Note: Page numbers followed by “f” and “t” indicate figures and tables respectively.
Algorithm
time series algorithm,
205Alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) system,
310–311Artificial neural network (ANN),
205–206Autocorrelation function (ACF),
192Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model,
187Central China Grid
power generation resources in,
243–244power transmission efficiency from Gansu,
244China
power market ancillary service policy
reference value to
economic incentive policies,
265integration management/testing and certification system,
265making and strictly implementing plans,
265market-based dispatching management,
266power sources, structure and characteristics of,
265–266strengthening power grid construction,
266wind power feed-in tariff policy,
268–269wind power integration policy,
267–268wind power integration subsidy policy,
269wind power market accommodation policy,
268Daily distribution,
24, 26fDemand response
implementation principles,
229Direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (D-PMSG),
63, 66–67Disturbance stability analysis,
128characteristic values analysis,
128characteristic vectors analysis,
128damping judgment criteria,
128participation factors analysis,
128transmit out 1000 MW from Xinjiang, integrated with Xinjiang to,
132–134, 132f, 133tDomestic supporting policy demand
integration/acquisition and accommodation policy demand,
275power market ancillary service policy demand,
276price and cost allocation policy demand,
275Double-fed induction generators (DFIG),
58pitch control system models,
63, 64f, 64tshort-circuit current characteristics,
108–113Energy base direct transmission cost analysis
wind power transmission cost,
252–253Energy base nondirect transmission cost analysis,
254–256Energy storage technologies,
221–227compressed air energy storage,
222flywheel energy storage,
222improving power grid peak-valley regulation,
226improving power grid power quality,
227, 227f
Establish renewable portfolio standard
system foundation for,
277wind power integration technical standard system,
280Evaluation software, wind power accommodation capability
quantitative evaluation,
91–93integrated environment,
95–96Extra-short-term
theories and application basis,
202, 203fExtreme wind speed probability,
24, 24tFixed speed induction generators (FSIG),
55, 55fasynchronous generators,
57–58pitch control systems,
58short-circuit current characteristics of,
107–108, 108fFlexible alternative current transmission system (FACTS),
151–179automatic reactive voltage control technologies,
151–153long-time robust control strategy, parameter setting for,
158short-time fine-control strategy, parameter setting for,
158–163control strategies, selection of,
177–179real-time reactive power optimization,
177–179voltage-reactive power optimization algorithm,
177coordination and control principles of,
155system stability, SVC action delay variation on,
170, 170t, 171ftransient status, dynamic reactive power compensator model in,
169–170, 169fHexi transmission channel, automatic voltage control system for,
153–154long-time robustness control strategy,
155–157short-time fine-control strategy of,
158direct supply generator systems and captive power plants,
216hydropower peak-valley regulation capability,
215–216load characteristics of
annual load characteristics,
244daily load characteristics,
245energy base direct transmission cost analysis,
252–254thermal power generator systems, management of,
215wind power dispatching technical level,
216Xinjiang
Green electricity consumption
Grid-friendly new energy power generation,
309Grid protection
Hexi transmission channel
FACTS-based automatic voltage control of,
151–179automatic reactive voltage control technologies application,
151–153FACTS equipment, coordination control of,
154–167High energy power load
direct power purchase mode,
285–286
International policy
accommodation, current situation of,
257–259China, reference value to
economic incentive policies,
265integration management/testing and certification system,
265making and strictly implementing plans,
265market-based dispatching management,
266power sources, structure and characteristics of,
265–266strengthening power grid construction,
266domestic supporting policy demand
integration/acquisition and accommodation policy demand,
275power market ancillary service policy demand,
276price and cost allocation policy demand,
275forecasting and ancillary service cost allocation policy
forecasting and ancillary service cost allocation policy,
264output forecasting-related feed-in tariff policy,
264–265wind power acquisition policy,
259–260wind power integration policy,
259wind power market accommodation policy,
260wind power price and cost allocation policy
Jiuquan Wind Power Base
advantages and characteristics,
7–8extreme wind speed distribution,
22–24first phase project collection and transmission
