Guide for Developing High-Quality School Emergency Operations Plans for Institutions of Higher Education, and the Clery Act that requires every Title IV institution, without exception, to convey its process for mass notification use in emergencies, and how mass notification tests will be conducted, to have and disclose emergency response and evacuation procedures, and to outline training of response personnel. In addition to following federal mandates, each campus guideline and strategy should support and complement its own state education department regulations.

The primary objective of creating campus guidelines and strategies is to protect the health, safety, and welfare of students, faculty, staff, visitors, and to protect school property. To meet this objective, planning is essential. In order to plan you need to uncover the threats and hazards, a campus might encounter. While it is impossible to cover every possible event that could occur, it is possible to provide a general understanding of activities that should be undertaken no matter what emergency event befalls the school. The “Threat and Hazard Analysis” section follows the “Authorities” section.

Threat and Hazard Analysis

The first step is to examine potential emergencies based on the risk posed by likely hazards; develop and implement programs and actions aimed toward preventing, protecting, and mitigating the campus from the identified hazards; prepare for those risks that cannot be eliminated; and prescribe the possible responses required to deal with the events, and take action to quickly recover from the event and thereby reducing the impact of the event on the campus.

The analysis assesses the probability that a specific threat or hazard will occur; the effects it will likely have, including the severity of the impact; the time the campus will have to warn students, faculty, and staff about the threat or hazard; and how long it may last. It examines environmental, technological, and man-made possibilities that could make the campus vulnerable.

To determine what environmental, technological, and man-made hazards and threats may present themselves at the campus, the first step should be to refer to the community hazard and threat analysis conducted by the town/county/state in which your campus resides. Next examine the campus incident reports to identify historical occurrences. Keeping abreast of what other campuses are reporting as threats and hazards through professional organizations and literature can help thwart a similar event at your campus. Once you have identified the threats and hazards, write a narrative analysis to be inserted into the PPMRR under the title “Threat and Hazard Analysis”. The following is a sample narrative analysis.

Sample Threat and Hazard Analysis

(Replace the items in parenthesis with your campus-specific threat and hazard analysis data.)

A threat and hazard analysis for (NAME College/University) was conducted on (Date). A thorough review of the (TOWN/CITY/COUNTY/STATE) threat and hazard analysis was conducted. It revealed that (NAME College/University), located in the center of this geographic area, is at risk for (seasonal hurricanes, brush fires, tornadoes). The historical incident reports and analysis of probable events that could occur at the college identified the following risks: (flooding of the buildings on the lower campus during significant rain, computer hacking, fire in residential housing, hazmat spill inside a campus building). A review of the literature pertaining to campus emergency management reveals that (active shooter and missing student events) are on the rise. From this threat and hazard analysis, the following Risk Priority table was constructed.

Next enter the data into a table that will ultimately be included in the campus guidelines. For each threat or hazard listed in your analysis table, list one finding for each heading: Probability, Magnitude, Warning, Duration, and Risk Priority: and include a legend to explain the scales. The purpose is to prioritize the likelihood of the threat or hazard occurring, the length of time needed to warn the campus of the impending danger, how long you estimate that the event will last, which ultimately helps to identify the risk priority. The following table shows two possible threats or hazards; fire and a hazmat spill in a building on campus. Probability is presented on a scale of 1 to 4: 4—Very likely, 3—Likely, 2—Possible, 1—Unlikely. Magnitude is presented on a scale of 1 to 4: 4—Catastrophic, 3—Critical, 2—Limited, 1—Negligible. Warning is represented by the amount of time necessary to warn the campus community of the impending danger; 4 equates to minimal, 3 equates to 6–12 hours, 2 equates to 12–24 hours, and 1 equates to 24 or more hours. Duration is the length of time the threat or hazard is expected to last. The Risk Priority is what your campus PPMRR team assigns to each threat or hazard, based on the factors of probability, magnitude, warning, and duration.

Hazard	Probability	Magnitude	Warning	Duration (hours)	Risk Priority
Fire	4. Very likely	3. Critical	4. Minimal	2. 3–6	High
Hazmat spill inside a campus building	2. Possible	2. Limited	4. Minimal	1. < 3	Low

Legend

Probability	Magnitude	Warning	Duration (hours)	Risk Priority
4. Very likely	4. Catastrophic	4. Minimal	4. 12+	High
3. Likely	3. Critical	3. 6–12 hours	3. 6–12	Medium
2. Possible	2. Limited	2. 12–24 hours	2. 3–6	Low
1. Unlikely	1. Negligible	1. 24+ hours	1. <3

Emergency Classification Levels (ECLs) can assist in determining threat and hazard risk priorities. Some colleges/universities use three ECLs while others may choose to use four or five levels. The number of ECLs is not as important as the team at your college or university who knows the ECLs used for your campus and what each level indicates. Include the ECLs and your campus’s definition of the ECL. This guidebook uses three ECL levels.

Level 1 (Minor Incident): A Level 1 incident is any incident, potential or actual, that will not seriously affect the overall functional capacity of the university. Level 1 incidents could include a medical emergency (cardiac arrest, seizure, drug overdose), severe weather advisory (snow, ice storm), contained fire, chemical spill confined to a single area, loss of electricity or heat, a building flooding from a broken pipe. It may not be necessary for the entire PPMRR team to meet to manage a Level 1 event. The PPMRR team lead will be notified of Level 1 events and make decisions regarding who needs to be contacted based on the individual incident. A Level 1 equates to a Risk Priority of Low.

Level 2 (Emergency/Partial Activation): A Level 2 incident is any incident, potential or actual, that affects an entire building or buildings, and which may disrupt the overall operations of the campus. Level 2 incidents could include a major severe weather event threat (tornado, hurricane), loss of heat/air conditioning, contagious disease outbreak (Ebola, flu), bomb threat, a significant reputation risk to the college/university. These events require a coordinated response with external partners, such as police, Department of Health, local Department of Emergency Management. The PPMRR team will open and man the Emergency Operations Center/Command Post until the event has concluded. A Level 2 equates to a Risk Priority of Medium.

