Endnotes

  1. 1. Edwards, A. (1991, January). The enlightened manager. Working Woman, 45–51.

  2. 2. Allport, G. W., and Odbert, H. S. (1933). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47, 171–220.

  3. 3. Loden, M., and Rosener, J. B. (1991). Workforce America, 18. Homewood, IL: Irwin; Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2014). What are employee networks and should they be a part of our diversity initiative? www.shrm.org/diversity; Balimoria, D., Joy, S., and Liang, X. (2008). Breaking barriers and creating inclusiveness. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 423–442; Huffman, A. H., Watrous-Rodriguez, K. M., and King, E. B. (2008). Supporting a diverse workforce. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 237–254; Wong, S. (2008). Diversity—making space for everyone at NASA. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 389–401.

  4. 4. Rosen, R. H. (2000). Global literacies. New York: Simon & Schuster; Lynnes, K. S. (2002). Finding the key to the executive suite: Challenges for women and people of color. In R. Sitzer (Ed.), The 21st Century Executive, 229–274. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

  5. 5. Fortune (2014). Best companies for Asian, Black, and Hispanic employees. www.fortune.com.

  6. 6. Ibid.

  7. 7. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2014). Diversity training. www.shrm.org/diversity.

  8. 8. www.diversityinc.com. (2014).

  9. 9. Heriot, G. (2008, April 28). The ABA’s “diversity” diktat. Wall Street Journal, A-19; Dass, P., and Parker, B. (1999). Strategies for managing human resource diversity: From resistance to learning. The Academy of Management Executive, 13(2), 68–80; White, J. E. (1999, August 23). Affirmative action’s Alamo. Time, 48; Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2014). How is a diversity initiative different from my organization’s affirmative action plan? www.shrm.org/diversity.

  10. 10. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2014). Where HR meets the world: How should my organization define diversity? www.shrm.org/diversity.

  11. 11. Society for Human Resource Management (2014). Diversity management. www.shrm.org; Population profile in the United States. www.census.gov. Accessed 2014.

  12. 12. Coy, T. (2010, May 9). The wailing wall. BusinessWeek, 31–32; Bureau of Labor Statistics, Economic Surveys (2015). Data and reports. www.lib.gsu.edu; Dougherty, C. (2008, August 7). U.S. minorities surge in metropolitan areas. Wall Street Journal, A-4; Dougherty, C. (2008, July 19). The end of white flight. Wall Street Journal, A-1; Dougherty, C. (2008, August 14). Nonwhites to be majority in US by 2042. Wall Street Journal, A-6; Roberts, S. (2008, May 1). Rise in minorities is led by children, census finds. New York Times, A-1.

  13. 13. Dougherty, C. (2008, August 7). U.S. minorities surge in metropolitan areas. Wall Street Journal, A-4; Roberts, S. (2008, May 1). Rise in minorities is led by children, census finds. New York Times, A-1.

  14. 14. Navarro, M. (2008, March 31). Who are we? New dialogue on mixed race. New York Times, A-1.

  15. 15. Cohn, V. (2010, August). Recent reading about census topics. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2010/08/17/recent-reading-about-census-topics/. Accessed 2014.

  16. 16. Roberts, S. (2008, May 1). Rise in minorities is led by children, census finds. New York Times, A-1.

  17. 17. El Nasser, H., and Overberg, P. (2010, August 27). Ethnicity shifts in youngest classes. USA Today, A-2.

  18. 18. Cohn, V. (2010, September). New unauthorized immigration estimates for the U.S. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2010/09/01/new-unauthorized-immigration-estimates-for-the-u-s/. Accessed 2014.

  19. 19. El Nasser, H. (2011, March 15). Hispanic population outpaced estimates. USA Today, 3-A.

  20. 20. Fortune (2008).

  21. 21. http://census.personaltrends.org. Accessed 2014.

  22. 22. www.diversityinc.com. (2014).

  23. 23. www.diversityinc.com. Accessed 2011.

  24. 24. www.catalyst.org. Accessed March 2014.

  25. 25. Bell, M. P., and Kravitz, D. A. (2008). What do we know and need to learn about diversity education and training. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 7(3), 301–308.

