Index
As this ebook edition doesn't have fixed pagination, the page numbers below are hyperlinked for reference only, based on the printed edition of this book.
A
activation functions 31
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 47
Alexa Voice Service (AVS) 36
AliOS Things
reference link 27
Amazon FreeRTOS
reference link 27
Amazon Machine Image (AMI) 71, 124, 187
reference link 124
Amazon Machine Instances (AMIs) 218
Amazon Web Services (AWS) 38
Amazon Web Services Elastic Compute Cloud (AWS EC2) 49
analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) 20
anomaly detection example
reference link 124
anomaly detection, ML use cases
application programming interface (API) 26, 50
Arduino Due 58
Arduino IDE 57
download link 58
arguments
Arm-2D project 229
reference link 229
Arm Compiler 6 (AC6) 54
Arm Compiler for Embedded 54
reference link 54
Arm Compiler for Embedded FuSa 55
reference link 55
Arm Cortex-M0+ 4
Arm Cortex-M33 processor 4
Arm Development Studio 57
reference link 57
Arm Fast Models 48
reference link 48
Arm Functional Safety Run-Time System (FuSa RTS) 33
components 33
FuSa C Library 33
FuSa CMSIS-Core 33
FuSa Event Recorder 33
FuSa RTX RTOS 33
Safety Package 33
Arm Internet Protocol (Arm IP) 48
Arm Open-IoT SDK 228
reference link 228
Arm projects
2D graphics library project 228, 229
IoT SDK 228
Open-CMSIS-CDI 228
reference link 228
Arm Virtual Hardware (AVH) 50, 121, 196
using 114
with Cortex-M55 70
Arm Virtual Hardware, with Cortex-M55
hello world, running 71
startup code 72
Arm Virtual Hardware with Cortex-M55, startup.c file
branch cache, enabling 73
cache, initializing 74
C library main function 73
exception vector handlers 73
exception vector tables 73
FPU support, enabling 73
MVE support, enabling 73
reset handler 73
artificial intelligence (AI) 6
automated development
versus interactive development 59-61
Automotive Safety Integration Level (ASIL) 14
AVH.yml file
AWS Elastic Container Service (AWS ECS) 64
Azure RTOS
reference link 27
B
Balena
URL 220
bare-metal software 26
overview 26
bayes classification functions 30
running 80
blockchain technology 235
reference link 235
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 20, 27, 58
board farm
replacing, with virtual farms 196, 197
BOOT 73
branch cache
enabling 73
build system 39
Bullseye 223
C
central processing unit (CPU) 4, 30, 47
CI flows, examples 198
GitHub webhook, creating 202, 203
in-house board farm setup 200
Jenkins pipeline, creating 204-206
virtual farm, with AVH 208
C library main function 73
cloud computing 49
cloud connectors 38
cloud containers 169
cloud development 187
cloud virtual machines 187, 188
fundamentals 168
virtual desktop, in VM 188-190
cloud leveraging, tips
Amazon Machine Instances (AMIs), saving 218
Amazon Machine Instances (AMIs), sharing 218
cloud connector services 219, 220
free tiers, trying 218
remote access tools, investigating 219
cloud service providers (CSPs) 21, 36
cloud software
custom Gitpod image, creating 182
debugging 182
executing 182
cloud virtual machines 187, 188
CMake
URL 126
CMSIS_5
reference link 28
CMSIS-CORE 28
activation functions 31
basic math functions 31
convolution functions 31
fully connected layer functions 31
pooling functions 31
softmax functions 31
SVDF layer functions 31
CMSIS-Packs 227
reference link 228
code coverage
implementing 223
tests, implementing 223
code translation 47
coding cloud 169
development container (dev container) 170
development container (dev container), services 171
VS Code, using via github.dev 169, 170
workspace image 175
command-line interface (CLI) 61
Common Microcontroller Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) 123
compilers 54
Arm Compiler for Embedded 54
Arm Compiler for Embedded FuSa 55
exploring 54
GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 55
complex math functions 29
Configuration and Control Register (CCR) 74
containers 175
Continuous Delivery (CD) 208
continuous integration (CI) 60 193
best practice 194
board farm, replacing with virtual farms 196, 197
convolutional NNs (CNNs) 31
convolution functions 31
Coprocessor Access Control Register (CPACR) 73
Cortex-M
Cortex-M0 6
Cortex-M0+
using, for Raspberry Pi Pico 85
Cortex-M0+ development boards 20
Cortex-M0 development boards 20
Cortex-M3 development boards 20
Cortex-M4 5
Cortex-M4 development boards 20
Cortex-M7 5
Cortex-M7 development boards 20
Cortex-M23 9
Cortex-M23 development boards 20
Cortex-M33 5
using, for NXP LPC55S69-EVK 79, 80
Cortex-M33 development boards 20
Cortex-M35P processor 14