Level 3 (Disaster/Full Activation): A Level 3 incident has the potential to interrupt the continuation of regular campus activities. Level 3 incidents could include: a major severe weather event strike (tornado, hurricane, earthquake), major fire with injuries, structural collapse with injuries, civil unrest in the surrounding community, acts of violence: active shooter, threats involving weapons, hostage and/or kidnapping, terrorist attacks. These critical events require an immediate notification to and response by the PPMRR team. The PPMRR team will open and man the Emergency Operations Center/Command Post until the event has concluded. A Level 3 equates to a Risk Priority of High.

For each incident level, identify the process for activating the mass notification system and the campus response component for threats and hazards. It should include who makes decisions and initiates procedures for any campus emergency event, the procedure for reporting an emergency, when information is released, and how information is provided to the campus community. Be sure to have a procedure in place to send an immediate warning notification to the campus community upon confirmation of a significant emergency or dangerous situation involving an immediate threat to the health or safety of students, staff, or faculty and a timely warning for Clery Act crimes that have already occurred but represent an ongoing threat.

Sample Mass Notification and Response Activation Process

A typical campus emergency event is reported to the (Public Safety Office at xxx-xxx-xxxx) from a cell phone or a campus desk phone, on-campus emergency phone, weather radio, weather siren, or other means. The Public Safety staff on duty will contact the (Director of Public Safety) or the assigned duty officer immediately. The Public Safety Director or duty officer determines the incident level as defined in the PPMRR and immediately contacts the (Director of Emergency Management).

The (Emergency Management Director) will begin the emergency notification procedure to the appropriate Executive Policy Group member, Command Staff, and Section Chiefs via phone/text to assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community as appropriate; opening the Emergency Operations Center (EOC), canceling or relocating classes, and so on.

For imminent danger, any member of the PPMRR team can initiate a message through the Emergency Alert System without consultation with other team members.

Section 2: Functional Annex

Section 2 of the campus guidelines contains the Functional Annexes; critical activities that apply to one or more threats and hazards. This guide places strategies for Accountability, Communication, Evacuation, Shelter-in-Place, and Lock-Down in the Functional Annex. Each activity lists a goal that ties to the Mission Statement and strategies for meeting the goal in all phases: prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. The goal for each threat and hazard strategy is always to provide direction to the campus community on actions to be taken to keep the community safe. In the prevention, protection, mitigation phases, the objective is to ensure that campus policies consider actions that could prevent or lessen the impact of a threat or hazard.

The strategies listed in this Functional Annex are basic, generic, and meant to be expanded upon with campus-specific strategies. They are not meant to be copied and pasted into any campus guideline. Each campus will develop its own strategies, but where appropriate may use wording from this guide. Use this chapter as a foundation for the layout of your campus Functional Annex.

Accountability

Goals: To ensure that rosters and accountability lists of students, staff, and faculty are available and easily accessible; for staff and faculty to be able to access and utilize rosters and accountability lists in the midst of a critical event; to provide training for staff and faculty that incorporates the use of rosters and accountability lists.

Protection, Prevention, and Mitigation Strategies

Accountability starts with the PPMRR team having access to a campus master list updated each semester. It should include office locations, cell phone numbers of all faculty and staff, faculty office hours, and classroom times and locations, as well as a master student course roster. It is imperative that there is an accurate account of who was in each building before the evacuation order was issued and who was able to safely vacate the premises. In order to accomplish this, faculty and department heads need to know that it is their responsibility to take the attendance rosters with them during evacuation, lock-down, and shelter-in-place events.

Faculty, staff, and students need to be informed of rally points in the event of an evacuation of shelter-in-place events. Designating floor wardens and/or building wardens to assist with accountability has proved to be beneficial. If your campus institutes the floor and/or building warden system, be sure to designate backups for these positions in the event that an evacuation or shelter-in place occurs at a time when the floor and/or building warden is not on campus. Floor wardens are typically assigned to help facilitate a swift evacuation of the floor where they work. Their role is to ensure that everyone evacuates, closes the classroom/office doors upon exiting, takes the stairs not the elevator, and to relay to Public Safety whether everyone is accounted for or if someone is missing or injured.

Accountability strategies should also be in place for campus groups traveling off-campus whether in campus-owned, leased, or operated vehicles or with a public carrier. Filing a roster with Public Safety before departure is imperative. In the event of an accident or other unscheduled incident, Public Safety should be notified immediately.

Response Strategies

Without delay when an evacuation, shelter-in-place, or lock-down is issued, faculty must lead students, and department heads must lead their staff to the designated rally point and take attendance and inform building or floor warden of any missing or injured students, staff, and faculty. Building wardens contact Public Safety immediately of anyone missing or injured.

In the event of an accident occurring with an off-campus group, assess the situation, activate the accountability strategies, develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community and families as appropriate.

Recovery Strategies

After the event has concluded, as necessary update rosters, provide training for students, staff, faculty, building and floor wardens. Write an After Action Plan to review what went well and areas for improvement.

Communications

Goals: Create outlets to provide timely and accurate information to the internal and external campus community on the status of any phase of the PPMRR operation; utilize these outlets to effectively communicate with faculty, staff, students, and the general public regarding actions necessary to protect people and property; represent the campus as responsible and caring, and maintain stakeholder confidence.

Prevention, Protection, and Mitigation Strategies

Before a critical event occurs is the time for the campus to devise its communication strategies. Communication strategies should include creating communication templates that are easily updated to reflect the current critical event. Multiple communications modalities should be in place and tested regularly. They could include:

• Mass Notification System for phone calls, text messaging, e-mails
• Website postings
• Electronic bulletin board
• Social media outlets such as Facebook and Twitter
• Speaker systems in buildings
• Bullhorns
• Person to person using campus personnel
• Campus paper notice postings
• Local radio and TV station broadcasts
• Threat- and hazard-specific safety bulletins
• Code Blue emergency phones
• Government Emergency Telephone Systems (GETS)

Create a Timely Notice policy that identifies Emergency Classification Levels (ECLs), and the process that identifies how and who sends notifications to the campus community. Identify types of significant emergencies or dangers for which Timely Notices will be sent to the campus community. Events such as fire, tornado, hurricane, earthquake, gas leak, terrorist incident, armed intruder, bomb threat, and explosion are typically among the types of instances that a message is sent via a Mass Notification System including phone, text messaging, and e-mail. Emergency alert messages can be delivered via the multiple modes as listed earlier. Develop a system that updates the faculty, staff, and student database at least each semester and/or for staff and faculty as they join and separate from the campus.

