- ACO, 311, 312
- Activation function, defined, 139
- Adaptation function, 141
- Adaptive coefficient, defined, 138
- Adaptive intelligence, 23
- ADR, 302, 307, 309, 318, 319
- Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), 64
- AED (automated external defibrillator), 354
- AGC (automatic generation control), fuzzy logic and, 123
- Agriculture, 254
- AI, 304, 305
- AI. see Artificial intelligence (AI)
- Air conditioners for the laptop area (CRACS), 74
- Alleles,
- defined, 124
- random values, 124
- Ambubot, 354
- Ambulance section, 361–362
- Ambulance selection, 362
- Ambulance(s),
- advance warning system for, 355
- bariatric, 351
- bookings (see smart ambulance booking and tracking systems)
- bus, 351
- charity, 351
- design, 351
- emergency, 351–352
- intelligent traffic signal control, 353, 354–356
- IoT for, 355
- oxygen cylinder facility, 351
- patient transport, 351
- robot (Ambubot), 354
- AND network, 136–137
- Android, 371, 372
- Android application, 355, 356, 365
- ANNs. see artificial neural networks (ANNs)
- App, smart ambulance booking and tracking, 353, 356–358
- Applications,
- AI, 10, 21–23
- ANNs, 144–145
- genetic algorithm, 127
- IoT technologies, 17
- of IIoT, 19–20
- Applications, IoT, 352–353
- Applications of AI in the aviation industry, 220
- Artificial intelligence, 95
- Artificial intelligence (AI), IoT and, 5–15
- AI concept, 6–10
- applications, 10, 21–23
- development of, 9
- IoT concept, 10–15
- operationalizing, benefits of, 9
- overview, 5–6
- principle of, 8
- solutions, 7
- Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT), 17
- Artificial neural networks (ANNs),
- applications, 144–145
- back propagation algorithm, 133, 134–135
- biological neuron, 128, 129–130
- examples of,
- AND operations, 136–137
- OR operation, 137
- XOR operation, 137, 138
- feedforward network, 132–133
- formal definition of, 130–131
- forward propagation, 133–134
- key components of, 138–141
- error function and backpropagated value, 141
- learning function, 141
- output function–competition, 140–141
- scaling and limiting, 140
- summation function, 138–136
- transfer function, 139–140
- weighting factors, 138
- learning laws,
- delta rule, 143–144
- gradient descent rule, 144
- Hebb’s rule, 143
- Hopfield law, 143
- Kohonen’s learning law, 144
- learning rates, 142–143
- Mcculloch-Pitts model, 131, 136, 137
- overview, 120, 121, 128–129
- precise forecasting of price, advantages of, 145
- recurrent networks, 132–133, 135–136
- restructured power system, 144–145
- Rosenblatt’s perceptron, 131–132
- training, 141–142
- supervised, 142
- unsupervised, 142
- Artificial neuron “temperature,” 140
- Artificial neuron error, 141
- ARTIK, 46
- Assaults, 32, 36–41, 43–46
- Attack, 32, 35, 37–45, 48–50, 53
- Auditory perception, 7
- Authenticity, 33
- Automatic generation control (AGC), fuzzy logic and, 123
- Autonomic computing, 356
- Autonomous cars, 10
- Availability, 33, 41, 43
- AWS IoT, 47
- Axons, 129
- AZURE IoT, 47
- Back propagation, 378
- Back propagation algorithm, in ANNs, 133, 134–135
- Backpropagated value, component of ANN, 141
- Bacterial foraging optimization, 123
- Baggage tracking, 254
- Bariatric ambulance, 351
- Barriers to IoT implementation, 215
- Battery energy storage system (BESS), 123
- Benefits of industrial IoT, 326
- Big data, 6
- analytics, illustration, 2, 3
- delivering operational control possibilities, 4
- driving technology of IoT, 13–14
- IoT technologies with, 17
- Biological neuron, 128, 129–130
- Blockchain, 42, 51
- Blockchain technology, IoT and, 15
- Bluetooth technology, 12, 13
- Boiler temperature sensor, in factory, 16
- Boltzmann machines, 136
- Bookings, ambulance. see smart ambulance booking and tracking systems
- Building interactive robot systems, by AI technologies, 7
- Building management systems (BMS), 74
- Building on the lessons of 2020, 332
- Bus-type ambulance, 351
- Cancer studies, AI and, 8, 10
- Cars,
