60 4. CHALLENGING PROBLEMS OF FAKE NEWS DETECTION
4.1.3 A PROPAGATION-PATH MODELING APPROACH
user characteristics
A D fa
1
; a
2
; ; a
N
g a
i
† d D j†j U D fu
1
; ; u
n
g
u
i
2 R
k
P.a
i
/ D< ; .u
j
; t /; >
.
u
j
; t / u
j
a
i
P.a
i
; T / D< x
i
; t < T >
Source Tweet Retweet
User Vectors
Label
Hidden
ConcatenationPooling Pooling
S
R
u
1
u
2
. . . u
n
h
2
h
1
h
n
f
1
f
2
f
n
S
C
GRU GRU GRU CNN CNN CNN
Building Propagation Path
P.a
i
/ a
i
4.1. FAKE NEWS EARLY DETECTION 61
P.a
i
/
n
S.a
i
/ D< u
1
; ; u
n
> n P.a
i
/ P.a
i
/
n S.a
i
/ P.a
i
/ n
P.a
i
/ S.a
i
/ n
Learning Path Representations
h
t
t
< h
1
; ; h
n
>
s
R
D
1
n
P
n
tD1
h
t
U
tWtCh1
D< u
t
; ; u
tCh1
> t
h S.a
i
/ U
tWtCh1
c
t
c
t
D ReLU.W
f
U
tWtCh1
C b
f
/;
ReLU b
f
c
t
c
t
k
f
t
< f
1
; ; f
nhC1
>
s
C
D
1
n
P
nhC1
tD1
f
t
Predicting Fake News
a D Œs
R
; s
C
a q
I
j
D ReLU.W
j
I
j 1
C b
j
/; 8j 2 Œ1; ; q
y D softmax.I
q
/;
q I
j
j
th
y
..................Content has been hidden....................
You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.