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II: The Physical Work Environment
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II: The Physical Work Environment
by Peter H. Wald, Gregg M. Stave
Physical and Biological Hazards of the Workplace, 3rd Edition
COVER
TITLE PAGE
ABOUT THE EDITORS
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION
PREFACE
ACGIH POLICY STATEMENT
ACGIH STATEMENT OF POSITION
Part I: PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION to PHYSICAL HAZARDS
MECHANICS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
WORKER PROTECTION
Further Reading
I: Worker–Material Interfaces
Chapter 2: ERGONOMICS and UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT—ASSESSMENT
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 3: MANUAL MATERIALS HANDLING
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
NORMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SPINE
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY AND RISK FACTORS
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
SUMMARY
References
Chapter 4: OCCUPATIONAL VIBRATION EXPOSURE
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
OCCUPATIONAL VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS
OCCUPATIONAL VIBRATION GUIDELINES USED IN THE UNITED STATES
WHOLE‐BODY VIBRATION AND LOW BACK PROBLEMS
PREVENTION
HAND–ARM VIBRATION MEDICAL EFFECTS
DIAGNOSIS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
HAND–ARM VIBRATION CONTROL
References
Chapter 5: MECHANICAL ENERGY
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY
TREATMENT
SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS
PREVENTION
SUMMARY
References
II: The Physical Work Environment
Chapter 6: HOT ENVIRONMENTS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
ACGIH GUIDELINES
NIOSH GUIDELINES
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ILLNESS AND TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
HEAT EXPOSURE AND REPRODUCTION
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 7: COLD ENVIRONMENTS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 8: HIGH-PRESSURE ENVIRONMENTS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES AND PHYSICS OF PRESSURE
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
SPECIAL UNDERWATER STRESSORS
OTHER HAZARDS IN THE DIVING ENVIRONMENT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIRECT PRESSURE INJURY
LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS
TREATMENT OF BUBBLE-RELATED DISEASE
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 9: LOW-PRESSURE and HIGH-ALTITUDE ENVIRONMENTS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
LOW-PRESSURE ENVIRONMENTS
HYPOXIA
HIGH-ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION AND ILLNESS
OTHER ALTITUDE-RELATED CONDITIONS
References
Chapter 10: SHIFT WORK
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES (SCHEDULE DESIGN)
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOBIOLOGY (CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND SHIFT WORK)
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT (COUNTERMEASURES)
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
References
III: Energy and Electromagnetic Radiation
Chapter 11: IONIZING RADIATION
BACKGROUND RADIATION
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES
DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL EXPOSURES
MEASUREMENT ISSUES AND THE PHYSICS OF IONIZING RADIATION
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EFFECTS
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
PREVENTION
EMERGENCY INFORMATION AND EXPERT ADVICE
References
Chapter 12: ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 13: VISIBLE LIGHT and INFRARED RADIATION
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 14: LASER RADIATION
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES AND CLASSIFICATION OF LASER POWER
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 15: MICROWAVE, RADIOFREQUENCY, and EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ENERGY
MICROWAVE AND RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION
EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION: MAGNETIC FIELDS
References
Chapter 16: NOISE
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
MEASUREMENT ISSUES
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 17: ELECTRICAL POWER and ELECTRICAL INJURIES
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
LIGHTNING INJURIES
References
Part II: BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Chapter 18: GENERAL PRINCIPLES of MICROBIOLOGY and INFECTIOUS DISEASE
ETIOLOGY OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSIBILITY OF DISEASE
INFECTIVITY OF DISEASE
CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS FOR LABORATORY WORK
Chapter 19: CLINICAL RECOGNITION of OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE and HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
INFECTION
SPECIFIC CLINICAL DISEASES
IMMUNE MECHANISMS AND HYPERSENSITIVITY DISORDERS
SPECIFIC CLINICAL SYNDROMES
LABORATORY CONFIRMATION OF INFECTIOUS AND HYPERSENSITIVITY DISEASES
CLINICAL TESTING FOR HYPERSENSITIVITY
WHEN TO SUSPECT OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN
EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS
Chapter 20: PREVENTION of ILLNESS from BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
OCCUPATIONS WITH POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
THE OSHA BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD
THE HISTORY OF OSHA GUIDELINES FOR TUBERCULOSIS
PROPOSED OSHA INFECTIOUS DISEASE STANDARD
PREVENTION OF EXPOSURE TO BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
SURVEILLANCE
VACCINATION
SPECIAL SITUATIONS
Chapter 21: VIRUSES
ARBOVIRUSES (Yellow fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Zika fever, Japanese encephalitis, St Louis encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, La Cro
References
ARENAVIRUSES
