Table of Contents

  1. Introduction

  2. Part I Performing Basic System Management Tasks

    1. Chapter 1 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Preparing to Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux

        1. What Is Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Server?

        2. Getting the Software

          1. Using Red Hat Enterprise Linux

          2. Using CentOS Stream

          3. Other Distributions

        3. Understanding Access to Repositories

        4. Setup Requirements

        5. Cert Guide Environment Description

      4. Performing an Installation

      5. Summary

      6. Exam Preparation Tasks

      7. Review All Key Topics

      8. Define Key Terms

      9. Review Questions

      10. End-of-Chapter Lab

      11. Lab 1.1

    2. Chapter 2 Using Essential Tools

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Basic Shell Skills

        1. Understanding Commands

        2. Executing Commands

        3. I/O Redirection

        4. Using Pipes

        5. History

        6. Bash Completion

      4. Editing Files with vim

      5. Understanding the Shell Environment

        1. Understanding Variables

        2. Recognizing Environment Configuration Files

        3. Using /etc/motd and /etc/issue

      6. Finding Help

        1. Using --help

        2. Using man

        3. Finding the Right man Page

        4. Updating mandb

        5. Using info

        6. Using /usr/share/doc Documentation Files

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      11. Define Key Terms

      12. Review Questions

      13. End-of-Chapter Lab

      14. Lab 2.1

    3. Chapter 3 Essential File Management Tools

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Working with the File System Hierarchy

        1. Defining the File System Hierarchy

        2. Understanding Mounts

      4. Managing Files

        1. Working with Wildcards

        2. Managing and Working with Directories

        3. Working with Absolute and Relative Pathnames

        4. Listing Files and Directories

        5. Copying Files and Directories

        6. Moving Files and Directories

        7. Deleting Files and Directories

      5. Using Links

        1. Understanding Hard Links

        2. Understanding Symbolic Links

        3. Creating Links

        4. Removing Links

      6. Working with Archives and Compressed Files

        1. Managing Archives with tar

          1. Creating Archives with tar

          2. Monitoring and Extracting tar Files

        2. Using Compression

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      11. Define Key Terms

      12. Review Questions

      13. End-of-Chapter Lab

      14. Lab 3.1

    4. Chapter 4 Working with Text Files

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Using Common Text File–Related Tools

