In the preceding code, first it calculates the remainder within the if statement and compares the result with a zero. If the output of this conditional statement returns TRUE, then the code will print This is an even number; otherwise it will print This is an odd number. So, whenever you run the preceding code, the output will be as follows:

    > a <- 9
    > if(a %% 2==0){
    +  print("This is an even number")
    + } else {
    +     print("This is an odd number")
    + }
    [1] "This is an odd number"