Create an “All Clear” policy for threats and hazards that have caused the EOC to be activated. Create a strategy for informing the campus community of new policies and to provide training on current systems.

Develop and maintain a database of local and regional media contacts along with telephone and e-mail contact information. Prepare a media kit on CD or in USB format: campus fact sheet, campus map, list of key contacts. Identify a location to be designated as a media center, equipped with Internet connections, telephone lines, and located away from the EOC.

Create a database of support agencies: local police department, fire department, hospital, local emergency management, utility companies along with a contact person and their phone number, e-mail and physical address. Include town, county, and state representatives, as well as the Red Cross, Salvation Army, and other voluntary agencies. These databases should be ready and available in print, online, and on a USB for use by the Liaison Officer at the start of a campus critical event.

Develop strategies to enhance the skills of the communication staff. Enroll staff in training courses such as Basic Public Information Officers (G290); Advanced Public Information Officers (E388); Public Information Awareness (IS-29) all provided by FEMA. Information regarding content and availability of these courses can be obtained at the National Preparedness Directorate at: http://www.training.fema.gov.

Sample Emergency Telephone Hotline Message

Due to (name event), (campus name) will be closed on (day of week), (date or dates). Day and evening classes have been canceled.

Please check (website) and stay tuned to area television and radio stations for further information.

Sample Text Message Alerts

Shelter-in-Place

Emergency at (location)—Go indoors immediately and shelter-in-place until further notice.

Check (website) for updates.

Shooting on Campus—Lock-Down

Shooting at (location)—Go to a secure location and deny entry (lock-down) now!

Check (website) for updates.

Weather Emergency

(Name weather event) approaching—Seek indoor shelter immediately until further notice.

Check (website) for updates.

Sample Potential Event Communication Template

(Campus name) received a serious threat of a potentially violent incident on campus. At (time, date), the (local) Police Department received a (name the threat). In order to ensure the safety of the campus community, the campus will be closed (day) and all classes have been canceled.

Sample Generic Communication Template

At approximately (time) today, an (name the event) occurred (at/struck the) (locality/campus). (Campus Police/Public Safety) were immediately dispatched to assess injuries and damage. (Indicate injuries, deaths, property damage, fires, etc., reported to date.) Response personnel from community police/fire agencies were called into action, and the staff of the (Campus Police/Public Safety) and the PPMRR team, under the direction of the President, opened the Emergency Operations Center. Classes are (in session/canceled) until (date). Further information will be provided as it becomes available. Check the campus (website) for detailed information.

Response Strategies

Activate the Timely Notice system. Take the lead in utilizing and monitoring social media to counter misinformation and rumors that may negatively impact the campus as the crisis progresses. Develop prepared statements to be made by the PIO. Provide a dedicated phone number for telephone inquiries from parents and the media. Change the Safety Hotline recording to indicate the campus situation and status.

Recovery Strategies

Activate the “All Clear” directive when appropriate via the mass communication system. Encourage faculty, staff, and students to call their families to let them know their status. This will help to minimize overload of the campus telephone system with incoming calls.

Review data on messages, delivery, and effects from

• Letters from the community
• News articles
• Letters to editors

Update templates and databases as necessary. Contribute to the After Action Report all actions pertaining to the function of communications throughout the critical event.

Evacuation

Goals: To provide the campus community an opportunity to become familiar with the sound of the fire alarm, the location of exits, practice timely evacuation drill procedures; during a critical event to be able to use this tested knowledge to make an expeditious evacuation; to make recommendations for improving evacuation time.

Prevention, Protection, and Mitigation Strategies

At the first meeting of each semester at the respective meetings of the faculty, staff, students, an agenda item will be the evacuation safety and accountability strategies. Relay the location of exits and rally points to be used during an evacuation of each campus facility. Assign building and floor wardens to assist with evacuation. Provide strategies for evacuating people with mobility challenges.

Schedule and conduct evacuation drills at least once in the beginning of each semester in residence halls, and all office and academic buildings. Coordinate with facilities to ensure that evacuation route schematics are posted in every room on campus; that every exit sign is lit; that a policy is in place to keep stairwells and exits clear. When determining shelter locations consider including an engineer to determine the use of campus facilities as shelter points.

Sample Evacuation Policy for Students, Staff, and Faculty

• Secure hazardous operations if possible.
• Take only important personal items. Leave nonessential items.
• Close doors behind the last person out of the room.
• Walk quickly and orderly to the nearest safe exit.
• Do not exit using elevators unless authorized emergency personnel tell you to do so.
• Do not re-enter the building until authorized emergency personnel give the “All Clear” signal.
• Report any missing or trapped persons to authorized emergency personnel.
• Move away from the building to an established evacuation area.
• If you are unable to do so due to a physical disability, injury, or obstruction, go to the nearest location where there are no hazards, such as a hazard-free stairwell and call Public Safety at xxx-xxx-xxxx or call 911 from a safe location.
  • Signal out the window to emergency responders, if possible.
  • Remain calm, responders will arrive.