- autonomous, 10
- connection to, illustration, 13
- Challenges of wide-spread IIoT implementation, 329
- Charity ambulance, 351
- Cloud computing, 21–22, 371, 390, 391
- infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), 92
- knowledge discovery process, 95
- platform-as-a-service (PaaS), 92
- software-as-a-service (SaaS), 92
- Cloud networking, system of, 353
- Cloud server, 369, 373, 374
- Commercial IoT, 322
- Communication,
- by proximity field, 12
- IoT devices, 13, 14f
- machine-to-machine, 17
- online, 18
- through technologies, 10
- Comparison of wearable antenna designs, 168
- Competition, component of ANN, 140–141
- Computing process, 192
- cloud computing, 194–195
- distributed computing, 195–196
- edge computing, 194
- fog computing, 192–194
- Confidentiality, 33, 36, 41, 43, 47, 50
- Confirmation of booking, 363
- Connected terminal units (RTUs), 67
- Constrained application protocol (CoAP), 185–186
- Consumer IoT, 322
- Convolutional neural network (CNN), 283, 284
- Coronavirus with IoT, can coronavirus be restrained?, 345
- Correlation parameters, 377
- Crossover, GA and, 124
- Cryptography, 39, 46–48
- Current technologies in aviation industry, 216
- Cyber physical systems, 90
- Cyber security, 7, 32, 46
- DarkNet, 292, 293
- Data collection,
- Data protocols, 185
- Data science, AI and, 8, 9
- Data storage, 191–192
- DDoS, 41, 43, 45
- Declining demand for new projects/devices/services, 342
- Decreased interest in consumer IoT devices, 338
- Deep learning (DL), 5
- Delta rule, 143–144
- Dendrites, 129
- Deployment of IoT applications, 218
- Design of wearable antennas,
- effect of substrate and ground geometries on antenna design, 154–159
- embroidered antenna, 159–160
- logo antennas, 159
- wearable antenna based on electromagnetic band gap, 160–161
- wearable reconfigurable antenna, 161–162
- DHT11 sensor, 289
- Digital diagnostics, 323
- Digital divide widens, 343
- Digital security, 15
- Digital services, smart ambulance booking and tracking systems using IoT for. see Smart ambulance booking and tracking systems
- Digital twins help with scenario planning, 339
- Digital twins, 23–24
- Disaster predication, 101, 103
- Distributed energy resources (DER), 68
- Distribution management system (DMS), 68, 80
- DM, 302, 304, 307, 308, 319
- ECDH, 46
- Ecosystem, IoT, 15–21
- Edge computing, 52
- EDP, cost function of, 128
- Effects of COVID-19 on industrial manufacturing, 332
- Electric vehicle (EV), 64
- Electrical airline logbook, 254
- Emergency ambulance, 351–352
- Emergency vehicle warning system, 355
- Energy consumption regulators, 16
- Energy management system (EMS), 68
- Error function, component of ANN, 141
- Euclidean distance, 379
- Expert systems, AI and, 8
- Facility management, IoT sensors, 19–20
- Feedforward network, 132–133
- Fiber optics, 13
- Fibroblasts, 206–207, 212
- Fog computing, 52
- Forward propagation, in ANN, 133–134
- Fractal antennas,
- antenna design with defected semi-elliptical ground plane, 172
- development of embroidered Sierpinski carpet antenna, 172–173
- double-fractal layer wearable antenna, 172
- Minkowski fractal geometries using wearable electro-textile antennas, 171
- Fractional order fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (FOFPID) controller, 123
- Frequency vector, 377
- Fuel emissions, 258
- Fuel reduction, 276
- Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 210
- Fuzzy logic, 120–123
- AGC, 123
- basics, 122
- microgrid wind, 123
- overview, 120–121
- power system and, 122
- Fuzzy sets, 121
- GA, 308, 309
- GC IoT, 48
- GENCO, 145
- General packet radio service (GPRS), 79
- Generation rate constraint (GRC), 145
- Genes, 124
- Genetic algorithm (GA),
- application, 127
- crossover, 124–126
- economic dispatch using, 128
- important aspects, 124–126
- overview, 120, 123–124
- power system and, 127–128
- standard, 126–127
- Global positioning system (GPS), 10, 12, 64, 354, 356