        1. Doing More with less

        2. Showing File Contents with cat

        3. Displaying the First or Last Lines of a File with head and tail

        4. Filtering Specific Columns with cut

        5. Sorting File Contents and Output with sort

        6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters with wc

      4. A Primer to Using Regular Expressions

        1. Using Line Anchors

        2. Using Escaping in Regular Expressions

        3. Using Wildcards and Multipliers

        4. Using Extended Regular Expressions

      5. Using grep to Analyze Text

      6. Working with Other Useful Text Processing Utilities

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      11. Define Key Terms

      12. Review Questions

      13. End-of-Chapter Lab

      14. Lab 4.1

    5. Chapter 5 Connecting to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Working on Local Consoles

        1. Logging In to a Local Console

        2. Switching Between Terminals in a Graphical Environment

        3. Working with Multiple Terminals in a Nongraphical Environment

        4. Understanding Pseudo Terminal Devices

        5. Booting, Rebooting, and Shutting Down Systems

      4. Using SSH and Related Utilities

        1. Accessing Remote Systems Using SSH

        2. Using Graphical Applications in an SSH Environment

        3. Securely Transferring Files Between Systems

          1. Using scp to Securely Copy Files

          2. Using sftp to Securely Transfer Files

          3. Using rsync to Synchronize Files

        4. Configuring Key-Based Authentication for SSH

        5. Using Passphrases or Not?

      5. Summary

      6. Exam Preparation Tasks

      7. Review All Key Topics

      8. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      9. Define Key Terms

      10. Review Questions

      11. End-of-Chapter Labs

      12. Lab 5.1

      13. Lab 5.2

    6. Chapter 6 User and Group Management

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding Different User Types

        1. Users on Linux

        2. Working as Root

        3. Using su

        4. sudo

        5. PolicyKit

      4. Creating and Managing User Accounts

        1. System Accounts and Normal Accounts

        2. Creating Users

          1. Modifying the Configuration Files

          2. Using useradd

          3. Home Directories

          4. Default Shell

        3. Managing User Properties

        4. Configuration Files for User Management Defaults

        5. Managing Password Properties

        6. Creating a User Environment

      5. Creating and Managing Group Accounts

        1. Understanding Linux Groups

        2. Creating Groups

          1. Creating Groups with vigr

          2. Using groupadd to Create Groups

        3. Managing Group Properties

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      10. Define Key Terms

      11. Review Questions

      12. End-of-Chapter Labs

      13. Lab 6.1

      14. Lab 6.2

    7. Chapter 7 Permissions Management

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Managing File Ownership

        1. Displaying Ownership

        2. Changing User Ownership

        3. Changing Group Ownership

        4. Understanding Default Ownership

      4. Managing Basic Permissions

        1. Understanding Read, Write, and Execute Permissions

        2. Applying Read, Write, and Execute Permissions

      5. Managing Advanced Permissions

        1. Understanding Advanced Permissions

        2. Applying Advanced Permissions

      6. Setting Default Permissions with umask

      7. Working with User-Extended Attributes

      8. Summary

      9. Exam Preparation Tasks

      10. Review All Key Topics

      11. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      12. Define Key Terms

      13. Review Questions

      14. End-of-Chapter Lab

      15. Lab 7.1

    8. Chapter 8 Configuring Networking

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Networking Fundamentals

        1. IP Addresses

        2. IPv6 Addresses

        3. IPv4 Network Masks

        4. Binary Notation

        5. MAC Addresses

        6. Protocol and Ports

      4. Managing Network Addresses and Interfaces

      5. Validating Network Configuration

        1. Validating Network Address Configuration

        2. Validating Routing

        3. Validating the Availability of Ports and Services

      6. Managing Network Configuration with nmtui and nmcli

        1. Required Permissions to Change Network Configuration

        2. Configuring the Network with nmcli

        3. Configuring the Network with nmtui

        4. Working on Network Configuration Files

      7. Setting Up Hostname and Name Resolution

        1. Hostnames

        2. DNS Name Resolution

      8. Summary

      9. Exam Preparation Tasks

      10. Review All Key Topics

      11. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      12. Define Key Terms

      13. Review Questions

      14. End-of-Chapter Lab

      15. Lab 8.1

  3. Part II Operating Running Systems

    1. Chapter 9 Managing Software

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Managing Software Packages with dnf

        1. Understanding the Role of Repositories

        2. Registering Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Support

        3. Managing Subscriptions

        4. Specifying Which Repository to Use

        5. Understanding Repository Security

        6. Creating Your Own Repository

      4. Using dnf

        1. Using dnf to Find Software Packages

        2. Getting More Information About Packages

        3. Installing and Removing Software Packages

        4. Showing Lists of Packages

          1. Updating Packages

          2. Working with dnf Package Groups

          3. Using dnf History

      5. Managing Package Modules

        1. Understanding dnf Modules

        2. Managing Modules

      6. Managing Software Packages with rpm

        1. Understanding RPM Filenames

        2. Querying the RPM Database

        3. Querying RPM Package Files

        4. Using repoquery

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      11. Define Key Terms

      12. Review Questions

      13. End-of-Chapter Labs

      14. Lab 9.1

    2. Chapter 10 Managing Processes

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Introduction to Process Management