  26. 26. Ibid.

  27. 27. Balimoria, D., Joy, S., and Liang, X. (2008). Breaking barriers and creating inclusiveness. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 423–442; Cappell, K. (2008, May 12). Cell phones from the street. BusinessWeek, 16; Huffman, A. H., Watrous-Rodriguez, K. M., and King, E. B. (2008). Supporting a diverse workforce. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 237–254; Metz, I., and Kulik, C. T. (2008). Making public organizations more inclusive. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 369–388; Roberts, S. (2008, May 1). Rise in minorities is led by children, census finds. New York Times, A-1; Williamson, I. O., Slay, H. S., Shapiro, D., and Shivers-Blackwell, S. L. (2008). The effect of explanations on prospective applicants’ reactions to firm diversity practices. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 389–400; Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2014). How can the results of our initiative be measured? www.shrm.org/diversity.

  28. 28. Kanter, R. M. (1983). The change masters, 52. New York: Simon & Schuster.

  29. 29. Author’s files.

  30. 30. Sheppard, C. R. (1964). Small groups, 118. San Francisco: Chandler; Gómez-Mejía, L. R., and Balkin, D. B. (2013). Management. N. J.: Prentice Hall.

  31. 31. Gómez-Mejía, L. R., and Balkin, D. B. (2013). Management. N. J.: Prentice Hall.

  32. 32. Ibid.

  33. 33. www.diversityinc.com. Accessed 2014.

  34. 34. Ely, R. (2004). A field study of group diversity, participation in diversity education programs, and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 755–780.

  35. 35. Wong, (2008). Diversity—making space for everyone at NASA. Human Resource Management, 389.

  36. 36. Fine, M. C., Johnson, P. L., and Regan, S. M. (1990). Cultural diversity in the workplace. Public Personnel Management, 19(3), 305–319 (p. 307). See also Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2014). How is a diversity initiative different from my organization’s affirmative action plan? www.shrm.org/diversity.

  37. 37. Wong, S. (2008). Diversity—making space at NASA. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 389–400; Cruz, C., Gómez-Mejía, L. R., and Becerra, M. (2010). CEO-TMT perceived benevolence in family firms. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 21–32; Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., and Bell, M. P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 96–107.

  38. 38. Fine, M. C., Johnson, P. L., and Regan, S. M. (1990). Cultural diversity in the workplace. Public Personnel Management, 19(3), 305–319 (p. 307).

  39. 39. www.diversityinc.com. (2014); Merritt, J. (2002, March 11). Guess who’s pushing a bold plan for diversity? Big business. BusinessWeek, 56–58.

  40. 40. Manley, S. (2010). Managing diversity and equality in construction. Construction Management and Economics, 28(1), 103–105; www.diversityinc.com. (2011).

  41. 41. Dwyer, P., and Cuneo, A. (1991, July 8). The “other minorities” demand their due. BusinessWeek, 60; Pimentel, R. O. (2002, January 1). For Latinos, 2001 played tag with issues, emotions. Arizona Republic, A-18.

  42. 42. Roberts, S. (2005, February 21). More Africans enter U.S. than in the days of slavery. New York Times, A-1.

  43. 43. El Nasser, H., and Overberg, P. (2010, Aug. 27). Ethnicity shifts in youngest classes. USA Today, A-2. Cloud, J. (2008, June 30). Not separate, just equal. Time, B13; Dougherty, C. (2008, July 19). The end of white flight. Wall Street Journal, A-1; Kaufman, J. (2008, April 28). Rethinking racial progress. Wall Street Journal, B-5; Tedeschi, B. (2008, April 14). Beaming online services toward blacks. New York Times, C-3; Hamilton, A., and Bailey, P. (2005, January 17). Recharging the mission. Time, 5–51.

  44. 44. Paltrow, S. J. (2002, January 9). Life of Georgia nears settlement over race bias. Wall Street Journal, C-1; Crockett, R. V. (2005, February 21). How the NAACP could get its clout back. BusinessWeek, 18.

  45. 45. Cave, D., and Sexton, C. D. (2008, March 27). Florida legislature apologizes for state’s history of slavery. New York Times, A-1.