- Gradient descent rule, 144
- Growth of aviation IoT industry, 224
- GSM technology, 354
- Health and safety monitoring, 330
- Health data, 373–375, 384–387
- Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), 74
- Hepatocytes, 210
- HMAC, 48
- Home appliance managers, 16
- Home area network (HAN), 80
- Home page, smart ambulance booking and tracking systems, 360, 361
- Hopfield law, 143
- Hopfield models, 136
- How IIoT is being used, 327
- How is the Internet of Things converting the aviation enterprise?, 216
- How the IoT Is improving the aviation industry, 219
- HPVB (high priority vehicle booking), 366
- Human activities as a source of pollutants, 230
- Human ligament fibroblasts (HLF), 212–213
- Human machine interfaces (HMIs), 67, 68
- Hybrid neuro fuzzy (HNF) controller, 145
- Hybrid particle swarm optimization (HCPSO), 145
- Hydroxyapatite, 204–205, 212
- IIoT. see Industrial internet of things (IIoT)
- IIoT-supported safety for customers reduces liability for businesses, 331
- Image processing technique, 354–355
- Image recognition, 5, 8
- Impact of COVID-19 on IoT applications, 337
- Impact of COVID-19 on specific IoT technologies, 343
- Impact of COVID-19 on technology in general, 341
- Industrial analytics, 21
- Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), 63, 322
- Industrial internet of things (IIoT), in industrial field,
- AI, application of, 21–23
- AI, IoT and, 5–15. see also Artificial intelligence (AI), IoT and
- applications, 19–20
- benefits, 20
- challenges, 20
- Industry 4.0
- concept, 2–4, 18–19, 21–22
- IoT ecosystem, 15–21
- IoT vs., 3
- overview, 2–5
- trends, 23–24
- Information,
- access to, 4–5
- analysis, 17
- collection, 14, 22, 23
- data-generating, 5
- digitized, 2, 4, 18
- exchange of, 11–13, 16, 23
- from sources of public and private data, 7
- technology in industry, 18
- valuable, 19, 20
- Information and communication technology (ICT), 60
- Infrastructure,
- application area of IoT, 352–353, 355
- traffic lights, 353–356
- Infrastructure IoT, 322
- Integrating sensor and camera, 330
- Integrity, 33, 36–37, 41–46
- Intelligent analytics,
- descriptive analytics, 100
- predictive analytics, 100
- prescriptive analytics, 100
- Intelligent edge, 24, 24
- Intelligent traffic signal control, 353–356
- Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), 67
- Internet of Things (IoT), 59, 90, 93, 281, 283, 287, 290
- AI and, 5–15. see also Artificial intelligence (AI), IoT and
- applications, 352–353
- artificial intelligence (AIoT), 17
- concept, 10–15
- defined, 352
- devices, 13, 14
- ecosystem, 15–21
- IIoT vs., 3
- illustration, 11, 12
- industrial. see Industrial internet of things (IIoT)
- smart ambulance booking and tracking systems using (see Smart ambulance booking and tracking systems)
- vehicle illustration, maintenance, 16
- Internet protocol (IP), 69
- Interneuron, strength of, 131
- Interoperability, challenge of IIoT, 20
- Intrusion detection systems (IDS), 68
- Inventory control, IoT sensors, 21
- IoT adoption challenges, 218
- IoT characteristics and measurement parameters, 233
- IoT components, 189–191, 204
- hardware, 190
- middleware, 190
- visualisation, 191
- IoT networks largely unaffected, 343
- IoT packet header, 184
- IoT protocols, 183
- IoT-based multimedia (IoTMM), 61
- IR motion sensor, 292
- Isotropic growth, 209
- KDD, 302, 304
- Keratinocytes, 206
- Knowledge acquisition, AI and, 8
- Knowledge representation methodologies, AI and, 8
- Learning function, component of ANN, 141
- Learning laws, ANNs,
- delta rule, 143–144
- gradient descent rule, 144
- Hebb’s rule, 143
- Hopfield law, 143
- Kohonen’s learning law, 144
- Learning methods,
- Learning rates, ANNs, 142–143
- Least mean square (LMS) learning rule, 144
- LEO (low earth satellites), 75
- Light-emitting diode (LED), 74
- Limbal stem cell, 214
- Limiting technique, component of ANN, 140
- Literature survey, 209
- LoRa-WAN, 32
- LSE, 145
- Machine learning (ML),