Cortex-M55 5
used, for Arm Virtual Hardware 70
vectorization 228
Cortex-M85 6
vectorization 228
Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) 28, 29, 56
reference link 28
Cortex-M Microcontroller Prototyping System (MPS) 48
Cortex-M optimization 116
algorithm implementation 117
compiler 117
compiler flags 117
processor performance 116
source code 117
Cortex-M processors
selecting, based on performance and power 7
Cortex-M processors, selection for project requirement
safety, features 14
Cortex-M processors, use cases
industrial flow sensor 4
IoT sensor 5
medical wearable 4
selecting 4
Cortex-M Security Extension (CMSE) 151
reference link 151
Cortex-M System Design Kit 77
CppUTest 223
cycle count
measuring 99
D
DAP firmware
reference link 186
Data Tightly Coupled Memory (DTCM) 76
Data Watchpoint and Trace (DWT) 102-104
counters 102
decentralized IoT network 235
dev containers
integrating, with VS Code 180-182
development boards 46
selecting 18
development boards, factors
power 19
development container (dev container) 170
services 171
usage 171
development environments 58, 59
interactive development, versus automated development 59, 60
development platforms 46
examining 46
hardware-centric development platforms 50
software-centric development platforms 46
Dhrystone 8
Dhrystone Million Instructions per Second (DMIPS) 10
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 4, 27, 227
reference link 227
digital-to-analog converters (DACs) 20
Direct Media Interface (DMI) 53
distance functions 30
distributed IoT network 235
Docker 62
Dockerfile
Docker Hub
URL 178
Docker installation
reference link 175
performance, measuring 105
performance, measuring with Arm Virtual Hardware 114
performance, measuring with NXP LPC55S69-EVK 109-113
performance, measuring with Raspberry Pi Pico 105, 106
dot product, with Arm Virtual Hardware
performance, measuring results 115
dot product, with NXP LPC55S69-EVK
performance, measuring results 113, 114
dot product, with Raspberry Pi Pico
performance, measuring results 106-109
DSP libraries 29
Dual-Redundant Core Lockstep (DCLS) 14
dynamic power consumption 8
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) 18
E
Eclipse Embedded C/C++ Development Tools (Eclipse Embedded CDT) 57
electronic design automation (EDA) 51
Embedded Tools extension 58
emulation 51
end-user license agreement (EULA) 41
Error Correction Code (ECC) 14
Ethos-U55
reference link 7
Ethos-U55 driver
reference link 130
Extension Processing Unit (EPU) 73
F
fast Fourier transform (FFTs) 227
fast math functions 29
fault detection (FD) 14
field-programmable gate array (FPGA) 48
filtering functions 29
audio processing 29
image processing 29
video processing 29
finite impulse response (FIR) 29, 227
Fixed Virtual Platform (FVP) 71, 124
floating-point unit (FPU) 4
Fourier transform (FFT) functions 30
FPGA prototypes 51
FPU support
enabling 73
fully connected layer functions 31
future trends impact, on Cortex-M developers
centralized web 234
decentralization, of information 234
decentralized IoT network 235, 236
environmental sustainability 232
Internet of Everything 231
renewable energy challenges 233
ultra-low power solution 233
Web 3.0 235
G
general-purpose I/O (GPIO) pins 20
GitHub Codespaces 171
Gitpod 171
GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 55
components 55
download link 55
GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 55, 126
GNU’s Not Unix (GNU) 55
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) 58
GoogleTest 223
graphical user interface (GUI) 38, 55, 125
H
HardFault 73
hardware attacks 143
hardware-centric development platforms 50, 51
hardware description language (HDL) 51
hardware device
selecting 146
running 71
hello world application
secure function, calling from non-secure state 155-158
security states, switching 153, 154
hexadecimal (hex) 134
host code development 49
I
IAR Embedded Workbench for Arm 57
reference link 57
image classification example, machine learning 226
reference link 226
image classification, ML use cases
build 131
Ethos-U55 in practice 130
Imperas 49
URL 49
Initial State
URL 220
Input/Output (I/O) functions 76
input/output (I/O) interfaces 47
input/output (I/O) pins 19
instruction barrier (ISB) 74
Instruction Tightly Coupled Memory (ITCM) 75
integrated development environment (IDE) 27, 40, 168
Arduino IDE 57
Arm Development Studio 57
IAR Embedded Workbench for Arm 57
Keil MDK 56
Visual Studio Code (VS Code) 58
integration tests 197
interactive development
versus automated development 59-61
Internal Trusted Storage (ITS) 159