first phase project Var compensation,
10, 12fsecond phase project power transmission planning,
10, 11fwind power generation output probability distribution,
11–12, 13fwind power generation output time distribution,
11–12, 13fwind power project planning,
8, 9fwind power transmission capability
integration capability,
74–76integration capacity,
76–79WTGs, constant voltage control mode,
82Xinjiang and Northwest Grid,
79–8110 GW Jiuquan Wind Power Base,
304Large-scale wind power development
large-scale wind power operation control,
16peak-valley regulation and frequency control,
14power accommodation,
14–15power transmission capacity,
13large-scale wind power base planning and construction,
8, 9flarge-scale wind power grid connection and transmission,
8–10, 10f–12fwind power resources and development conditions,
6–8, 7fLarge-scale wind power transmission
ancillary service capacity demand estimation
automatic generation control service estimation,
241–242peak-valley regulation service estimation,
243spinning reserve estimation,
242Gansu Power Grid’s wind power accommodation capacity
internal balance, estimation based on,
235transprovincial and transregional optimized configuration, estimation based on,
235–237Gansu power transmission mode,
238–241large-scale wind power/photovoltaic power/thermal power and hydropower,
240–241technical barriers to wind power transmission with direct current (DC) transmission lines,
239–240Gansu power transmission scale,
238grid’s wind power accommodation capacity
market and cost
target market demand analysis,
243–244Load characteristic analysis
decision-making about transmission,
252energy base to receiving end area, load transmitted directly from,
246–252, 247fGansu Power Grid, load characteristics of
annual load characteristics,
244daily load characteristics,
245energy base direct transmission cost analysis,
252–254
transmission load, characteristics of,
245–246wind power bases, transmission load in,
248–250Long-distance transmission
East China/Central China and North China,
300–301integrating large-scale wind power,
298new transmission lines,
298regional power grids, transmitting wind power between,
298Low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability,
54, 54fNational Centers for Atmospheric Research (NCAR),
194National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP),
194National new energy development policy system construction,
305–306data analysis and processing for,
194, 194fOn-site supporting
coal-fired thermal power generator system,
214–215q-Order moving mean model,
205Partial autocorrelation function (PCF),
192bilateral (multilateral) cogeneration and centralized competitive ancillary service market,
290–291demand side management,
290Northwest China, hydropower and thermal power in,
290power grid ancillary service assessment and compensation system, integrate wind power into,
289–290transmitting end and the receiving end, transregional at,
290Peak-valley regulation/frequency control demand
construct/strengthen the uses,
213–217transregional peak-valley regulation power sources,
217energy storage technologies,
221–227compressed air energy storage,
222flywheel energy storage,
222improving power grid peak-valley regulation,
226improving power grid power quality,
227, 227fstrengthen forecasting system construction and improve forecasting accuracy,
212wind turbines and strengthening wind farm monitoring and management,
211–212, 213fregulate peak load and control frequency, use load to,
217–218bear fluctuating power supply,
217demand side management (DSM),
218thermal power generator system
in-depth peak-valley regulation,
218–219Power dispatch technology
dispatch mechanism and control strategy,
179–182global dispatch mechanism and control strategy,
181–182integration management and operation management of,
182wind power
maximum active power output mode,
180–181Power grid transmission channel construction
Gansu/Northwest China
improve wind power receiving capacity,
295synchronous wind farm integration and collection projects,
294UHV DC transregional power transmission channels,
295Power market ancillary service policy
ancillary service capability standard,
272, 273tancillary service compensation principle,
273, 274tcompensation funds, source of,
273, 274tdetailed rules, applicable scope of,
271, 272tPower source
construction speed and layout,
292Northwest China, hydropower development in,
293pumped-storage power stations and gas power plants,
293West China, thermal power base construction in,
293–294
Power system dispatching policy
extreme conditions, reasonably curtail marginal wind power in,
283power system, peak-valley regulation-oriented ancillary services of,
281–282promoting wind power accommodation,
280–281strengthen adjustable power sources and transregional power grid construction,
283wind power forecasting system,
281wind power integration technical performance, rewarding and punishment policy based on,
