Index

Accountability, 20

Acura, 32, 105, 108

All-steel auto body, 98–99

American Business Abroad: Ford on Six Continents (1964), 18

American Motors (AMC), 23–24

Amino, 117–118, 125

ArcelorMittal, 65, 104–108, 110

S-In-Motion project, 121–125

ASEAN, 44

Assemblers, 2, 4, 10, 13, 15–16, 20, 43, 45, 49, 56, 58, 63, 68, 127, 136–138

Audi, 10, 33–34, 44–45, 52, 87, 140

Auto Pact (2005), 43, 136

Automobile industry

business model, 19th century, 12–17

early years, 7–11

engineering operations, 36

initial ventures, 11–12

innovation diffusion, 116–117, 125

learning by doing, 49

oligopoly market, 18–21

Automotive News PACE Awards

BorgWarner, 87–89

criteria, 69–70

Delphi, 84–87

examples, 70–72

Federal-Mogul, 82–84

innovation analysis, 72–78

 

Bacon, Roger, 7

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), 56–57, 62, 97

Beijing Auto Show 2016, 57

Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation (BAIC), 52, 56, 60

Benz, Karl, 7, 11–12

“Big Three.” see GM (General Motors, Chrysler and Ford Motor Company)

“Black Belts,” 131

Bland styles, 24

Block Exemption, 42

BMW, 32, 33, 44–45, 64, 69, 87

Boosterism, 17

BorgWarner, 79, 87–89, 113, 115

Bosch, 12, 35–36

Bosch, Robert, 12

Brands/branding, 3, 19–20, 27, 30–32, 34, 42, 50, 56–57, 60–61, 64, 66, 82, 130–132, 140

Budd Company, 19

Buick, 10, 19, 54, 63

Buick Sail, 54

Business models, 2–3, 12–13, 17–18, 20, 93, 110, 116, 125

BYD, 3, 56

 

Cadillac, 10, 19

Canada, 23, 36, 38–39, 43–44, 47–48, 90, 102, 107, 119, 124, 133–134, 136, 141

Car companies, 1, 3, 13–14, 16–17, 26, 34, 36, 42, 44, 65, 76–77, 99–100, 107, 118, 124, 133

Carriage trade, 7, 12, 133

CATIA, 113

Chandler, Alfred, 20

Chery, 3, 56

Chevrolet, 10, 18–19, 65

Chevy, 32

China, 3–4, 28, 34–36, 45–46, 47, 96, 119, 124, 127, 130–131, 133, 140, 142

distorted market, 55–57

distribution, 63–64

growth of auto industry, 49–50

joint ventures, 54–55

origin, vehicle production, 50–54

parts suppliers, 58–59

political economy, 63

technology, use of, 59–63

China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), 57, 63

Chrysler, 10, 18–19, 21, 23, 26, 38, 46, 87, 133–134, 141

Chrysler, Walter, 10

Citroën, 1, 14, 49, 52, 141

CO2 emissions, 71, 74, 95

Commercial strategy, 2, 8, 11–12, 57, 61, 70–72, 76–78, 84–85, 87, 91, 93, 108

Compact cars, 23–26, 28

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), 101, 111, 112

Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE), 111, 112, 113, 116

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), 86, 111, 112, 114, 116

Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE), 29, 95–110

Corporate politics, 24

Cosma, 105–108, 122, 124

Crossover utility vehicles (CUVs), 29–32, 61

Curved Dash model, 13

 

da Vinci, Leonardo, 7

Daewoo, 45

Daihatsu, 27

Dealerships, 2, 4, 16, 24, 50, 63–64, 130, 140

Delphi, 35–36, 60, 65, 71, 77, 79, 81, 84–87, 89, 102, 135

Delphi Software Package, 113–114

Detroit Athletic Club, 20

Detroit Institute of Art, 1

Detroit Three, 20–21

end of oligopoly, 23–27, 29, 31

in Canada, 43

quality, 130–131

unionization, 133–135

Diesel, 28–29, 46, 71, 74, 80, 83–84, 88

Digital engineering, 3, 33, 73

Digital manufacturing, 111–125

Distribution, 1, 16, 63–64, 102

Distributors, 1, 65

Divisional autonomy, 20

DMG Mori, 119

Dongfeng Motors, 50, 52–53, 56, 60

Double-parking, 4

DuPont, 20, 99

Durant, Billy, 10, 20

 

East German Trabant, 28

Economies of scale, 23, 27, 30, 35, 37, 41, 47–48, 55, 64, 98

Electric vehicles, 3, 7–8, 11, 61–62, 71, 97, 100

Employment, 2, 6, 53, 58, 66, 127, 134, 136–137, 142

England, 7, 18, 27

Europe, 10, 12–16, 19, 27–31, 33–36, 38–39, 41–42, 46–47, 55, 60, 63–64, 68, 70, 72, 80, 96, 119, 127–130, 133–135, 140–142

