Deploying a system using a custom boot ISO file
by Uday R. Sawant, William Leemans, Jonathan Hobson, Oliver Pelz
Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Table of Contents
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Credits
- Preface
- 1. Module 1
- 1. Managing Users and Groups
- 2. Networking
- Introduction
- Connecting to a network with a static IP
- Installing the DHCP server
- Installing the DNS server
- Hiding behind the proxy with squid
- Being on time with NTP
- Discussing load balancing with HAProxy
- Tuning the TCP stack
- Troubleshooting network connectivity
- Securing remote access with OpenVPN
- Securing a network with uncomplicated firewall
- Securing against brute force attacks
- Discussing Ubuntu security best practices
- 3. Working with Web Servers
- Introduction
- Installing and configuring the Apache web server
- Serving dynamic contents with PHP
- Hosting multiple websites with a virtual domain
- Securing web traffic with HTTPS
- Installing Nginx with PHP_FPM
- Setting Nginx as a reverse proxy
- Load balancing with Nginx
- Setting HTTPs on Nginx
- Benchmarking and performance tuning of Apache
- Securing the web server
- Troubleshooting the web server
- 4. Working with Mail Servers
- 5. Handling Databases
- Introduction
- Installing relational databases with MySQL
- Storing and retrieving data with MySQL
- Importing and exporting bulk data
- Adding users and assigning access rights
- Installing web access for MySQL
- Setting backups
- Optimizing MySQL performance – queries
- Optimizing MySQL performance – configuration
- Creating MySQL replicas for scaling and high availability
- Troubleshooting MySQL
- Installing MongoDB
- Storing and retrieving data with MongoDB
- 6. Network Storage
- 7. Cloud Computing
- 8. Working with Containers
- Introduction
- Installing LXD, the Linux container daemon
- Deploying your first container with LXD
- Managing LXD containers
- Managing LXD containers – advanced options
- Setting resource limits on LXD containers
- Networking with LXD
- Installing Docker
- Starting and managing Docker containers
- Creating images with a Dockerfile
- Understanding Docker volumes
- Deploying WordPress using a Docker network
- Monitoring Docker containers
- Securing Docker containers
- 9. Streaming with Ampache
- 10. Communication Server with XMPP
- 11. Git Hosting
- Introduction
- Installing Git
- Creating a local repository with Git CLI
- Storing file revisions with Git commit
- Synchronizing the repository with a remote server
- Receiving updates with Git pull
- Creating repository clones
- Installing GitLab, your own Git hosting
- Adding users to the GitLab server
- Creating a repository with GitLab
- Automating common tasks with Git hooks
- 12. Collaboration Tools
- 13. Performance Monitoring
- 14. Centralized Authentication Service
- 2. Module 2
- 1. Installing CentOS
- Introduction
- Downloading CentOS and confirming the checksum on Windows or OS X
- Creating USB installation media on Windows or OS X
- Performing an installation of CentOS using the graphical installer
- Running a netinstall over HTTP
- Installing CentOS 7 using a kickstart file
- Getting started and customising the boot loader
- Troubleshooting the system in rescue mode
- Updating the installation and enhancing the minimal install with additional administration and development tools
- 2. Configuring the System
- Introduction
- Navigating text files with less
- Introduction to Vim
- Speaking the right language
- Synchronizing the system clock with NTP and the chrony suite
- Setting your hostname and resolving the network
- Building a static network connection
- Becoming a superuser
- Customizing your system banners and messages
- Priming the kernel
- 3. Managing the System
- Introduction
- Knowing and managing your background services
- Troubleshooting background services
- Tracking system resources with journald
- Configuring journald to make it persistent
- Managing users and their groups
- Scheduling tasks with cron
- Synchronizing files and doing more with rsync
- Maintaining backups and taking snapshots
- Monitoring important server infrastructure
- Taking control with GIT and Subversion
- 4. Managing Packages with YUM
- 5. Administering the Filesystem
- 6. Providing Security
- 7. Building a Network
- 8. Working with FTP
- 9. Working with Domains
- 10. Working with Databases
- 11. Providing Mail Services
- 12. Providing Web Services
- 13. Operating System-Level Virtualization
- 14. Working with SELinux
- 15. Monitoring IT Infrastructure
- 1. Installing CentOS
- 3. Module 3
- 1. Working with KVM Guests
- 2. Deploying RHEL "En Masse"
- 3. Configuring Your Network
- 4. Configuring Your New System
- 5. Using SELinux
- 6. Orchestrating with Ansible
- 7. Puppet Configuration Management
- 8. Yum and Repositories
- 9. Securing RHEL 7
- 10. Monitoring and Performance Tuning
- Bibliography
- Index
PXE is a widely used way to deploy systems, and so are ISO's. PXE may not always be at hand because of security, hardware availability, and so on.