Sample Rally Point Communication

Administration Building

• Evacuation: Assemble in north parking lot
• Shelter: Assemble in the hallway of the basement, interior offices, or in the restrooms

Student Center

• Evacuation: Assemble in the open area of the quad by the athletic field
• Shelter: Assemble on the first floor away from windows in the hallway or bathrooms

Academic Commons North Building

• Evacuation: Assemble at the south side of the building near the quad fountain
• Shelter: Assemble on the first floor in interior rooms or faculty/staff restrooms

Scheduling Evacuation Drills

Develop a strategy to conduct announced and unannounced evacuation drills each semester to test the emergency response and evacuation procedures, and to assess and evaluate the emergency evacuation plans and capabilities. Assign responsibilities for monitoring, evaluating, and making recommendations for improvements. What follows is a suggested evacuation drill frequency table. Consider publishing drill results and scheduling training where necessary.

Facility Type	Minimum Drill Frequency
Residence halls	Once per semester
Facilities used for educational purposes, containing notable amounts of hazardous materials, exceeding three stories in height	Once per semester
Academic buildings	Once per semester
Office buildings	Annually
Daycare	Monthly

Response Strategies

For imminent danger such as a fire, any member of the campus community can initiate an evacuation by pulling a fire alarm. Evacuate all classes, offices, and campus facilities as safely and expeditiously as possible. Activate accountability strategies. Include here the process in place at your campus for contacting the local fire department and emergency response personnel such as EMS.

Refer to communication strategies for initiating an evacuation directive through the Mass Notification System, and for informing PPMRR team members to check into the EOC. The Executive Policy Group will assess the situation and make recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, and so on.

The following scale is used in classifying successful evacuation drill times. Follow-up drills are required for buildings classified as Needs Improvement.

Evacuation Time (minutes)	Rating	Cooperation
<5–10	Excellent	Prompt and orderly evacuation
<10–15	Average	Minor objections to leaving
>15	Needs improvement	Notable delays and opposition

Sample Evacuation Instructions for Faculty, Staff, and Students with Physical Challenges

Mobility Impairment (use crutches, cane, wheelchair, or walker)

• If evacuation is ordered, proceed to the nearest designated exit.
• If in a building with more than one story, exit to the nearest stairwell and call Public Safety at xxx-xxx-xxxx.

Deaf or Hearing Impaired

• If evacuation is ordered, proceed to the nearest designated exit.
• Look for the visual fire alarm in the hallway.
• Ask for assistance by writing a note or using hand gestures.

Blind or Visually Impaired

• If evacuation is ordered, proceed to the nearest designated area.
• Listen for the audio fire alarm or other warning signal.
• Ask for assistance and tell the person how to best assist you.

Recovery Strategies

The safety of the campus community is paramount. After the fire has been extinguished and all community members have been accounted for, the process of determining the extent of the damage and repairing or rebuilding the structures begins. An After Action Report is written for actual events as well as for drills.

Lock-Down

Goals: To keep the campus community safe from all acts of violence, including the active shooter, by providing lock-down training to minimize assaults and deaths; to put steps in place to initiate a timely notice lock-down; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

Prevention, Preparation, and Mitigation Strategies

At least once a year, a lock-down training and drill should be conducted to provide strategies to the campus community on how to properly respond to a directive to lock-down. Typically, a lock-down is called in response to a campus intruder. A lock-down directive is not the same as a shelter-in-place directive.

Provide training for all faculty, staff, and students to include guidance for what to do if they observe an individual on campus with a weapon or a potential weapon. Empower faculty, staff, and students through training to say something by calling Public Safety and 911 and to protect themselves by locking themselves in a classroom and/or office, turn off the lights and cell phones. And as a last resort, fight off a campus intruder rather than becoming a statistic. Strategies such as Run, Hide, Fight are recommended by the Department of Homeland Security. The ALICE Institute, an acronym for Alert, Lock-Down, Inform, Counter, Evacuate, uses the same principles to instruct faculty, staff, and students on how to keep safe during an act of violence event.

Mitigation strategies also include installing deadbolts on all classroom doors and safe area locations, and arming the Public Safety personnel with tools to assist in responding to an intruder on campus. Include guidelines for when and how to contact the local police force.

To assist in identifying persons of concern before an event occurs, it is recommended that all campuses create a Behavior Intervention Team (BIT) and a reporting system to review incidents and/or behaviors involving employees, students, or visitors with regard to potential threats of violence or harm.

Response Strategies

Activate communication strategies to initiate the campus lock-down directive through the Mass Notification System. Activate the EOC. All PPMRR team members if able to safely do so should go to the EOC, or contact the PPMRR team via phone/text to assess the situation and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, and so on. Follow the directions of the responding police force as they take over the role of Incident Commander.

Sample Lock-down Policy for Students, Staff, and Faculty

• Immediately go to the nearest available classroom or office
• Close and lock all windows and doors
• Move away from all windows and doors
• Turn off classroom lights
• Turn cell phones off
• Use ALICE strategies (Alert, Lock-Down, Inform, Counter, Evacuate)
• Do not leave the classroom or office until instructed to do so by appropriate authorities

Recovery Strategies

Develop a strategy for issuing the “All Clear” when appropriate via the mass communication system. Violations of the law will be managed by the law enforcement agency. Provide access to counseling services for all persons affected by this incident. Review the BIT team records and prepare the After Action Report.

Shelter-in-Place

Goal: To provide training for the campus community to keep safe from chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants that may be released accidentally or intentionally into the environment or an imminent weather event such as a tornado or hurricane; to put steps in place to initiate a shelter-in-place; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

Preventive, Protective, and Mitigation Strategies

At least once a year, a shelter-in-place training and drill should be conducted to provide strategies to the campus community on how to properly respond to a directive to shelter-in-place. Typically a shelter-in-place directive is initiated to protect the community from an impending weather emergency or an impending or actual unsafe air quality event. A shelter-in-place directive is not the same as a lock-down directive.

“Shelter-in-place” means to take immediate shelter where you are. It may also mean “seal the room”; in other words, take steps to prevent outside air from coming in.

Provide strategies for keeping the campus community safe. Provide training for all faculty, staff, and students that includes identifying a safe location in each building. Typically, this is the lowest level, inner hallways or inner rooms, preferably without windows. These Safe Areas should be posted on the floor plans, in classrooms, and office areas. In order to keep safe from a chemical, biological, or radiological contaminant, this may also include methods for ensuring that no outside air permeates into the building.