      4. Managing Shell Jobs

        1. Running Jobs in the Foreground and Background

        2. Managing Shell Jobs

        3. Understanding Parent–Child Relations

      5. Using Common Command-Line Tools for Process Management

        1. Understanding Processes and Threads

        2. Using ps to Get Process Information

        3. Understanding Process Priorities

          1. Exploring Relations Between Slices

          2. Managing Process Priorities

        4. Sending Signals to Processes with kill, killall, and pkill

        5. Killing Zombies

      6. Using top to Manage Processes

      7. Using tuned to Optimize Performance

      8. Summary

      9. Exam Preparation Tasks

      10. Review All Key Topics

      11. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      12. Define Key Terms

      13. Review Questions

      14. End-of-Chapter Lab

      15. Lab 10.1

    3. Chapter 11 Working with Systemd

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding Systemd

        1. Understanding Systemd Unit Locations

        2. Understanding Systemd Service Units

        3. Understanding Systemd Mount Units

        4. Understanding Systemd Socket Units

        5. Understanding Systemd Target Units

      4. Managing Units Through Systemd

        1. Managing Dependencies

        2. Managing Unit Options

      5. Summary

      6. Exam Preparation Tasks

      7. Review All Key Topics

      8. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      9. Define Key Terms

      10. Review Questions

      11. End-of-Chapter Lab

      12. Lab 11.1

    4. Chapter 12 Scheduling Tasks

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding Task Scheduling Options in RHEL

      4. Using Systemd Timers

      5. Configuring cron to Automate Recurring Tasks

        1. Managing the crond Service

        2. Understanding cron Timing

        3. Managing cron Configuration Files

        4. Understanding the Purpose of anacron

        5. Managing cron Security

      6. Configuring at to Schedule Future Tasks

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Define Key Terms

      11. Review Questions

      12. End-of-Chapter Lab

      13. Lab 12.1

    5. Chapter 13 Configuring Logging

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding System Logging

        1. Understanding the Role of systemd-journald and rsyslogd

        2. Reading Log Files

        3. Understanding Log File Contents

        4. Live Log File Monitoring

        5. Using logger

      4. Working with systemd-journald

        1. Using journalctl to Find Events

        2. Preserving the Systemd Journal

      5. Configuring rsyslogd

        1. Understanding rsyslogd Configuration Files

        2. Understanding rsyslog.conf Sections

        3. Understanding Facilities, Priorities, and Log Destinations

      6. Rotating Log Files

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      11. Define Key Terms

      12. Review Questions

      13. End-of-Chapter Lab

      14. Lab 13.1

    6. Chapter 14 Managing Storage

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding MBR and GPT Partitions

        1. Understanding the MBR Partitioning Scheme

        2. Understanding the Need for GPT Partitioning

        3. Understanding Storage Measurement Units

      4. Managing Partitions and File Systems

        1. Creating MBR Partitions with fdisk

        2. Using Extended and Logical Partitions on MBR

        3. Creating GPT Partitions with gdisk

        4. Creating GPT Partitions with parted

        5. Creating File Systems

        6. Changing File System Properties

          1. Managing Ext4 File System Properties

          2. Managing XFS File System Properties

        7. Adding Swap Partitions

        8. Adding Swap Files

      5. Mounting File Systems

        1. Manually Mounting File Systems

        2. Using Device Names, UUIDs, or Disk Labels

        3. Automating File System Mounts Through /etc/fstab

        4. Using Systemd Mounts

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      10. Define Key Terms

      11. Review Questions

      12. End-of-Chapter Lab

      13. Lab 14.1

    7. Chapter 15 Managing Advanced Storage

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding LVM

        1. LVM Architecture

        2. LVM Features

      4. Creating LVM Logical Volumes

        1. Creating the Physical Volumes

        2. Creating the Volume Groups

        3. Creating the Logical Volumes and File Systems

        4. Understanding LVM Device Naming

      5. Resizing LVM Logical Volumes

        1. Resizing Volume Groups

        2. Resizing Logical Volumes and File Systems

        3. Reducing Volume Groups

      6. Configuring Stratis

        1. Understanding Stratis Architecture

        2. Creating Stratis Storage

        3. Managing Stratis

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      11. Define Key Terms

      12. Review Questions

      13. End-of-Chapter Labs

      14. Lab 15.1

      15. Lab 15.2

  4. Part III Performing Advanced System Administration Tasks

    1. Chapter 16 Basic Kernel Management

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding the Role of the Linux Kernel

