Contents

About the Authors

About the Technical Reviewer

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter 1: Getting Started

1-1. Connecting Securely to a Remote Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

1-2. Logging on Remotely via the Command Line

Problem

Solution

How It Works

1-3. Logging off the Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

1-4. Running a Command

Problem

Solution

How It Works

1-5. Getting Help

Problem

Solution

How It Works

1-6. Correcting Command-Line Mistakes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

1-7. Clearing the Screen

Problem

Solution

How It Works

1-8. Resetting the Screen

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 2: Working in the Shell

2-1. Displaying the Current Shell

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-2. Running Previously Entered Commands

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-3. Automatically Completing Long Commands

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-4. Viewing Environment Variables

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-5. Automatically Setting Shell Variables

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-6. Customizing the Command Prompt

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-7. Creating a Command Shortcut

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-8. Providing Input to Commands

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-9. Redirecting Command Output

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-10. Sending Output to Nowhere

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-11. Displaying and Capturing Command Output

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-12. Recording All Shell Command Output

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-13. Changing the Login Shell

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-14. Modifying Command Path Search

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-15. Viewing Built-in Commands

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-16. Setting the Backspace Key

Problem

Solution

How It Works

2-17. Typing a Long Command in Multiple Lines

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 3: Managing Processes and Users

3-1. Listing Processes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-2. Terminating Processes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-3. Listing the Users Logged On

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-4. Listing the Last Logon Time of a User

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-5. Limiting the Number of User Processes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-6. Viewing How Long the Server Has Been Running

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-7. Viewing How Long a Process Has Been Running

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-8. Displaying Your Username

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-9. Changing Your Password

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-10. Becoming the System Privileged (root) User

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-11. Running Commands as the root User

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-12. Adding a Group

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-13. Removing a Group

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-14. Adding a User

Problem

Solution

How It Works

3-15. Removing a User

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 4: Creating and Editing Files

4-1. Creating a File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-2. Maneuvering Within a File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-3. Copying and Pasting

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-4. Manipulating Text

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-5. Searching for and Replacing Text

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-6. Inserting One File into Another

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-7. Joining Lines

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-8. Running Operating System Commands

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-9. Repeating a Command

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-10. Undoing a Command

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-11. Displaying Line Numbers

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-12. Automatically Configuring Settings

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-13. Creating Shortcuts for Commands

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-14. Setting the Shell Default Text Editor

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-15. Setting the SQL*Plus Text Editor

Problem

Solution

How It Works

4-16. Toggling Syntax Text Color

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 5: Managing Files and Directories

5-1. Showing the Current Working Directory

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-2. Changing Directories

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-3. Creating a Directory

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-4. Viewing a List of Directories

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-5. Removing a Directory

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-6. Listing Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-7. Creating a File Quickly

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-8. Changing File Permissions

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-9. Changing File Ownership and Group Membership

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-10. Viewing the Contents of a Text File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-11. Viewing Nonprinting Characters in a File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-12. Viewing Hidden Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-13. Determining File Type

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-14. Finding Differences Between Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-15. Comparing Contents of Directories

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-16. Copying Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-17. Copying Directories

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-18. Moving Files and Directories

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-19. Renaming a File or Directory

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-20. Removing a File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-21. Removing Protected Files Without Being Prompted

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-22. Removing Oddly Named Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-23. Finding Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-24. Finding Strings in Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-25. Finding a Recently Modified File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-26. Finding and Removing Old Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-27. Finding the Largest Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-28. Finding a File of a Certain Size

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-29. Sorting Files by Size

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-30. Finding the Largest Space-Consuming Directories

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-31. Truncating an Operating System File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-32. Counting Lines and Words in a File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-33. Creating a Second Name for a File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-34. Creating a Second Name for a Directory

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-35. Viewing a Large File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

5-36. Downloading Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 6: Archiving and Compressing Files

6-1. Bundling Files Using tar

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-2. Unbundling Files Using tar

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-3. Finding Differences in Bundled Files Using tar

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-4. Bundling Files Using cpio

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-5. Unbundling Files Using cpio

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-6. Bundling Files Using zip

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-7. Unbundling Files Using zip

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-8. Bundling Files Using find

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-9. Compressing and Uncompressing Files

Problem

Solution

How It Works

6-10. Validating File Contents

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 7: Shell Scripting

7-1. Writing a Simple Shell Script

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-2. Checking Simple Conditions

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-3. Testing a Condition

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-4. Checking Complex Conditions

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-5. Repeating a Task

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-6. Iterating Until a Condition Is Met

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-7. Displaying a Menu of Choices

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-8. Running Commands Based on Success/Failure of the Previous Command

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-9. Modularizing Scripts

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-10. Passing Parameters to Scripts

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-11. Processing Parameters

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-12. Running Database Commands in Scripts

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-13. Crafting a Robust DBA Shell Script

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-14. Running Scripts in the Background

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-15. Monitoring the Progress of a Script

Problem

Solution

How It Works

7-16. Debugging a Script

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 8: Analyzing Server Performance

8-1. Identifying System Bottlenecks

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-2. Analyzing Current and Past System Performance

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-3. Identifying CPU-Intensive Processes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-4. Identifying CPU Bottlenecks

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-5. Identifying Memory-Intensive Processes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-6. Identifying Memory Bottlenecks

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-7. Identifying I/O-Intensive Processes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-8. Identifying I/O Bottlenecks

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-9. Monitoring Network Traffic

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-10. Troubleshooting Database Connectivity

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-11. Tracing a Process

Problem

Solution

How It Works

8-12. Listing Files Opened by Processes

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 9: Viewing and Configuring System Resources

9-1. Displaying Server Hardware and the Operating System

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-2. Listing CPUs

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-3. Displaying Physical Memory