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 14
internet of things (IoT) 50, 122
interpolation functions 30
inter-process communication (IPC) 161
IoT Security Specifications and Implementations
IoT Security Threat Models and Security Model
reference link 142
J
Jenkins 200
installing 201
Jfrog Connect tool 219
K
Keil Microcontroller Development Kit (Keil MDK) 54-56
reference link 56
Keil RTX5
reference link 27
L
language binding 37
libraries
light-emitting diode (LED) 37
Link Time Optimization (LTO) 117
Linux 61
liquid-crystal display (LCD) 48, 128
logic simulation 51
longevity, of software development 61
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) modems 21
lower-level considerations 39
Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) 54
LPCXpresso55S69 EVK 80
M
Mac 61
machine learning (ML), examples
image classification 226
speech recognition 226
frameworks 30
libraries 30
vibration 35
vision 36
voice 36
matrix functions 29
Matter
URL 220
Mbed OS
reference link 27
Mbed TLS
reference link 38
MDK-Community 80
MDK (Microcontroller Development Kit) 227
megahertz (MHz) 8
Memory Built-In Self-Test (MBIST) 14
memory map overview for Corstone™ SSE-300
reference link 162
memory protection unit (MPU) 4, 28
Message Queueing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) 219
metrics, for evaluating development platforms
abstraction 53
accuracy 53
automated testing 53
ease of use 52
performance (speed) 52
synchronization 53
time to create 53
visibility and debugging 53
microcontroller development boards 16, 17
microcontroller unit (MCU) 42, 58
Micro-ROS project 226
references 226
micro-speech application
reference link 134
micro speech, ML use cases
application overview 135
environment setup 135
ML models, running on microcontrollers 133, 134
microwatt (uW) 8
middleware 38
million instructions per second (MIPS) 48
ML application life cycle 120
ML frameworks and libraries
Common Microcontroller Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) 123
investigating 122
TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers (TFlite-micro) 122
TinyML 123
ML on edge devices, use cases 5
vibration and motion 5
vision applications 6
voice and sound 5
ML use cases
anomaly detection 124
exploring 123
image classification 129
micro speech 133
model evaluation phase 121
model integration phase 122
model training phase 120
motor control functions 30
M-Profile Vector Extension (MVE) 6
multi-architecture support
multi-core Pico 224
reference link 224
multilingual blinky, Raspberry Pi Pico
reference link 225
multipass 62
multiply-accumulates (MACs) 127
multi-project workspace view 150
M Vector Extensions (MVE) 136
MVE support
enabling 73
N
NarrowBand-IoT (NB-IoT) antenna 21
near-field communication (NFC) 20
Nested Vector Interrupt Controller (NVIC) 29
neural network (NN) 6, 30, 121
neural processing unit (NPU) 7, 126
ngrok package
reference link 201
node size 8
NoMachine tool 219
non-secure hello world
versus secure hello world 148, 149
Non-Secure Processing Environment (NSPE) 158
non-secure state
secure function, calling from 155-158
NXP 42
NXP LPC55S69-EVK
NXP LPC55S69-EVK, with Cortex-M33
Blinky, running 80
memory mapping 82
startup code 81
O
Open-CMSIS-CDI project 228
reference link 229
open source software (OSS) 36, 49
Open Virtual Platforms (OVP) 49
URL 49
operating system (OS) 26
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) 63
order of magnitude (OOM) 12
P
Pack 227
Parasoft 223
peripherals, development boards factors
availability 22
Cortex-M0 and Cortex-M0+ 20
Cortex-M3 20
Cortex-M4 20
Cortex-M7 20
Cortex-M23 and Cortex-M33 20
selection 22
size 22
software 21
support community 21
temperature range 22
Pigweed 226
reference link 227
Platform Security Architecture (PSA) 13, 32, 141
parts 142
Platform Security Architecture (PSA), stages
Platform Threat Model and Security
reference link 143
pooling functions 31
proportional integral derivative (PID) 30
Protected Storage (PS) 159
PSA, 10 security goals 142-148
PSA certification levels 146-148
hardware attacks 147
security principles 147
software attacks 147
PSA Certified Products
PSA Certified Program Overview - digital whitepaper
reference link 142
PSA Product Certifying
reference link 148
PSA Root of Trust (PSA-RoT) 147
PSA Storage API 1.0
reference link 159
pull 178
pulse width modulation (PWM) 20
push 178
PyPi community
reference link 130
Q
quaternion functions 30
Quick Emulator (QEMU) 49
URL 49
R
r15 register 153
radio frequency (RF) 20
random-access memory (RAM) 134
