Monitoring Docker containers
by Uday R. Sawant, William Leemans, Jonathan Hobson, Oliver Pelz
Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Table of Contents
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Linux: Powerful Server Administration
- Credits
- Preface
- 1. Module 1
- 1. Managing Users and Groups
- 2. Networking
- Introduction
- Connecting to a network with a static IP
- Installing the DHCP server
- Installing the DNS server
- Hiding behind the proxy with squid
- Being on time with NTP
- Discussing load balancing with HAProxy
- Tuning the TCP stack
- Troubleshooting network connectivity
- Securing remote access with OpenVPN
- Securing a network with uncomplicated firewall
- Securing against brute force attacks
- Discussing Ubuntu security best practices
- 3. Working with Web Servers
- Introduction
- Installing and configuring the Apache web server
- Serving dynamic contents with PHP
- Hosting multiple websites with a virtual domain
- Securing web traffic with HTTPS
- Installing Nginx with PHP_FPM
- Setting Nginx as a reverse proxy
- Load balancing with Nginx
- Setting HTTPs on Nginx
- Benchmarking and performance tuning of Apache
- Securing the web server
- Troubleshooting the web server
- 4. Working with Mail Servers
- 5. Handling Databases
- Introduction
- Installing relational databases with MySQL
- Storing and retrieving data with MySQL
- Importing and exporting bulk data
- Adding users and assigning access rights
- Installing web access for MySQL
- Setting backups
- Optimizing MySQL performance – queries
- Optimizing MySQL performance – configuration
- Creating MySQL replicas for scaling and high availability
- Troubleshooting MySQL
- Installing MongoDB
- Storing and retrieving data with MongoDB
- 6. Network Storage
- 7. Cloud Computing
- 8. Working with Containers
- Introduction
- Installing LXD, the Linux container daemon
- Deploying your first container with LXD
- Managing LXD containers
- Managing LXD containers – advanced options
- Setting resource limits on LXD containers
- Networking with LXD
- Installing Docker
- Starting and managing Docker containers
- Creating images with a Dockerfile
- Understanding Docker volumes
- Deploying WordPress using a Docker network
- Monitoring Docker containers
- Securing Docker containers
- 9. Streaming with Ampache
- 10. Communication Server with XMPP
- 11. Git Hosting
- Introduction
- Installing Git
- Creating a local repository with Git CLI
- Storing file revisions with Git commit
- Synchronizing the repository with a remote server
- Receiving updates with Git pull
- Creating repository clones
- Installing GitLab, your own Git hosting
- Adding users to the GitLab server
- Creating a repository with GitLab
- Automating common tasks with Git hooks
- 12. Collaboration Tools
- 13. Performance Monitoring
- 14. Centralized Authentication Service
- 2. Module 2
- 1. Installing CentOS
- Introduction
- Downloading CentOS and confirming the checksum on Windows or OS X
- Creating USB installation media on Windows or OS X
- Performing an installation of CentOS using the graphical installer
- Running a netinstall over HTTP
- Installing CentOS 7 using a kickstart file
- Getting started and customising the boot loader
- Troubleshooting the system in rescue mode
- Updating the installation and enhancing the minimal install with additional administration and development tools
- 2. Configuring the System
- Introduction
- Navigating text files with less
- Introduction to Vim
- Speaking the right language
- Synchronizing the system clock with NTP and the chrony suite
- Setting your hostname and resolving the network
- Building a static network connection
- Becoming a superuser
- Customizing your system banners and messages
- Priming the kernel
- 3. Managing the System
- Introduction
- Knowing and managing your background services
- Troubleshooting background services
- Tracking system resources with journald
- Configuring journald to make it persistent
- Managing users and their groups
- Scheduling tasks with cron
- Synchronizing files and doing more with rsync
- Maintaining backups and taking snapshots
- Monitoring important server infrastructure
- Taking control with GIT and Subversion
- 4. Managing Packages with YUM
- 5. Administering the Filesystem
- 6. Providing Security
- 7. Building a Network
- 8. Working with FTP
- 9. Working with Domains
- 10. Working with Databases
- 11. Providing Mail Services
- 12. Providing Web Services
- 13. Operating System-Level Virtualization
- 14. Working with SELinux
- 15. Monitoring IT Infrastructure
- 1. Installing CentOS
- 3. Module 3
- 1. Working with KVM Guests
- 2. Deploying RHEL "En Masse"
- 3. Configuring Your Network
- 4. Configuring Your New System
- 5. Using SELinux
- 6. Orchestrating with Ansible
- 7. Puppet Configuration Management
- 8. Yum and Repositories
- 9. Securing RHEL 7
- 10. Monitoring and Performance Tuning
- Bibliography
- Index
In this recipe, we will learn to monitor Docker containers.
Docker provides inbuilt monitoring with the docker stats command, which can be used to get a live stream of the resource utilization of Docker containers.
- To monitor multiple containers at once using their respective IDs or names, use this command:
$ docker stats mysql f9617f4b716c
- With
docker logs, you can fetch logs of your application running inside a container. This can be used similarly to thetail -fcommand:$ docker logs -f ubuntu - Docker also records state change events from containers. These events include start, stop, create, kill, and so on. You can get real-time events with
docker events:$ docker eventsTo get past events, use the
--sinceflag withdocker events:$ docker events --since '2015-11-01' - You can also check the changes in the container filesystem with the
docker diffcommand. This will list newly added (A), changed (C), or deleted (D) files.$ docker diff ubuntu - Another useful command is
docker top, which helps look inside a container. This commands displays the processes running inside a container:$ docker top ubuntu
Docker provides various inbuilt commands to monitor containers and the processes running inside them. It uses native system constructs such as namespaces and cgroups. Most of these statistics are collected from the native system. Logs are directly collected from running processes.
Need something more, possibly a tool with graphical output? There are various such tools available. One well-known tool is cAdvisor by Google. You can run the tool itself as a Docker container, as follows:
docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name cadvisor --volume=/:/rootfs:ro --volume=/var/run:/var/run:rw --volume=/sys:/sys:ro --volume=/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro google/cadvisor:latest
Once the container has been started, you can access the UI at your server domain or IP on port 8080 or any other port that you use. cAdvisor is able to monitor both LXC and Docker containers. In addition, it can report host system resources.
Various external tools are available that provide monitoring and troubleshooting services. Sysdig is a similar command-line tool that can be used to monitor Linux systems and containers. Read some examples of using sysdig at https://github.com/draios/sysdig/wiki/Sysdig%20Examples.
Also, check out Sysdig Falco, an open source behavioral monitor with container support.
- Docker runtime metrics at http://docs.docker.com/v1.8/articles/runmetrics/
- cAdvisor at GitHub: https://github.com/google/cadvisor
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