283–284Probability density function,
19Probability distribution,
28–31Real-time reactive power optimization
plant/substation level, control system at,
178–179Renewable energy fund policy,
305Renewable energy quota policy,
305Short-term prediction models for
numerical weather forecast, data analysis and processing for,
194, 194fSmart Grid Construction,
307Stability, power system
disturbance stability analysis,
128characteristic values analysis,
128characteristic vectors analysis,
128damping judgment criteria,
128participation factors analysis,
128transmit out 1000 MW from Xinjiang, integrated with Xinjiang to,
132–134, 132f, 133tgrid frequency stability, wind power integration on,
126–127grid voltage, wind power integration on,
124–125synchronous grid power angle, wind power integration on,
125–126DFIGs, mechanical torque characteristics of,
125–126, 125frotor field current, control of,
126system small disturbance stability (Jiuquan Region), wind power integration on,
127Static Var compensation/generation (SVC/SVG) devices,
10Statistical prediction model
check and modification,
201model identification,
199model order determination,
199, 200tSupport vector machine (SVM),
189System voltage stability, prevention and control measures on,
142–145, 142f–143fSVC in wind farm, regulation and control via,
145, 145fTap internal consumption potentials
Target market demand analysis
Central China Grid
power generation resources in,
243–244power transmission efficiency from Gansu,
244Transient status
dynamic reactive power compensator model,
169–170, 169fsystem stability, controllable HV reactor parameter variation on,
174–177, 175f–176fTransprovincial/transregional optimized configuration, estimation based on
wind power accommodation capacity,
237, 237tTransprovincial/transregional transmission
market accommodation approaches and security mechanisms,
295–297interprovincial negotiations, short-term power transmission mode with,
296–297Qinghai and Central China Grid, transmitting power mainly to,
296regional power market autonomous trading system,
297renewable portfolio standard,
297Transregional wind power accommodation,
304Weather research forecast (WRF),
194internal electrical wiring,
85–89
photovoltaic plant cluster control system,
308short-term prediction models for
numerical weather forecast, data analysis and processing for,
194, 194fsingle WTG and the pad-mounted transformer,
68Wind power accommodation capability,
90Wind power cost allocation policy,
264Wind power development
in foreign countries,
3–4Wind power feed-in tariff policy
electricity price subsidy policy,
262negative electricity price policy,
262Wind power generation
complementarity, short time scale,
37–38wind farm clusters and Jiuquan Wind Power Base,
38–39wind measurement data,
39–41correlation, long-time scale
one wind farm cluster and between wind farm clusters,
32–35wind farm cluster and Jiuquan Wind Power Base,
35–36daily distribution,
24, 26fprobability distribution,
28–31upstream and downstream relationship
wind power resources,
41–44Wind power integration cost payment policy,
262–264Wind power integration technical standard system,
280Wind power prediction system
extra-short-term
theories and application basis,
202, 203ffunctional requirements of,
186–187methods
objectives and significance,
185–186wind farms, short-term prediction models for
numerical weather forecast, data analysis and processing for,
194, 194fWind power project construction management,
279Wind power transmission capability
evaluation software
Jiuquan Wind Power Base, Gansu, 2010
integration capability,
74–79WTGs, constant voltage control mode,
82Xinjiang and Northwest Grid,
79–81reactive voltage characteristics,
85–89internal electrical wiring,
85–86wind power integration
multiple and detailed models,
71–72wind turbine generators
relay protection and security automation devices,
54voltage and power factor,
53Wind turbine generators (WTGs)
constant voltage control mode,
82grid stability, large-scale disintegrations on
grid frequency characteristics,
141, 141fsystem frequency stability, prevention and control measures on,
146–148, 147t, 148fsystem voltage stability, prevention and control measures on,
142–145, 142f–143f
power dispatch technology
dispatch mechanism and control strategy,
179–182global dispatch mechanism and control strategy,
181–182integration management and operation management of,
182wind power dispatch plan modes,
180wind power maximum active power output mode,
180–181current quick-break protection,
118directional power protection,
120low/high-frequency protection,
119low/high-voltage protection,
119zero-sequence overcurrent protection,
118–119zero-sequence overvoltage protection,
119relay protection and security automation devices,
54short-circuit current, characteristics of
voltage and power factor,
53wind farm and the grid, coordination between,
182–184