 

F&I (finance and insurance), 64

Federal Mogul, 36, 71, 79, 81–83, 89, 113, 114–115

Fiat, 1, 10, 12, 15, 40, 46, 87, 140–141

Finite Element Analysis (FEA), 101, 111, 112

First Automotive Works (FAW), 50–53, 56, 60

Ford Motor Company, 10, 14–15, 20–21, 25–26, 28, 32, 36–38, 40–42, 45, 48, 69, 87, 99–100, 118–119, 124, 133–136

end of classic work structure, 141–141

model T, 14, 18–19

monopoly market (in U.S), 18–19

vertical integration, 135

Ford, Henry, 8, 10, 13–14, 16, 18–19, 133

Four-wheel buggies, 12

France, 7–8, 10, 15, 23, 28, 36, 49, 88, 107, 124

Panhard system, 12

unionization, 140–141

Fringe firms, 28

Fuel efficiency

goals, complications, 96–98

regulation, 95–96

 

GATT, 40, 42

Geely, 46, 56, 59–61

Germany, 7, 10, 12, 29, 34, 36, 41, 45, 54, 70, 88, 119, 137–140

Global markets, 33–34, 44–46, 93

Globalization, 5, 42–43

GM (General Motors), 10, 20–21, 25, 28, 30–31, 38–40, 43, 45, 50, 54–56, 58–59, 61–63, 84, 112–113, 117, 131, 134, 136

vertical integration, 135

Graham-Paige, 23

 

Hino, 27

Honda, 1, 26–27, 32, 45, 65, 87, 95, 104–06, 108–109, 123–124, 130

Horch, August, 10

Hudson, 23

Husky Injection Molding, 119

Hyundai, 27, 32, 35, 87, 124

 

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), 47–49, 55, 62

Innovation, 2–3, 5, 12, 20, 60, 65, 67–78, 79, 83–93, 99–100, 105, 110, 116–117, 125–126, 129

Insurance, 5, 17, 34, 64, 107, 124, 133–134

Insurance Institute of Highway Safety (IIHS), 124

Internal combustion engines (ICEs), 7, 11–12, 20–21

International Motor Vehicle Program (MIT), 27, 127

Invention, 2, 8, 13, 67, 70, 73, 77

inventory, 2, 16–17, 129

Isuzu, 26–27, 138

Italy, unionization, 7, 10, 46, 140–141

 

Japan, 12, 15–16, 19, 25–28, 31, 34–36, 38, 40–42, 44–45, 47–48, 55, 58–59, 64, 72, 92, 96, 107, 117, 119, 124, 140–142

lean production, 128–133

unionization, 137–139

JCI, 35, 58

JD Power’s Initial Quality Survey, 130–131

Job One, 131

John Deere, 87

Joint ventures, 49–50, 52–61, 64–66

“Just-in-time” manufacturing, 17

 

Krafcik, John, 127

 

Lean production/manufacturing, 130–132, 138, 140–141

role of labor, 127–128

Leapfrogging, 62

Levassor, 12

Lexus, 32, 34

Licensing, 5, 28, 40, 52, 59, 89, 93

Lincoln, 32, 118

Local marketing, 2, 16, 41

Local Motors, 3

Luxury brand, 32

 

The Machine that Changes the World, 26, 127

Malaysia, 55, 59

MAN, 87

Management revolutions, 127–142

Manual labor, 128

Manufacturing for Design (MfD), 123

Manufacturing jobs, 1, 93

Manufacturing process management (MPM), 115

Market integration, 42–43

Market niches, 2

Market structure, 28–29

Mass production, 14, 18, 98–99, 127, 133

Materials competition, 95–104

Maxwell, 10

Mazda, 26

McDonnell Douglas aircraft, 119

Mercedes, 29, 32, 38, 42, 45

Metallurgy, 102, 104, 107, 121

Mexico, 38–39, 42–43, 47, 136, 140

labor costs, 34

Mitsubishi Motors, 26–27, 59

Mobility 2.0, 3–4

Model proliferation, 29–32, 35, 37, 127, 132

Monopolistic competition, 2, 29–31

Monopoly, 2, 18–19, 55

 

NAFTA, 28, 35–36, 39, 43–44, 55, 95

Nash, 23

National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI), 92

New technologies, 2–5, 29–32, 44, 70, 79, 93–94, 110, 127–142

management tools, 89–91

Nissan, 15, 26–27, 31, 34, 39, 46, 51, 87, 138

 

OEMs, 76, 82, 84, 96, 102, 105, 111, 113, 116–117, 121, 124–125

Oldsmobile, 13–14, 19

Oligopoly, 2, 18–20

collapse, reasons for, 23–32

Opel, 1, 8, 45, 54

 