Training for the facilities staff should incorporate a periodic inspection of windows and doors to ascertain that there are no cracks, seals are tight, and locks are in working order. Upon receiving notification of a toxic release, the facilities staff should immediately shut down the HVAC system. For classrooms and/or offices with window A/C units, the responsibility to shutoff the unit may reside with individual staff and faculty members. Develop guidelines for the types of events that require the HVAC systems to be shut down.

Determine who at the campus has responsibility for monitoring the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Alert Systems, local news and weather stations around-the-clock, every day of the year. Develop a process to relay threats as determined by these monitoring agencies. To maintain a higher level of awareness for weather-related events, campuses may choose to participate in the Storm Ready Program for colleges and universities. Over 150 campuses nationwide are registered with this National Weather Service program, which is designed to help communities better prepare for and mitigate effects of extreme weather-related events. Information is available about this program at: http://www.stormready.noaa.gov/university.htm.

Response Strategies

Activate communication strategies to initiate the campus Shelter-in-Place directive through the Mass Notification System. Activate the guidelines as determined by the impending event for protecting the campus from weather or toxic releases. Activate the EOC. All PPMRR team members if able to safely do so should go to the EOC, or contact the PPMRR team via phone/text to assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, and so on. Follow the directions of the Incident Commander.

Recovery Strategies

Develop a strategy for issuing the “All Clear” when appropriate via the mass communication system. The physical and emotional safety of the campus community is paramount. Provide access to counseling services for all persons affected by this incident. After the event has concluded and all community members have been accounted for, the process of determining the extent of the damage and repairing or rebuilding the structures begins. An After Action Report is written for actual events as well as for drills.

Sample Shelter-in-Place Policy for Students, Staff, and Faculty

• Take immediate cover in the closest building.
• Locate an interior room; without windows or with the least number of windows.
• Shut and lock all windows and close exterior doors.
• Stay away from windows.
• Turn off air conditioners, heaters, and fans.
• Close vents to ventilation systems.
• Write down the names of everyone in the room, and call the Building Coordinator to report who is in the room with you.

Section 3: Threat- and Hazard-Specific Annex

Section 3 of the campus PPMRR provides a goal statement and strategies for prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery actions for threats and hazards identified and assigned a Risk Priority rating in the Threat and Hazard Analysis.

While the threats and hazards found in this section of the PPMRR template may be the same as those identified by your campus Threat and Hazard Assessment, the strategies listed are not meant to be copied and pasted into any campus PPMRR guideline. Each campus will develop its own strategies based on its threat and hazard analysis. This PPMRR template does not specifically address the limitless, diverse threats that confront colleges and universities; instead, it provides general operating goals, and strategies for managing critical events before, during, and after they occur. Nothing in this guide shall limit the use of experience, good judgment, common sense, discretion, flexibility, and ingenuity to adapt to any type of critical event, emergency, and the complexities that exist under emergency conditions.

Cyber Attacks

Goals: To create strategies that ensure the campus can provide a secure open network that protects the integrity and confidentiality of information while maintaining its accessibility; to employ immediate strategies that block posing threats and update when necessary security systems and strategies.

Protection, Prevention, and Mitigation Strategies

Create a campus information technology security policy that holds each member of the campus community responsible for the security and protection of electronic information resources over which he or she has control. Create strategies to protect networks, computers, software, and data; unauthorized intrusions, malicious misuse, or inadvertent compromise. Monitor for areas of vulnerability 24/7. Develop a plan that addresses computer network systems backup both before, and during a critical event.

Response Strategies

Block computer(s) posing a threat from network access, make repairs to system as dictated by the invasion. Assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses particularly when Protected Personal Information may have been compromised.

Recovery Strategies

During the Recovery phase, the Communication and Information Technology Branch Director works to restore the campus communications and information technology systems to the pre-critical event status. If data was relocated to a remote server, the data is retrieved and an analysis should be run to detect deficiencies. Where necessary, the director oversees any repairs to the systems that are needed.

After the cyber event has concluded, install methods to elevate the security capabilities. It is imperative that the campus community know that the campus takes violations seriously and enforces its legal sanctions on violators, including expulsion if the violator was a student. Create a communication strategy that emphasizes a renewed commitment to protecting personal information from cyber threats. An After Action Report is written for actual events as well as for drills.

Bomb Threats

(Portions of the information contained below have been adapted from materials provided by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Bombing Prevention, Bomb Threat Call Procedures, and Bomb Prevention Training.)

Goals: Develop strategies to keep the campus community safe from acts of violence, in particular a bomb threat or incident to put steps in place to ensure that timely notice is made to the campus community; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

A bomb threat is defined as the communication through the use of written message, telephone call, e-mail, social media, or other instrument of commerce; the willful making of any threat; or the malicious conveyance of false information knowing the same to be false which concerns an attempt being made, or to be made; to kill, injure, intimidate any individual; or unlawfully to damage or destroy any building, vehicle, or other real or personal property by means of an explosive.

Protection, Prevention, and Mitigation Strategies

As a bomb threat call may be answered by anyone on campus, it is imperative to develop guidance with a script and a form with prompts and distribute it campus wide.

Sample Guidance for Receivers of Bomb Threats

• DO NOT use two-way radios or cellular phones; radio signals can cause a detonation.
• DO NOT evacuate the building until police arrive and evaluate the threat.
• DO NOT activate the fire alarm.
• DO NOT touch or move a suspicious package.
• Gain as much information as possible about the caller and the credibility of the threat.
• Use the Bomb Threat Report to guide conversations and record details for police.
• If you can, determine the location of the bomb and the time of detonation.
• If you have a digital phone, look for, and record the caller’s phone number.
• If possible, do not hang up the phone. Have a coworker call Public Safety at xxx-xxx-xxxx or 911. If you are alone, call immediately after hanging up.