        1. Understanding the Use of Kernel Threads and Drivers

        2. Analyzing What the Kernel Is Doing

      4. Working with Kernel Modules

        1. Understanding Hardware Initialization

        2. Managing Kernel Modules

        3. Checking Driver Availability for Hardware Devices

        4. Managing Kernel Module Parameters

      5. Upgrading the Linux Kernel

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      10. Define Key Terms

      11. Review Questions

      12. End-of-Chapter Lab

      13. Lab 16.1

    2. Chapter 17 Managing and Understanding the Boot Procedure

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Managing Systemd Targets

        1. Understanding Systemd Targets

          1. Working with Targets

          2. Understanding Target Units

          3. Understanding Wants

          4. Managing Systemd Targets

          5. Isolating Targets

          6. Setting the Default Target

      4. Working with GRUB 2

        1. Understanding GRUB 2

        2. Understanding GRUB 2 Configuration Files

        3. Modifying Default GRUB 2 Boot Options

      5. Summary

      6. Exam Preparation Tasks

      7. Review All Key Topics

      8. Define Key Terms

      9. Review Questions

      10. End-of-Chapter Labs

      11. Lab 17.1

      12. Lab 17.2

    3. Chapter 18 Essential Troubleshooting Skills

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding the RHEL 9 Boot Procedure

      4. Passing Kernel Boot Arguments

        1. Accessing the Boot Prompt

        2. Starting a Troubleshooting Target

      5. Using a Rescue Disk

        1. Restoring System Access Using a Rescue Disk

        2. Reinstalling GRUB Using a Rescue Disk

        3. Re-creating the Initramfs Using a Rescue Disk

      6. Fixing Common Issues

        1. Reinstalling GRUB 2

        2. Fixing the Initramfs

        3. Recovering from File System Issues

        4. Resetting the Root Password

      7. Summary

      8. Exam Preparation Tasks

      9. Review All Key Topics

      10. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      11. Define Key Terms

      12. Review Questions

      13. End-of-Chapter Lab

      14. Lab 18.1

    4. Chapter 19 An Introduction to Automation with Bash Shell Scripting

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding Shell Scripting Core Elements

      4. Using Variables and Input

        1. Using Positional Parameters

        2. Working with Variables

      5. Using Conditional Loops

        1. Working with if … then … else

        2. Using || and &&

        3. Applying for

        4. Understanding while and until

        5. Understanding case

        6. Bash Shell Script Debugging

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Define Key Terms

      10. Review Questions

      11. End-of-Chapter Lab

      12. Lab 19.1

  5. Part IV Managing Network Services

    1. Chapter 20 Configuring SSH

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Hardening the SSH Server

        1. Limiting Root Access

        2. Configuring Alternative Ports

        3. Modifying SELinux to Allow for Port Changes

        4. Limiting User Access

      4. Using Other Useful sshd Options

        1. Session Options

        2. Connection Keepalive Options

      5. Configuring Key-Based Authentication with Passphrases

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      10. Define Key Terms

      11. Review Questions

      12. End-of-Chapter Lab

      13. Lab 20.1

    2. Chapter 21 Managing Apache HTTP Services

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Configuring a Basic Apache Server