Many hardware manufacturers provide remote access to their systems without an OS installed. HP has iLO, while Dell has RIB. The advantage of these "remote" control solutions is that they also allow you to mount "virtual" media in the form of an ISO.
Red Hat provides boot media as ISO images, which you can use to boot your systems from. We will create a custom ISO image, which will allow us to boot a system in a similar way.
Let's create an ISO that you can mount as virtual media, write a CD-ROM, or even use dd to write the contents on a USB stick/disk through the following steps:
- Install the required packages to create ISO9660 images, as follows:
~]# yum install -y genisoimage - Mount the RHEL 7 DVD's ISO image by executing the following command:
~]# mount -o loop /path/to/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt - Copy the required files for the custom ISO from the RHEL 7 media via the following commands:
~]# mkdir -p /root/iso ~]# cp -r /mnt/isolinux /root/iso ~]# umount /mnt
- Now, unmount the RHEL 7 DVD's ISO image by running the following:
~]# umount /mnt - Next, remove the
isolinux.cfgfile using the following command:~]# rm -f /root/iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg - Create a new
isolinux.cfgfile, as follows:default vesamenu.c32 timeout 600 display boot.msg menu clear menu background splash.png menu title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 menu vshift 8 menu rows 18 menu margin 8 menu helpmsgrow 15 menu tabmsgrow 13 menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none menu color title 0 #ffcc000000 #00000000 none menu color tabmsg 0 #84cc0000 #00000000 none menu color hotsel 0 #84cc0000 #00000000 none menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none label linux menu label ^Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://kickstart.critter.be/kickstart.ks text label local menu label Boot from ^local drive localboot 0xffff menu end
- Now, create the ISO by executing the following command:
~]# cd /root/iso ~/iso]# mkisofs -o ../boot.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -J -r .
More information on the options used with the
mkisofscommand can be found in the man pages for mkisofs(1).The following image shows the progress on creating a custom ISO:
- Then, use the ISO to install a guest on a KVM server, as shown in the following commands:
~]# virsh vol-create-as --pool localfs-vm --name rhel7_guest-da.qcows2 --format qcows2 –capacity 10G ~]# virt-install --hvm --name rhel7_guest –-memory 2G,maxmemory=4G --vcpus 2,max=4 --os-type linux --os-variant rhel7 --boot hd,cdrom,network,menu=on --controller type=scsi,model=virtio-scsi --disk device=cdrom,vol=iso/boot.iso,readonly=on,bus=scsi --disk device=disk,vol=localfs-vm/rhel7_guest-vda.qcow2,cache=none,bus=scsi --network network=bridge-eth0,model=virtio --graphics vnc --graphics spice --noautoconsole --memballoon virtio
The following screenshot shows the console when booted with the custom ISO image:
Using the RHEL 7 installation media, we created a new boot ISO that allows us to install a new system. The ISO can be used to either burn a CD, with the dd tool to be copied on a USB stick, or to mount as virtual media. The way to mount this ISO as virtual media is different on each hardware platform, so this recipe shows you how to install it using KVM.
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