Response Strategies

The receiver of the bomb threat message contacts Public Safety who then notifies 911 and initiates the Mass Notification System. Depending on the situation, the directive may be to stay clear, evacuate, or shelter-in-place.

Activate the EOC. All PPMRR team members if able to safely do so should go to the EOC, or contact the PPMRR team via phone/text to assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, and so on. Follow the directions of the Incident Commander.

Public Safety takes immediate actions to restrict access to the building or area of the campus and to coordinate internal and external response up to and including evacuation of area affected by the bomb threat. The Facilities Director will contact the applicable utilities for shut down of electric, gas, and water. Activate communication strategies to initiate Evacuation or Shelter-in-Place directives as is indicated by the location of the bomb. As necessary initiate the Accountability plan.

Recovery Strategies

Issue the “All Clear” when directed by the IC. The physical and emotional safety of the campus community is paramount. Provide access to counseling services for all persons affected by this incident. In the event that a bomb was detonated, then begins determining the extent of the damage and repairing or rebuilding the affected structures. Collect data to develop the After Action Report.

Death on the Campus of Student/Staff/Faculty

Goals: To provide guidelines to be followed immediately upon notification of the death of a student, staff, or faculty member; and action steps to follow during the days that follow.

Response Strategies

In the event of a death on campus of a student, staff, or faculty member, develop a strategy that directs an immediate notification call to be made to the Department of Public Safety. The Public Safety Director investigates the claim and calls 911. Public Safety takes immediate actions to restrict access to the room where the deceased is located to preserve any forensic evidence, in case it is needed. The Executive Policy Group with assistance from the Command Staff assesses the situation, and develops recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community as appropriate.

Contact with the parents or family members should take place only after it can be clearly demonstrated that the authorities have already done so. Develop a policy that states who shall contact the parents or family members of the deceased. Depending upon the circumstances and the category of the individual involved, it may be the President, the Provost, the Vice President for Student Affairs, or the Director of Human Resources.

Recovery Strategies

Develop a recovery strategy that might include the President writing to the campus community about the death. Depending on the situation, it may include information about funeral and viewing arrangements. Again, depending on the situation, the family may be invited to the come to the campus to meet with the President, or other administrators. If the campus chooses to host the family, designate someone who will make arrangements for overnight stays for the family and who will assist the family in removing belongings from rooms, offices, and so forth. In the case of a student death, consider tuition and fees refunds after a review by the Vice President of Student Affairs, in consultation with the Vice President for Finance/Treasurer. Remove the deceased person’s name from campus mailing database so the family does not receive any unsolicited mail. Before conducting a memorial service, or establishing a memorial scholarship, consult with the family. Provide access to counseling services for all persons affected by the incident and as appropriate write an incident and/or After Action Report.

Displaced Students

Goals: To prepare beforehand for an unexpected housing displacement of significant numbers of the campus community from on and off-campus residences due to a fire, building collapse, flood, fire, tornado, and so on; to respond in a timely manner to the displacements; and action steps for the days that follow.

Protection, Prevention, and Mitigation Strategies

Develop strategies to assist displaced students. This should include maintaining a database of short- and long-term housing options in the event that the campus housing becomes compromised. Include strategies for transporting students to and from the alternate housing locations to campus. Develop strategies to maintain contact with students in the event that a “Katrina-like” event should occur where no housing is available, nor is the campus open for an extended period of time.

Response Strategies

The PPMRR team assembles to assess the situation and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses to place students in safe and secure temporary housing and to provide board. If no housing options are available in on- or off-campus housing, call upon mutual aid resources such as hotels, motels, other colleges, or other housing options in the area. Contact the families of students to inform them of the occurrence.

Recovery Strategies

If personal property of an academic nature is destroyed, the campus may choose to make appropriate arrangements to replace those items. If personal property (clothes, toiletries, etc.) were destroyed, voluntary agencies such as Red Cross may be able to assist.

Develop contact strategies with displaced students to keep them abreast of any developments in restoring the on campus residence. Provide access to counseling services for all persons affected by this incident. Collect information and contribute to the writing of the After Action Report.

Extreme Weather Emergencies

Goals: To put strategies in place to reduce injuries, deaths, and facility damage that could occur as a result of an extreme weather emergency, such as an earthquake, hurricane, tornado, snow/ice, or any other severe weather situation; to put steps in place to ensure that timely notice is made to the campus community; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

Prevention, Protection, and Mitigation Strategies

As indicated in the Shelter-in-Place strategy, delegate the monitoring of the Emergency Alert System, and the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Alert System, as well as local news and weather stations, 24/7.

Develop a process to relay threats as determined by these monitoring agencies. To maintain a higher level of awareness for weather-related events, campuses may choose to participate in the Storm Ready Program for colleges and universities. Over 150 campuses nationwide are registered with this National Weather Service program, which is designed to help communities better prepare for and mitigate effects of extreme weather-related events. Information is available about this program at: http://www.stormready.noaa.gov/university.htm.

Other strategies that a campus may consider include installing safe rooms in school buildings, stocking sandbags for flood prevention and salt for snow and ice, inspecting and cleaning drains on a regular basis, elevating files and vulnerable equipment. Create messaging for faculty, staff, and students on methods for keeping safe during extreme weather events. Do not attempt to send students home ahead of storms; this may result in injury or death for which schools may be held liable.

Sample Student, Staff, and Faculty Guidelines for Earthquake and Tornado Safety

During an Earthquake or Tornado

• Immediately take cover; Drop, Cover, Go, and Hold On
  • DROP down on your knees and make yourself as small a target as possible.
  • COVER your head, neck, and face.
  • GO under a sturdy desk or table to protect your head and body.
  • HOLD ON to your cover.
• If you are indoors, stay there. Find an interior hallway or classroom/office without windows. Get under a desk or table. Stay clear of windows, bookcases, mirrors, and fireplaces. Move away from windows, tall shelves, or cabinets.
• Do not use elevators!
• If you are outside, get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls, and power lines.