- AI and, 5–7
- back propagation, 97
- computer vision, 89, 96
- deep learning, 97
- ensemble learning, 199
- forms of, 8
- natural language programming, 96
- neural network, 199
- reinforcement learning, 96–97, 198
- reward, 98
- supervised learning, 96, 197–198
- unsupervised learning, 96–97, 198
- Machine-to-machine (M2M), 4, 60
- Machine-to-machine communication (M2M), 90
- Main division to apply IoT in aviation, 205
- Major challenges, 199–200
- MATLAB software, 355
- Medicine, AI in, 10
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 202, 205, 210, 213
- Message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT), 187
- Methodology or research design, 217
- Microgrid wind, fuzzy, 123
- Microsensors, 16
- MIMO, 52
- ML, 303, 309
- Mobile data, 13
- Models, neural network,
- Hopfield models, 136
- McCulloch-Pitts model, 131, 136, 137
- Rosenblatt perceptron model, 131–132
- Modern data centers, 191
- MQ3 sensor, 287, 288
- Multi-layer perceptron structure, ANNs, 131–132
- Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), 77
- Murine myoblast cell line, 219
- Mutation, in genetic algorithms, 124
- Myocardium, 210
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 73
- Natural disasters,
- earthquake, 91, 101–103, 106–107, 112
- flood, 104
- forest fires, 91, 104, 107
- hurricane, 91, 110
- landslide, 91, 101, 103, 106–107
- tsunami, 91, 101, 107
- volcano, 91
- Natural language processing (NLP), 5, 6, 8
- Near-field communication (NFC), 74
- Neighborhood area networks (NAN), 80
- Network information service (NIS), 72
- Neural networks, 5, 6
- Neural networks (NNs). see Artificial neural networks (ANNs)
- Neural stem cells, 220
- Neurite outgrowth, 220–221
- Neurites, 220
- Neurons, defined, 128
- New uses for drones, 339
- NODEMCU, 290, 291, 293
- Non-repudiation, 33, 41
- N-point cross over technique, 125
- Oauth, 48
- Online booking system, for ambulance. see Smart ambulance booking and tracking systems Online retailers, 10
- Online translators, 10
- Operational efficiency, 225
- Optimization,
- ant colony optimization, 105
- bacterial foraging, 123
- genetic algorithms, 105
- memetic algorithms, 105
- particle swarm optimization, 105
- problem, soft computing techniques (see Soft computing techniques)
- Optimization in power system, fuzzy logic, 122, 123
- genetic algorithm, 127–128
- precise forecasting of price, ANN and, 145
- OR network, 137
- Osteoprogenitor cells, 205
- Output function, component of ANN, 140–141
- Oxygen cylinder facility, ambulance, 351
- Patient transport ambulance, 351
- Periodic metering units (PMUs), 67
- Periosteum, 203
- Photovoltaic (PV), 79
- Pi camera, 287, 289, 290
- PIR motion sensor, 281, 290
- Plasma treatment, 203
- Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), 70
- Polynomial HMAC algorithm, 374, 379–381, 389–390
- Postsynaptic neurons, 129
- Potential of IoT in coronavirus like disease control, 345
- Power system,
- fuzzy logic and, 122, 123
- genetic algorithm and, 127–128
- precise forecasting of price, ANN and, 145
- Precise forecasting of price, advantages of, 145
- Predictive maintenance, 328
- corrective maintenance, 100
- preventive maintenance, 100, 103
- Predictive maintenance for organizations that do the work, 332
- Predictive maintenance model, 24
- Presynaptic neurons, 129
- Privacy, 32–33, 35–36, 38, 41, 46–47, 51
- Programmable logic controller (PLC), 68
- Protocols, 32, 40, 44, 52
- PSO, 310, 311
- Public key infrastructure (PKI), 42
- Pyroelectric, 292
- Radio frequency identification (RFID), 38–39, 71, 282, 283
- Raspberry pi, 286, 287, 290–294
- Real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), 145
- Recurrent neural networks, 132–133, 135–136
- Re-epithelialization, 207
- Regenerative medicine, 197
- Remote monitoring, 323, 327
- Renewable energy sources (RES), 70
- Reproduction, GA and, 124
- Required field of IoT in aviation, 206
- Rest API, 187–189