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-4. Viewing Kernel Parameters

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-5. Modifying Kernel Parameters

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-6. Displaying Semaphores

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-7. Configuring Semaphores

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-8. Viewing Memory Structures

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-9. Removing In-Memory Structures

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-10. Viewing Network Configuration Settings

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-11. Configuring Network Settings

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-12. Modifying System Open File Limits

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-13. Showing Shell Limits

Problem

Solution

How It Works

9-14. Changing Shell Limits

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 10: Automating Jobs with cron

10-1. Enabling Access to Schedule Jobs

Problem

Solution

How It Works

10-2. Editing the cron Table

Problem

Solution

How It Works

10-3. Understanding cron Table Entries

Problem

Solution

How It Works

10-4. Setting Operating System Variables

Problem

Solution

How It Works

10-5. Specifying the Execution Shell

Problem

Solution

How It Works

10-6. Redirecting cron Output

Problem

Solution

How It Works

10-7. Embedding Conditional Logic

Problem

Solution

How It Works

10-8. Troubleshooting cron

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 11: Managing Server Software

11-1. Installing Packages

Problem

Solution #1

Solution #2

How It Works

11-2. Switching to the Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-3. Associating Linux Files with RPM Packages

Problem

Solution #1

Solution #2

How It Works

11-4. Listing the Contents of an RPM Package

Problem

Solution #1

Solution #2

How It Works

11-5. Downloading Packages

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-6. Automating Server Builds with Oracle RDBMS Server PreInstall RPM

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-7. Upgrading Packages

Problem

Solution #1

Solution #2

How It Works

11-8. Removing Packages

Problem

Solution #1

Solution #2

How It Works

11-9. Checking RPM Requirements to Install Oracle Database

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-10. Performing Initial Silent Oracle Software Installation with Response Files

Problem

Solution #1

Solution #2

How It Works

11-11. Creating a Database with a Response File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-12. Creating a Network Configuration with a Response File

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-13. Applying Patch Set Updates (PSUs) and Interim Patches

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-14. Cloning an Oracle Home

Problem

Solution

How It Works

11-15. Attaching an Oracle Home

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 12: VirtualBox for Oracle

12-1. Installing Oracle VM VirtualBox

Problem

Solution

How It Works

12-2. Setting Up VirtualBox Virtual Machine (VM)

Problem

Solution

How It Works

12-3. Starting Up a VM for the First Time

Problem

Solution

How It Works

12-4. Creating Additional Virtual Disks

Problem

Solution

How It Works

12-5. Provisioning/Sharing a Disk with Another VM

Problem

Solution

How It Works

12-6. Configuring the Virtual Network

Problem

Solution

How It Works

12-7. Leveraging/Creating Oracle VM VirtualBox Prebuilt Templates

Problem

Solution #1: Leveraging Oracle’s Prebuilt Template

Solution #2: Creating Your Own OVA Template

How It Works

12-8. Cloning a VM

Problem

Solution

How It Works

12-9. Working with Snapshots

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 13: Optimizing Linux for Oracle Databases

13-1. Minimalizing the Linux Environment for Performance and Security

Problem

Solution

How It Works

13-2. Configuring Hugepages

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Automating Hugepages Server Configuration

Computing the Value of Huge Pages on an Existing Linux Server

Disabling Transparent Huge Pages

13-3. Enabling Jumbo Frames

Problem

Solution

How It Works

13-4. Determining and Implementing the Right I/O Scheduler

Problem

Solution

How It Works

13-5. Setting Pertinent Kernel Parameters for Oracle Databases

Problem

Solution

How It Works

13-6. Configuring NTP for Oracle

Problem

Solution

How It Works

13-7. Bonding Network Interfaces

Problem

Solution

How It Works

13-8. Enabling Network Services Cache Daemon (nscd)

Problem

Solution

How It Works

13-9. Aligning Disk Part itions Correctly

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 14: Working Securely Across a Network

14-1. Setting Up SSH

Problem

Solution

How It Works

14-2. Generating Host Keys

Problem

Solution

How It Works

14-3. Logging On Securely

Problem

Solution

How It Works

14-4. Copying Files Securely

Problem

Solution

How It Works

14-5. Authenticating Through Public Keys

Problem

Solution

How It Works

14-6. Configuring a Promptless Logon

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 15: Managing X Window

15-1. Configuring an X Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

15-2. Starting an X Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

15-3. Stopping the X Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

15-4. Displaying an X Client on a Remote Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

15-5. Tunneling X Over SSH

Problem

Solution

How It Works

15-6. Manipulating the Terminal Emulator for X Windows

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Chapter 16: Managing Remote Servers with VNC

16-1. Downloading the VNC Software

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-2. Installing the VNC Software

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-3. Manually Starting and Stopping the VNC Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-4. Automatically Starting the VNC Server on Linux

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-5. Automatically Starting the VNC Server on Solaris

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-6. Starting the VNC Viewer

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-7. Securing a VNC Connection

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-8. Accessing VNC via a Proxy Server

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-9. Running X Applications with VNC

Problem

Solution

How It Works

16-10. Troubleshooting VNC

Problem

Solution

How It Works

Appendix A: RAID Concepts

Understanding RAID

Defining Array, Stripe Width, Stripe Size, Chunk Size

RAID 0

RAID 1

Generating Parity

RAID 4

RAID 5

Building Hybrid (Nested) RAID Devices

RAID 0+1

RAID 1+0

RAID 5+0

Determining Disk Requirements

Capacity Planning

Appendix B: Server Log Files

Managing Linux Log Files

Rotating Log Files

Setting Up a Custom Log Rotation

Monitoring Log Files

Managing Solaris Log Files

Viewing System Message Log Files

Rotating Solaris Log Files

Summary

Index