After the Earthquake or Tornado

• Do not move seriously injured individuals unless they are in immediate danger.
• Call Public Safety if you suspect or know that someone is trapped in the building.
• Do not touch downed power lines or damaged building equipment.
• If building is damaged, evacuate, contact Public Safety. Do not re-enter damaged buildings.
• If you evacuate, post a message in clear view stating where you can be found.

Natural Gas Leak

If you smell the odor of gas, or if you discover a gas leak, leave the area immediately and contact Public Safety at xxx-xxx-xxxx or 911.

Response Strategies

Activate the EOC. All PPMRR team members if able to safely do so should go to the EOC, or contact the PPMRR team via phone/text to assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, and so forth. Follow the directions of the Incident Commander.

Timely Notice: For imminent danger, any member of the PPMRR team can initiate a message through the Mass Notification System. For notice events, prepare messaging in advance and distribute to the campus community as appropriate. Strategies might include providing a dedicated phone number for telephone inquiries from parents and the media and changing the Safety Hotline recording to indicate the campus situation and status.

The Facilities Department directives should include taking immediate action to control the infiltration of water into buildings to prevent damage to property and ensure the safety of occupants. Actions could include the following:

• Close all windows and doors
• Control and capture water entering a building
• Turn off appropriate circuit breakers if water appears to be infiltrating electrical devices
• Take appropriate action to remove water from all areas
• Assess damage and submit reports to campus insurance representative

Recovery Strategies

As the event concludes, update the campus community via the Mass Notification System. Encourage students, staff, and faculty to call their families to let them know their status. This will help to minimize overload of the campus telephone system with incoming calls. Public Safety strategies should include responding to calls from injured and blocking off damaged areas to keep people away from hazards.

The facilities staff checklist should include check buildings for cracks and damage, check for gas and water leaks, broken electrical wiring, and broken sewage lines. Determine whether buildings are safe to return to; whether classes can be resumed in such and/or students can continue to reside in residence halls. If buildings are compromised, recovery strategies should include developing relocation plans for classes as well as for housing. Short- and long-term plans may include restoring facilities to pre-disaster functionality as well as upgrading buildings, where necessary, to current codes and standards.

For extreme weather events that cause extensive damage and/or deaths, consider providing access to counseling services. Collect information and contribute to the writing of the After Action Report.

Fires

Goals: To put strategies in place to reduce and/or eliminate fires on campus; to put steps in place to ensure that timely notice is made to the campus community; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

Prevention, Protection, and Mitigation Strategies

Develop campus-wide fire prevention programs. This may include fire safety in the dorms for students, the use of storing combustible materials in fireproof containers, as well as fire safety for kitchen staff. Consider adding YouTube videos: Graduation Fatally Denied and/or 9 Fires Documentary, which detail fire events at colleges across the United States. Use the website: www.CampusFireWatch.com, as a resource to develop effective campus prevention program.

Provide training for faculty staff and students that includes:

• How to call for assistance in the event of fire
• How to contain a fire
• How to use a fire extinguisher for small fires
• Following evacuation routes and meeting places
• Evacuating safely in a fire
• Student, staff, faculty accountability

Consider installing a sprinkler system throughout the campus.

Response Strategies

Ensure that guidelines are in place for notification of local fire and police departments, and ambulances as needed. Provide assistance in guiding local emergency responders to the building(s) on fire. Direct the fire chief to the EOC. Public Safety takes immediate actions to restrict access to the building or area of the campus and to coordinate internal and external response up to and including evacuation of area(s) affected by the fire.

Activate the EOC. All PPMRR team members if able to safely do so should go to the EOC, or contact the PPMRR team via phone/text to assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, and so on. Activate communication strategies to initiate campus closures, evacuation, or shelter-in-place and accountability directives as is indicated by the location, magnitude, and duration of the fire.

Recovery Strategies

Public Safety strategies should include responding to calls from the injured and blocking off damaged areas to keep people away from hazards. For fire events that cause extensive damage and/or deaths, consider providing access to counseling services. As the event concludes, update the campus community via the Mass Notification System. Encourage students, staff, and faculty to call their families to let them know their status. This will help to minimize overload of the campus telephone system with incoming calls.

The facilities staff determines whether buildings are safe to return to; whether classes can be resumed in such and/or students can continue to reside in residence halls. If buildings are compromised, recovery strategies should include developing relocation plans for classes as well as for housing. Short- and long-term plans may include restoring facilities to pre-disaster functionality as well as upgrading buildings, where necessary, to current codes and standards.

Manage arrangements pertaining to the death or injury of faculty or staff. As needed, activate strategies for displaced students. Collect information and contribute to the writing of the After Action Report.

Hate Crimes

Goals: To promote an environment where crimes motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice, are not tolerated; and to put actions in place to quickly respond should such a crime occur.

Prevention, Protection, and Mitigation Strategies

Establish violence prevention measures, support systems, resources, and strategies through the integration of campus policies and procedures regarding crimes motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice.

Response Strategies

Develop a strategy such as this: If the incident is reported directly to Public Safety, then the responding officer takes a verbal or written report from the complaining party including contact information: address and/or telephone number of complaining party. If the incident is reported to another campus department, Public Safety should be notified as soon as possible for action.

Public Safety will gather and/or document all available evidence. Public Safety contacts the VP of Student Affairs or the Human Resources Director. The VP of Student Affairs or the Director of Human Resources will make immediate contact by phone or in person with the individual reporting the incident. During this contact, the VP of Student Affairs or the Human Resources Director will seek to arrange a meeting with the reporting individual and will offer counseling via the Counseling Center or through a referral to other qualified resources both on and off campus. Every attempt will be made to assist in resolving concerns faced as a result of having been a victim of such hate crimes. The VP of Student Affairs or the Human Resources Director will meet with the complaining party as soon as possible to address concerns. Reports will be kept anonymous unless the complaining party or witness wishes to have her/his name used. The VP of Student Affairs or the Human Resources Director will be authorized to call in all other offices (e.g., Network Resources, Public Safety, etc.) as needed to review events and investigate circumstances. The VP of Student Affairs or the Human Resources Director should maintain ongoing contact with the complaining party to indicate what steps have been taken and/or what has been learned about the possible perpetrator.