- Restructured power systems, using soft computing techniques,
- Revolution of change (paradigm shift), 222
- RFID technology, intelligent traffic signal control, 353, 355
- Robot assistance, 323
- Robotics, by AI, 7, 8
- Role of IoT in COVID-19
- response, 323
- Rosenblatt’s perceptron, 131–132
- SA, 303
- Safety management,
- disaster lifecycle, 102
- mitigation, 102–104
- Scaling method, component of ANN, 140
- Security,
- challenge of IIoT, 20
- IoT machines, 15
- Security threat, 32, 38–39, 41
- Sensing and sampling of water treatment using IoT, 244
- Sensor,
- Sensors,
- boiler temperature, 16
- collecting information, 14
- in tractors, 15–16
- industrial analysis, 21
- intelligent devices with, 13
- microsensors, 16
- refinement of, 17
- smart, 11
- Signup page, smart ambulance booking and tracking systems, 359, 360
- Single-point crossover, 125
- Smart airport, 255
- Smart airport architecture, 211
- Smart ambulance booking and tracking systems,
- ambulance section, 361–362
- ambulance selection, 362
- confirmation of booking, 363
- design, through App, 356–358
- future scope, 366
- home page, 360, 361
- literature review, 353–356
- overview, 350–353, 359
- result and discussion, 363–365
- sign up, 359, 360
- use-case diagram, 357
- welcome page, 358, 360
- Smart city data platforms, 340
- Smart grid (SG), 59
- Smart home, concept of, 352
- Smart refrigerator, 281–283, 286, 287
- Smart sensors, 11
- Smarter manufacturing for actionable insights, 333
- Soft computing techniques, restructured power systems using,
- Soil situation, sensors for, 16
- Soma, 129
- Specific IoT health applications surge, 340
- Speech perception, 7, 8
- SQP, non-linear programming method, 127–128
- Standard deviation, 375
- Streaming platforms, AI use,
- transcribing audio, 10
- video, 5, 10
- String fitness value, 124
- Summation function, component of ANN, 138–139
- Supervised training/learning algorithm, 141, 142
- Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), 67
- Supply chain monitoring, IoT sensors, 19–20
- SVM, 303
- Synapses, 129
- System initialization, 241
- Technology roadmaps get delayed, 344
- Telehealth consultations, 323
- Television TV, 68
- Temperature, artificial neuron, 140
- Textile antennas, 162–168
- The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory (Hebb), 143
- Topology, network,
- defined, 131
- feedforward and feedback, 132–133
- for multi-layer perceptron, 131–132, 133
- Track and trace solutions, 340
- Tracking systems,
- Traffic signal control, intelligent, 353, 354–356
- Training, NNs, 141–142
- supervised, 142
- unsupervised, 142
- Transfer function, component of ANN, 139–140
- Transforming airline industry with internet of things, 219
- Transmission and distribution (T&D), 75
- Two-point crossover, 125–126
- Types of antennas,
- description of wearable antennas, 153–154
- Ubiquitous, 70
- Ultrasonic sensor, 285–288, 290–292, 294
- Uniform crossover, 125, 126
- Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), 74
- Unsupervised training/learning algorithm, 141, 142
- Use of IoT during COVID-19, 321
- Video streaming platforms, 5, 10
- Visual object tagging tool, 292, 296
- Visualization and management of the information, 243
- Voice recognition technology, 366
- Vulnerability, 37, 39–40
- Wastewater and storm water monitoring using IoT, 241
- Water management using IoT, 231
- Water quality management based on IoT framework, 232
- Water quality measuring sensors and data analysis, 239
- Weighting factors, component of ANN, 138
- Weights, defined, 131
- Welcome page, of smart ambulance booking and tracking system, 358, 360
- Wide area network (WAN), 80
- Widrow-Hoff learning rule, 144
- Wi-Fi, 10, 13
- Wireless sensor network, 366, 370
- spinneret, 199
- syringe pump, 199–200
- Taylor cone, 200
- Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), 71
- XOR network, 137, 138
- X-ray digital images, 8
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