  46. 46. Levere, J. L. (2013). Marriott ties in with “42,” New York Times, www.nytimes.com.

  47. 47. El Nasser, H., and Overberg, P. (2010, Aug. 27). Ethnicity shifts in youngest classes. USA Today, A-2; Berstein, A. (2002, February 25). The time bomb in the workforce: Illiteracy. BusinessWeek, 122.

  48. 48. Kaufman, J. (2008, April 28). Rethinking racial progress. Wall Street Journal, B-5.

  49. 49. Ibid.

  50. 50. BusinessWeek. (2008, October 13). Tougher times for black families, 16.

  51. 51. Zielinski, D. (2014). Bias affects evaluation and hiring of minority leaders. www.shrm.org; Wall Street Journal. (2002, April 8). The good news on race, A-26; Koretz, G. (2001, September 3). Giant strides for U.S. blacks. BusinessWeek, 28; Hamilton, A., and Bailey, P. (2005, January 17). Recharging the mission. Time, 5–51.

  52. 52. Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2011). How is a diversity initiative different from my organization’s affirmative action plan? www.shrm.org/diversity.

  53. 53. Kaufman, J. (2008, April 28). Rethinking racial progress. Wall Street Journal, B-5.

  54. 54. El Nasser, H., and Overberg, P. (2010, Aug. 27). Ethnicity shifts in youngest classes. USA Today, A-2; Dougherty, C. (2008, August 7). U.S. minorities surge in metropolitan areas. Wall Street Journal, A-4; Dougherty, C. (2008, August 14). Nonwhites to be majority in US by 2042. Wall Street Journal, A-6.

  55. 55. Marosi, R. (2002, March 11). Study finds deadly spike in racial violence against Asian Americans. Arizona Republic, A-18.

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  57. 57. L H Research national phone poll. (1994, March 4). Chattanooga Times, 1.

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  59. 59. Wong, J. (1996, February 9). Asian women migrant workers suffering abuse. Wall Street Journal, A-7.

  60. 60. Evans, K. (2008, May 27). New visa curbs hit seasonal employees. Wall Street Journal, C-1.

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  62. 62. www.ada.gov. (2014). Information and technical assistance on the American with Disabilities Act; Legnick-Hall, M. L., Gaunt, P. M., and Kulkarni, M. (2008). Overlooked aid under utilized, people with disabilities are an untapped human resource. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 255–274; Zhang, J. (2008, June 4). Lawsuits test Disability Act. Wall Street Journal, D-1; Weber, J. (1988, June 6). Social issues: The disabled. BusinessWeek, 140; Savage, D. G. (2002, March). Wordaday rulings. ABA Journal, 34–35.

  63. 63. Koss-Feder, L. (1999, January 25). Able to work. Time, 25–30; Savage, D. G. (2002, March). Wordaday rulings. ABA Journal, 34–35.

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  67. 67. Koss-Feder, L. (1999, January 25). Able to work. Time, 25–30.

  68. 68. Savage, D. G. (2002, March). Wordaday rulings. ABA Journal, 34–35.

  69. 69. Society for Human Resource Management (2014). Diversity Management. www.shrm.org; Thornburgh, N. (2010, June 14). The battle for Arizona. Time, 39–42.