Packard, 23, 136

Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC), 60

Peugeot, 13, 15, 141

Plastics injection molding (case study), 119–121

Poland, 39, 142

Pontiac, 19, 118

Porsche, 10–11, 29, 133

Porsche, Ferdinand, 10

Power source, 12

President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), 92

Price leadership, 20

Product cycle, 24, 32, 41, 96–97, 113

Product differentiation, 13, 30, 44, 63

Product integration, 42–43

Product life cycle management (PLCM), 113–116

Product segments, 3, 46, 85

Production costs, 1, 18–20, 53, 91, 132

Production part approval process (PPAP), 122

Production possibilities frontier, 2

Productions systems, 127–142

materials and, 99–100

Products, 24–26, 29, 32, 36, 40, 42–44, 46, 49, 52, 59, 61, 69, 72, 82–83, 86, 88–89, 93–94, 96, 101, 111, 114–116, 119–121, 128, 133, 136

Proton, 59

PSA, 87

 

R&D (Research and Development), 1, 5, 50, 58, 65–66, 68, 73, 79, 81, 85, 89, 91, 93, 107, 127

Rasmussen, Jørgen, 19

Reagan, Ronald, 26

Regulatory change, 28–29

Renault, 23, 27–28, 46, 49, 87, 140

Research-Design-Manufacturing-Sales-Service-Recycling, 116

Retailing, 16–17, 42

Return-on-investment (ROI), 20

 

Safety issues, 2–4, 17, 30, 35, 67, 72–75, 79, 81, 85, 95, 100, 105, 107–109, 111–112, 124

Scientific American, 1, 8–9

SEAT, 28, 140

Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC), 50, 52, 54, 56–57, 60

Shanghai VW (SVW), 53–54

Sheet hydroforming, 117–119

Siemens, 113–114

Six Sigma, 115, 131

Skoda, 28, 140

Sloan, Alfred, 20

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 91–93, 116–119, 125

Small cars, 24, 39, 41, 45, 52, 66, 135

Smaller firms, production strategy, 23–24

Solid Edge® CAD software (Siemens), 114

Special export zones (SEZs), 51

Sport utility vehicles (SUVs), 3, 29–30, 32, 61, 70

Start of production (SOP), 69, 122

State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), 52–53, 60

Steel industry, 19, 96–97, 121

Steel Market Development Institute Roadmap, 113

Steel versus aluminum, 102–104

Streetcars, 7, 13, 17

Studebaker, 23

Subaru, 27, 36

Suburbanization, 7

Supply chain, 63, 67–78, 79, 91, 93, 101–102, 104–105, 110, 111, 113, 116, 120–122, 136, 142

Suppliers, 1–5, 14–15, 17, 33–38, 40, 44–45, 49, 53–54, 58–63, 65, 67–69, 71–72, 76–78, 79–84, 87, 89, 91–93, 95, 101–102, 105, 109–110, 111–112, 116, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 131–132, 135–139, 141

Suzuki, 27, 36

 

Tacit knowledge, 4

Technology, 1–21, 45, 49, 52, 59–63, 65, 67–68, 78–79, 81, 87–93, 96–97, 104–105, 107–109, 117–119, 124, 127

Technology roadmaps, 68, 79–81, 85, 89, 108

ArcelorMittal, 107–108

Door Ring project, 104–107

Honda, 108–109

Magna Cosma, 108

Tesla, 3, 17, 57

Thailand, 44, 55

Tier I supplier, 101, 105, 116, 125, 131–132

Tier II supplier, 110, 131, 132

Tier III supplier, 110

Toyota, 15–16, 26–27, 31, 34, 45, 87, 103–104, 129–131, 138–139

TQM, 131

Transoceanic trade, 42

 

Unibody architectures, 30, 99–100, 102–103, 106, 121, 124, 132

Unigraphics, 113

Unilateral trade changes, 43–44

Unionization, 133, 135–137

United Auto Workers, 20, 25, 134

United States, 7, 11, 13–14, 16, 25–27, 29–31, 33–35, 37–39, 42–46, 47–48, 50, 52, 57, 60, 63–65, 68, 72, 81, 90, 92, 102, 107, 120, 124, 127, 129–131, 133–134, 138, 142

unionization, 135–137

Urban dealers, 16

Usinor, 121

USSR, 50

 

Value chain, 1–3, 5, 13, 49, 68, 120, 125, 127, 129–130

Vehicle designs, 17, 101, 111

Vehicle identification numbers (VINs), 17

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), 4

Venture capital, 10

Virtual car, 31, 101

Volkswagen (VW), 1, 10, 28–29, 34, 40–41, 45, 49–50, 52–54, 56, 59, 62–63, 65, 87, 139–141

MBQ system, 45

Voluntary export restraint (VER), 26, 35

Volvo, 42, 46, 50, 61, 63, 141

 

Welding robots, 31

Willys Overland, 10, 23

Workplace environment, 128, 134, 137

World War I (WWI), 18

World War II (WWII), 15, 23