        1. Installing the Required Software

        2. Identifying the Main Configuration File

        3. Creating Web Server Content

      4. Understanding Apache Configuration Files

      5. Creating Apache Virtual Hosts

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Define Key Terms

      10. Review Questions

      11. End-of-Chapter Lab

      12. Lab 21.1

    3. Chapter 22 Managing SELinux

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding SELinux Working Modes

      4. Understanding Context Settings and the Policy

        1. Monitoring Current Context Labels

        2. Setting Context Types

        3. Finding the Context Type You Need

      5. Restoring Default File Contexts

      6. Managing Port Access

      7. Using Boolean Settings to Modify SELinux Settings

      8. Diagnosing and Addressing SELinux Policy Violations

        1. Making SELinux Analyzing Easier

      9. Summary

      10. Exam Preparation Tasks

      11. Review All Key Topics

      12. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      13. Define Key Terms

      14. Review Questions

      15. End-of-Chapter Lab

      16. Lab 22.1

    4. Chapter 23 Configuring a Firewall

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding Linux Firewalling

        1. Understanding Previous Solutions

        2. Understanding Firewalld

        3. Understanding Firewalld Zones

        4. Understanding Firewalld Services

      4. Working with Firewalld

      5. Summary

      6. Exam Preparation Tasks

      7. Review All Key Topics

      8. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      9. Define Key Terms

      10. Review Questions

      11. End-of-Chapter Lab

      12. Lab 23.1

    5. Chapter 24 Accessing Network Storage

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Using NFS Services

        1. Understanding NFS Security

        2. RHEL NFS Versions

        3. Setting Up NFS

        4. Mounting the NFS Share

      4. Mounting Remote File Systems Through fstab

        1. Mounting NFS Shares Through fstab

      5. Using Automount to Mount Remote File Systems

        1. Understanding Automount

        2. Defining Mounts in Automount

        3. Configuring Automount for NFS

        4. Using Wildcards in Automount

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Define Key Terms

      10. Review Questions

      11. End-of-Chapter Lab

      12. Lab 24.1

    6. Chapter 25 Configuring Time Services

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding Local Time

      4. Using Network Time Protocol

      5. Managing Time on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

        1. Using date

        2. Using hwclock

        3. Using timedatectl

        4. Managing Time Zone Settings

        5. Configuring Time Service Clients

      6. Summary

      7. Exam Preparation Tasks

      8. Review All Key Topics

      9. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      10. Define Key Terms

      11. Review Questions

      12. End-of-Chapter Lab

      13. Lab 25.1

    7. Chapter 26 Managing Containers

      1. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz

      2. Foundation Topics

      3. Understanding Containers

        1. Container Host Requirements

        2. Containers on RHEL 9

        3. Container Orchestration

      4. Running a Container

      5. Working with Container Images

        1. Using Registries

        2. Finding Images

        3. Inspecting Images

        4. Performing Image Housekeeping

        5. Building Images from a Containerfile

      6. Managing Containers

        1. Managing Container Status

        2. Running Commands in a Container

        3. Managing Container Ports

        4. Managing Container Environment Variables

      7. Managing Container Storage

      8. Running Containers as Systemd Services

      9. Summary

      10. Exam Preparation Tasks

      11. Review All Key Topics

      12. Complete Tables and Lists from Memory

      13. Define Key Terms

      14. Review Questions

      15. End-of-Chapter Lab

      16. Lab 26.1

    8. Chapter 27 Final Preparation

      1. General Tips

        1. Verifying Your Readiness

        2. Registering for the Exam

        3. On Exam Day

          1. During the Exam

          2. The Nondisclosure Agreement

    9. Chapter 28 Theoretical Pre-Assessment Exam

  6. Part V RHCSA 9 Practice Exams

    1. RHCSA Practice Exam A

    2. RHCSA Practice Exam B

    3. Appendix A: Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Review Questions

    4. Appendix B: Red Hat RHCSA 9 Cert Guide: EX200 Exam Updates

    5. Glossary

    6. Index

  7. Online Elements:

    1. RHCSA Practice Exam C

    2. RHCSA Practice Exam D

    3. Appendix C: Memory Tables

    4. Appendix D: Memory Tables Answer Key

    5. Appendix E: Study Planner

    6. Glossary

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