Recovery Strategies

The strategy is to provide access to counseling services for all persons affected by this incident and to provide training of employees and students with regard to nondiscrimination. In doing so creates a positive messaging campaign. It is also recommended that a Behavior Intervention Team be created in order to review incidents and/or behaviors involving employees, students, or visitors with regard to potential threats of violence or harm. Collect information and contribute to the writing of the After Action Report.

Hazardous Materials Release

Goals: To provide strategies in the event an on-campus chemical spill threatens the health and safety of the campus community; to put steps in place to ensure that timely notice is made to the campus community; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

Protection, Prevention, and Mitigation Strategies

Identify and create a database of all areas of the campus where chemicals are located that could create a physical hazard (a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, an unstable, reactive, or water-reactive chemical). Obtain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for all hazardous chemicals used across the campus. Institute training programs for safe use and storage of hazardous chemicals for all employees who use such chemicals and ensure warning labels are prominently displayed on the hazardous chemical containers.

Response Strategies

Any hazardous spill must be reported immediately to Public Safety. For imminent danger, any member of the campus community can initiate an evacuation of a building by pulling a fire alarm. Public Safety will respond, call 911 and the PPMRR team. PPMRR team will check into the EOC, or contact PPMRR team via phone/text to assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, and so on. For toxic releases, all fans, heating, and air conditioning systems must be shutoff.

Recovery

Collect information and contribute to the writing of the After Action Report.

Missing Persons

Goals: To provide safety training for students; training for timely notice actions; training protocol for all when an enrolled student, who resides in campus housing has been deemed missing for at least 24 hours; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

Protection, Prevention, and Mitigation Strategies

Create Public Safety seminars for students on staying safe in a campus environment. Provide training for faculty, staff, and students to notify Public Safety if a residential student has been missing for more than 24 hours. Encourage all students to register a confidential contact (an individual who will be contacted by police in the event that the student is reported missing) with Public Safety.

Response

Develop a response strategy such as reporting the missing person claim to Public Safety. Public Safety is responsible for checking the resident’s room, the resident’s class schedule, locating the resident’s vehicle, calling the resident’s cell phone, and contacting the resident’s friends and/or roommate. After investigating a missing person report and the Public Safety Director determines that the student has been missing for 24 hours, Public Safety will

• Notify the individual identified by the student as the missing person’s contact.
• If the student is under 18 years old, the college will notify a parent or guardian.
• If the student is over 18 and has not identified a person to be contacted, Public Safety will notify appropriate law enforcement officials.

Recovery

Develop Recovery strategies for when a student is located, Public Safety will notify the PPMRR team. If the student is not found, the PPMRR will meet to make decisions regarding the student. Actions could include

• Informing the campus community about the missing student.
• Make arrangements for the family to come to campus to meet the (President, Provost, Vice President for Student Affairs) and other individuals (groups) requested by the family.
• Assist the family in removing belongings from the residence hall.
• Make decisions regarding refunding of tuition in consultation with the Vice President for Finance/Treasurer.
• Notify registrar.
• Remove the student’s name from the campus mailing database so the family does not receive any unsolicited mail.
• Provide grief counseling for the campus community through the Counseling Center.

Pandemic/Ebola or Other Public Health Emergency

Goals: To provide strategies for staff and faculty before an event occurs; to provide guidelines to be followed in response to confirmed or alleged cases of communicable diseases such as pandemic flu or Ebola virus contracted by a member of the campus community when the disease poses a threat to the campus community; to provide appropriate aftercare to the campus community.

Protection, Prevention, and Mitigation Strategies

Provide training for the PPMRR team to define roles and responsibilities should there be a pandemic health event affecting the operation of the campus. Devise measures to ensure that key staff will be able to execute key functions such as continuation of classes, facilities operation, payroll, and public safety. Consult with local health-care authorities for guidance in preparing for the execution of infection control measures. Provide training to the campus community regarding health and safety precautionary measures.

Devise strategies for alternative procedures to assure continuity of instruction (e.g., web-based distance instruction, telephone trees, mailed lessons and assignments, instruction via local radio or television stations) in the event of campus closure. Develop policies for employee and student sick leave absences unique to highly contagious communicable pandemic influenza, or Ebola virus (e.g., nonpunitive, liberal leave). Establish policies that address faculty, staff, and students suspected to be ill or who become ill on campus.

Response

Activate the EOC. The PPMRR team assembles to assess the situation, and develop recommendations for short- and long-term responses including making notifications to the campus community as appropriate; cancellation of classes, relocating classes, use of sick/vacation time by faculty and staff, modifying campus policies to accommodate the communicable disease event. Strategies are implemented for continuation of education with alternative methods. Activate policies for employee and student sick leave absences unique to highly contagious communicable pandemic influenza, or Ebola virus (e.g., nonpunitive, liberal leave). Activate policies that address faculty, staff, and students suspected to be ill or who become ill on campus. Continue to seek guidance from local health-care authorities for the execution of infection control measures, reporting information about ill students and employees, and provision of healthcare. Respond to media inquiries and make all public comments via the PIO in consultation with the PPMRR team and the Department of Health or other medical consultants.

Recovery

Institute procedures for previously ill faculty, staff, and students to return to campus. Restore and/or modify the campus academic schedule as needed. Provide information and assistance to the Department of Health as requested.

References

Department of Homeland Security. Bomb threat call procedures. Retrieved from http://emilms.fema.gov/is906/assets/ocso-bomb_threat_samepage-brochure.pdf

Department of Homeland Security. Bomb prevention training. Retrieved from http://www.dhs.gov/bombing-prevention-training

National Preparedness Directorate (NPD). Retrieved from http:www.training.fema.gov

Nine Fires. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ketJsMBeB1M

U.S. Department of Education. (2013). Guide for developing high-quality emergency operations plans for Institutions of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/33597