References
CORONAVIRUS
References
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)
References
FILOVIRUSES (EBOLA AND MARBURG VIRUSES)
References
HANTAVIRUSES
References
HEPATITIS A VIRUS (HAV)
References
HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)
References
HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV)
References
HERPES B VIRUS
References
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV)
References
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV-1)
References
HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPHIC VIRUS
References
INFLUENZA VIRUS
References
MEASLES VIRUS
References
MUMPS VIRUS
References
NOROVIRUS (FORMERLY NORWALK VIRUS) AND OTHER ENTERIC VIRUSES
References
PARVOVIRUS B19
References
RABIES VIRUS
References
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV)
References
RUBELLA VIRUS
References
SIMIAN RETROVIRUSES
References
VACCINIA
References
VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV)
References
Chapter 22: BACTERIA
ACINETOBACTER SPECIES
BACILLUS SPECIES
BORRELIA SPECIES
BRUCELLA SPECIES
CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (INCLUDING C. ARGENTINENSE, C. BARATII, AND C. BUTYRICUM)
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (also C. SEPTICUM, C. NOVI)
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
CORYNEBACTERIUM SPECIES
ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE
ESCHERICHIA COLI
FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS (INCLUDING F. NOVOCIDA)
HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
LEGIONELLA SPECIES (LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA, LEGIONELLA LONGBEACHAE)
LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS
PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA
PSEUDOMONAS AND BURKHOLDERIA SPECIES
RAT-BITE FEVER: STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS AND SPIRILLUM MINOR
RELAPSING FEVER: BORRELIA SPECIES (other than B. burgdorferi)
SALMONELLA SPECIES
SHIGELLA SPECIES
STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES
STREPTOCOCCUS SPECIES
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM
VIBRIO CHOLERAE
VIBRIO SPECIES OTHER THAN V. CHOLERAE (V. PARAHEMOLYTICUS, V. VULNIFICUS)
YERSINIA PESTIS
YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS AND ENTEROCOLITICA
Chapter 23: MYCOBACTERIA
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (M. tb.)
MYCOBACTERIA OTHER THAN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Chapter 24: FUNGI
ALTERNARIA SPECIES
References
ASPERGILLUS SPECIES
References
BASIDIOMYCETES (INCLUDING MERULIUS LACRYMANS, LYCOPERDON, AND MUSHROOMS)
References
BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS
References
CANDIDA SPECIES
References
CLADOSPORIUM SPECIES
References
COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS
References
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS AND CRYPTOCOCCUS GATTII
References
CRYPTOSTROMA CORTICALE
References
FONSECAEA AND OTHER AGENTS OF CHROMOMYCOSIS
References
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM
References
MADURELLA SPECIES AND OTHER AGENTS OF MYCETOMA
References
PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRASILIENSIS
References
PENICILLIUM SPECIES
References
SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
References
STACHYBOTRYS CHARTARUM
References
TRICHOPHYTON AND OTHER DERMATOPHYTES
References
ZYGOMYCETES
References
Chapter 25: ANAPLASMA, CHLAMYDOPHILA, COXIELLA, EHRLICHIA, and RICKETTSIA
ANAPLASMA
References
CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI
References
COXIELLA BURNETII
References
EHRLICHIA SPECIES
References
RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII
References
Chapter 26: PARASITES
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM
References
CYCLOSPORIASIS
References
CUTANEOUS, MUCOCUTANEOUS, AND VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
References
NANOPHYETUS
References
PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA
References
PLASMODIUM SPECIES
References
TOXOPLASMA GONDII
References
Chapter 27: ENVENOMATIONS
ARTHROPOD ENVENOMATIONS
HYMENOPTERA
References
LATRODECTUS SPECIES
References
LOXOSCELES SPECIES
References
SCORPIONIDA (SCORPIONS)
References
MARINE ENVENOMATIONS
CATFISH
References
COELENTERATE: ANTHOZOA
References
COELENTERATE: HYDROZOA
References
COELENTERATA: SCYPHOZOA
References
DASYATIS (STINGRAY)
References
ECHINODERMATA
References
MOLLUSCA
References
PORIFERA
References
SCORPAENIDAE
References
SNAKE ENVENOMATIONS
COLUBRIDAE
References
CROTALIDAE
References
ELAPIDAE
References
HYDROPHIDAE
References
Chapter 28: ALLERGENS
ENZYMES
References
FARM ANIMALS
References
GRAIN DUST
References
INSECTS
References
LABORATORY ANIMALS
References
MITES
References
PLANTS
References
SHELLFISH AND OTHER MARINE INVERTEBRATES
References
WHEAT FLOUR AND EGG
References
Chapter 29: LATEX
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
EXPOSURE (ROUTE)
PATHOBIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 30: MALIGNANT CELLS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
EXPOSURE (ROUTE)
PATHOBIOLOGY
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 31: RECOMBINANT ORGANISMS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
EXPOSURE (ROUTE)
PATHOBIOLOGY
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 32: PRIONS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
EXPOSURE (ROUTE)
PATHOBIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 33: ENDOTOXINS
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
EXPOSURE (ROUTE)
PATHOBIOLOGY
ACUTE EXPOSURES
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
Chapter 34: WOOD DUST
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
EXPOSURE (ROUTE)
PATHOBIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
PREVENTION
References
INDEX
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The Physical Work Environment
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