  70. 70. Washington Post. (2014). Immigrant activists work to shape national debate through rallies, marches, sit ins. www.washingtonpost.com; Elliott, M. (2010, June 14). A fresh look at immigration: What happens when the ‘best and brightest’ leave home to find their fortunes? Fortune, 56–57; Chrysostome, E., and Lui, X. (2010, March/April). Immigrant entrepreneurship: Scrutinizing a promising type of business. Thunderbird International Business Review, 52(2), 77–86; Berfield, S. (2008, January 14). Illegals and business: A glimpse of the future. BusinessWeek, 52; Briefing. (2008, February 25). Immigration. Time, 8; Briefing. (2008, April 14). Immigration: 21.8 million. Time, 23; Capuzzo, J. P. (2008, February 6). Connecticut City plans to team its police with federal immigration agents. New York Times, A-18; Herbert, M. (2008, March 17). Guess who is getting the most work visas? BusinessWeek, G2–G3; Jordan, M. (2008, June 6). Factories turn to refugee workers. Wall Street Journal, A-1; Jordan, M. (2008, April 17). Crackdown on illegal immigrants spurs backlash among locals. Wall Street Journal, A-1; Jordan, M. (2008, July 31). U.S. to promote “self-deportation.” Wall Street Journal, A-2; Jordan, M. (2008, June 26). State Farm sponsors Hispanic voting drive. Wall Street Journal, A-16; Jordan, M. (2008, February 1). Arizona seizes spotlight in U.S. immigration debate. Wall Street Journal, A-1; Jordan, M., and Dougherty, C. (2008, September 23). Immigration slows in the face of economic downturn. Wall Street Journal, A-12; Rosales, R. (2008, February 5). Immigration misfire. Wall Street Journal, B-2; Rubiner, B. (2008, June 16). A crackdown’s unintended consequences. Time, 6; Preston, J. (2008, April 1). Visa application opens for highly skilled workers. New York Times, A-15; Von Drehle, D. (2008, June 30). A new land in the sand. Time, 31–36; Day, N. E., and Greene, P. G. (2008). A case of sexual orientation diversity management in small and large organizations. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 637–654.

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  73. 73. Golden, D. (2002, April 2). Some community colleges fudge facts to attract foreign students. Wall Street Journal, B-1.

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  76. 76. Bernstein, N. (2005, February 17). Caught between parents and the law. New York Times, A-24.

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  81. 81. For a critical discussion of the higher figure, see Muir, J. G. (1993, March 31). Homosexuals and the 10% fallacy. Wall Street Journal, A13.

  82. 82. www.diversityinc.com. (2015).

  83. 83. Freedman, S. G. (2008, April 19). Gay men breaking ground at Jewish seminary. New York Times, A-15.

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  137. 137. Ibid.

  138. 138. Fortune. (2014). www.fortune.com.

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  154. 154. Goldstein, J. (2008, April 29). As doctors get a life, streams show. Wall Street Journal, A-14; Root, L. S., and Wooten, L. (2008). Time out for family: Shift work, fathers and sports. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 481–500; Ryan, A. M., and Kossek, E. E. (2008). Work–life policies implementation: Breaking down or creating barriers to inclusiveness. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 295–310; Bond, J. T., Galinsky, E., and Hill, E. J. (2005, February). Flexibility: A key ingredient in creating an effective work place. Workspan, 17–22.

  155. 155. Newman, A. M. (2002, February). Fair shares. Working Woman, 64–71.

  156. 156. Based on Symonds, M. (2013). Women in business school: Why so few? www.businessweek.com; Kelan, E. K., and Jones, R. D. (2010). Gender and the MBA. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 9(1), 26–44; Goldstein, J. (2008, April 29). As doctors get a life, streams show. Wall Street Journal, A-14; Root, L. S., and Wooten, L. (2008). Time out for family: Shift work, fathers and sports. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 481–500; Ryan, A. M., and Kossek, E. E. (2008). Work–life policies implementation: Breaking down or creating barriers to inclusiveness. Human Resource Management, 47(2), 295–310; Shellenbarger, S. (2008, July 8). Women on maternity leave could lose out on some pay. Wall Street Journal, D-1; Shellenbarger, S. (2008, August 20). The mommy MBA: Schools try to attract more women. Wall Street Journal, C-1; Goodstein, J. D. (1994). Institutional pressures and strategic responsiveness: Employer involvement in work–family issues. Academy of Management Journal, 37(2), 350–383; Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM). (2009). How can the results of our initiative be measured? www.shrm.org/diversity.

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  163. 163. Thornburgh, N. (2010, June 14). The battle for Arizona, Time, 39–42; Spencer, S., Logel, C., and Davies, P. G. (2011, January). Stereotype threat. Annual Review of Psychology, 200–322; Carvajal, D. (2008, September 10). Europe takes aim at sexual stereotyping in ads. New York Times, C–2.

  164. 164. Based on Symonds, M. (2013). Women in business school: Why so few? www.businessweek.com; Tyson, L. D. (2005, March 28). What Larry Summers got right. BusinessWeek, 24.

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