Tuning your system's performance
by Uday R. Sawant, William Leemans, Jonathan Hobson, Oliver Pelz
Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Table of Contents
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Credits
- Preface
- 1. Module 1
- 1. Managing Users and Groups
- 2. Networking
- Introduction
- Connecting to a network with a static IP
- Installing the DHCP server
- Installing the DNS server
- Hiding behind the proxy with squid
- Being on time with NTP
- Discussing load balancing with HAProxy
- Tuning the TCP stack
- Troubleshooting network connectivity
- Securing remote access with OpenVPN
- Securing a network with uncomplicated firewall
- Securing against brute force attacks
- Discussing Ubuntu security best practices
- 3. Working with Web Servers
- Introduction
- Installing and configuring the Apache web server
- Serving dynamic contents with PHP
- Hosting multiple websites with a virtual domain
- Securing web traffic with HTTPS
- Installing Nginx with PHP_FPM
- Setting Nginx as a reverse proxy
- Load balancing with Nginx
- Setting HTTPs on Nginx
- Benchmarking and performance tuning of Apache
- Securing the web server
- Troubleshooting the web server
- 4. Working with Mail Servers
- 5. Handling Databases
- Introduction
- Installing relational databases with MySQL
- Storing and retrieving data with MySQL
- Importing and exporting bulk data
- Adding users and assigning access rights
- Installing web access for MySQL
- Setting backups
- Optimizing MySQL performance – queries
- Optimizing MySQL performance – configuration
- Creating MySQL replicas for scaling and high availability
- Troubleshooting MySQL
- Installing MongoDB
- Storing and retrieving data with MongoDB
- 6. Network Storage
- 7. Cloud Computing
- 8. Working with Containers
- Introduction
- Installing LXD, the Linux container daemon
- Deploying your first container with LXD
- Managing LXD containers
- Managing LXD containers – advanced options
- Setting resource limits on LXD containers
- Networking with LXD
- Installing Docker
- Starting and managing Docker containers
- Creating images with a Dockerfile
- Understanding Docker volumes
- Deploying WordPress using a Docker network
- Monitoring Docker containers
- Securing Docker containers
- 9. Streaming with Ampache
- 10. Communication Server with XMPP
- 11. Git Hosting
- Introduction
- Installing Git
- Creating a local repository with Git CLI
- Storing file revisions with Git commit
- Synchronizing the repository with a remote server
- Receiving updates with Git pull
- Creating repository clones
- Installing GitLab, your own Git hosting
- Adding users to the GitLab server
- Creating a repository with GitLab
- Automating common tasks with Git hooks
- 12. Collaboration Tools
- 13. Performance Monitoring
- 14. Centralized Authentication Service
- 2. Module 2
- 1. Installing CentOS
- Introduction
- Downloading CentOS and confirming the checksum on Windows or OS X
- Creating USB installation media on Windows or OS X
- Performing an installation of CentOS using the graphical installer
- Running a netinstall over HTTP
- Installing CentOS 7 using a kickstart file
- Getting started and customising the boot loader
- Troubleshooting the system in rescue mode
- Updating the installation and enhancing the minimal install with additional administration and development tools
- 2. Configuring the System
- Introduction
- Navigating text files with less
- Introduction to Vim
- Speaking the right language
- Synchronizing the system clock with NTP and the chrony suite
- Setting your hostname and resolving the network
- Building a static network connection
- Becoming a superuser
- Customizing your system banners and messages
- Priming the kernel
- 3. Managing the System
- Introduction
- Knowing and managing your background services
- Troubleshooting background services
- Tracking system resources with journald
- Configuring journald to make it persistent
- Managing users and their groups
- Scheduling tasks with cron
- Synchronizing files and doing more with rsync
- Maintaining backups and taking snapshots
- Monitoring important server infrastructure
- Taking control with GIT and Subversion
- 4. Managing Packages with YUM
- 5. Administering the Filesystem
- 6. Providing Security
- 7. Building a Network
- 8. Working with FTP
- 9. Working with Domains
- 10. Working with Databases
- 11. Providing Mail Services
- 12. Providing Web Services
- 13. Operating System-Level Virtualization
- 14. Working with SELinux
- 15. Monitoring IT Infrastructure
- 1. Installing CentOS
- 3. Module 3
- 1. Working with KVM Guests
- 2. Deploying RHEL "En Masse"
- 3. Configuring Your Network
- 4. Configuring Your New System
- 5. Using SELinux
- 6. Orchestrating with Ansible
- 7. Puppet Configuration Management
- 8. Yum and Repositories
- 9. Securing RHEL 7
- 10. Monitoring and Performance Tuning
- Bibliography
- Index
Companies buy the best hardware their money can get, and they want to use everything optimally. However, it's not just the hardware that makes your applications run faster. Your OS will also behave differently under specific circumstances.
Tuned is a set of tools and a daemon that tunes your system's settings automatically depending on its usage. It periodically collects data from its components through plugins, which it uses to change system settings according to the current usage.
In this recipe, we'll ask tuned which profile to use and apply it through the following steps:
- First, run the following command to install the required packages:
~]# yum install -y tuned - Enable and start tuned by executing the following commands:
~]# systemctl enable tuned ~]# systemctl restart tuned
- Have tuned guess the profile to be used via the following:
~]# tuned-adm recommend virtual-guest
- Finally, apply the recommended profile to tuned, as follows:
~]# tuned-adm profile virtual-guest
You can find the system's tuned profiles used in /lib/tuned/. When you create your own, create them in /etc/tuned in the same way as they are organized in /lib/tuned. I do not recommend creating new profiles in /etc/tuned with the same name as in /lib/tuned, but if you do, the one in the /etc/tuned directory will be used. It is better to create a new one with a different name, including the one you want to modify, and then make the necessary changes in your new profile.
Every profile has a directory, which contains a set of files controlling the behavior of your system. If you explore the tuned.conf files in these directories, you will see that these files define the exact settings that other tools (such as cpufreq) need to be configured on and that some profiles include other profiles. For instance, if you create a profile for, say, a laptop that is a little better on the battery by applying the powersave CPU governor, you could create a new file located at /etc/tuned/laptop/tuned.conf containing the following:
# # laptop tuned configuration # [main] include=desktop [cpu] replace=1 governor=powersave
When you know the bottlenecks of your systems, you can find out how to mitigate them by configuring your system in a specific way. Tuned can come in handy to create and apply profiles based on the performance monitoring of your components.
For more information about tuning your system, refer to the Red Hat Performance Tuning guide at https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Performance_Tuning_Guide/index.html.
Check out the man pages of tuned (8), tuned-adm (8), tuned-main.conf (5), and tuned.conf (5) for more information.
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