Profiling is another technique that is used to understand how the application behaves. In software engineering, profiling is a form of dynamic program analysis that measures various run-time performance parameters such as memory utilization, timing, control flow, and more.

Profiling is used to determine the time spent on each function when the application is running. Profiling tools gather runtime information and record resource utilization including memory, CPU usage, the time spent on functions, and so on. Profiling helps identify problems and looks at the code again to reevaluate the choice of data structures used to optimize for better application performance.

Different tools are available for profiling. Tools such as jvisualvm, jstat, JMC, JProfiler, and so on can be used for profiling applications.