Cortex-M0+, using 85
examples 224
micro-ROS 225
multi-core Pico 224
multilingual blinky 225
USB microphone 225
Raspberry Pi Pico, with Cortex-M0+
startup code 93
UARTs, using for I/O mechanisms 94
Raspberry Pi Pico with Cortex-M0+, I/O mechanisms
program, loading with debugger 91, 92
read-only memory (ROM) 19
real-time operating system (RTOS) 21, 48, 136
Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) 31
Remote.It tool 219
Renode 49
URL 49
replicability, of software development 60
reset handler 73
Robot Operating System (ROS) 225
URL 225
root mean square (RMS) 30
RoT service connection test
RT-Thread
reference link 27
S
safe software
implementing 33
Safety Integrity Levels (SILs) 14
scalar 10
SDKs, lower-level considerations
debugging tools 40
host platform support 40
IDE 40
long-term support 41
SDKs, installing 41
software examples 39
software reuse 39
secure boot execution 158
secure function
calling, from non-secure state 155-158
secure function ID (SID) 163
secure hardware, PSA
creating 146
secure hello world
versus non-secure hello world 148, 149
Secure Partition Manager (SPM) 158
Secure Processing Environment (SPE) 158
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 38
secure software 32
Platform Security Architecture (PSA) 32
Trusted firmware for Cortex-M (TF-M) 33
secure software, PSA
creating 146
secure system, PSA
creating 146
Security Attribution Unit (SAU) 74, 149
security states
simplicity, of software development 60
Singular Value Decomposition Filter (SVDF) 31, 136
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 121
SoC, selecting guide
reference link 146
softmax functions 31
software
selecting 146
software attacks 143
software-centric development platforms 46
cloud computing 49
development boards 46
host code development 49
remote access, to physical IoT boards 50
virtual IoT board 50
software development kit (SDK) 21, 36
build system 39
cloud connectors 38
development tools 38
installing 41
language bindings 37
lower-level considerations 39
middleware 38
NXP 42
purpose 37
Raspberry Pi Pico 41
security and encryption 38
ST 42
software stacks, use cases
example 34
industrial flow sensor 34
IoT sensor 35
medical wearable 34
ML 35
Software Test Libraries (STLs) 14
speech recognition example, machine learning 226
reference link 226
ST 42
static power consumption 8
static random-access memory (SRAM) 18, 32
statistical functions 30
supervised learning (SL) 30, 121
support functions 30
Support Vector Machine (SVM) 30, 121
systems on chip (SoC) 57
selecting 146
system tests 197
System Tick Timer (SysTick) 29, 100-102
registers 100
System Time Tick (SysTick) 29, 82
T
technology 8
technology products design
reference link 236
TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers (TFlite-micro) 122
reference link 31
TF-M build instructions
reference link 160
TF-M code 159
TF-M, component
secure boot 158
secure core 158
secure services 159
TF-M Cryptographic Secure (TF-M Crypto) 159
TF-M Initial Attestation Service 159
TF-M, new platform adding
reference link 165
TF-M platforms
reference link 165
TF-M services
reference link 159
TF-M test suite
RoT service connection test, analyzing 163-165
running, on Corstone-300 FVP 162
three-dimensional (3D) space 30
tightly coupled memory (TCM) 5
TinyML 123
tips, for Cortex-M software developer
cloud 218
code 224
code bases 226
code coverage 220
examples 224
machine learning examples 226
official Arm projects 228
Raspberry Pi Pico examples 224
tools 226
tips, for Cortex-M software resources 226
transform functions 30
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 38
Trusted firmware for Cortex-M (TF-M) 33
download link 33
Trusted Firmware-M (TF-M) 20, 32, 142, 158, 159
TrustZone 4
U
unit tests 196
Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitters (UARTs) 77
using, for I/O mechanisms 94
Universal Serial Bus (USB) 20, 27
unsupervised learning (SL) 121
USB microphone, Raspberry Pi Pico 225
reference link 225
V
VectorCAST 223
vectorization
on Cortex-M55 and Cortex-M85 228
VirtualBox 62
virtual desktop
virtual farms
used, for replacing board farm 196, 197
virtual IoT boards 50
virtual machine (VM) 41, 50, 139
Virtual Network Computing (VNC) 125, 188
virtual platform 47
technologies, listing 48
types 48
virtual private network (VPN) 50
Virtual Streaming Interface (VSI) 138
Visual Studio Code (VS Code) 40, 58, 168
extensions 58
reference link 181
used, for integrating dev containers 180-182
using, via github.dev 169, 170
W
Web 3.0 235
Windows 61
workspace image 175
Z
Zephyr
reference link 27