Bibliography

Abernathy, W., and J. M. Utterback. “Patterns of Industrial Innovation.” Technology Review 80, no. 7 (1978): 40–47.

Afuah, A. Innovation Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Ahmed, S., and M.M. Khan. “Is Demand-Side Financing Equity Enhancing? Lessons from a Maternal Health Voucher Scheme in Bangladesh.” Soc Sci Med 72, no. 10 (2011): 1704–10.

Aid Village Clinics. “African Infectious Disease Village Clinics.” Aid Village Clinics, www.aidvillageclinics.org/.

Anderson, P., and M.L. Tushman. “Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs: A Cyclical Model of Technological Change.” Administrative Science Quarterly 35, no. 4 (1990): 604–33.

Aravind Eye Care System. “Clinical Services.” Aravind Eye Care Center, www.aravind.org/ClinicalServices.aspx.

Ascension Health. “Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals Team with Ascension Health Alliance to Build Health City at Grand Cayman.” Ascension Health, April 10, 2012.

Atun, R., F.M. Knaul, Y. Akachi, and J. Frenk. “Innovative Financing for Health: What Is Truly Innovative?” Lancet 380 no. 9858 (2012): 2044–49.

Babycenter. “Babycenter’s Maternal Health Mission.” Babycenter, www.babycenter.com/mobilehealth.

Baldwin, C.Y., and K.B. Clark. Design Rules: The Power of Modularity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.

Banbury, C.M., and W. Mitchell, “The Effect of Introducing Important Incremental Innovations on Market Share and Business Survival.” Strategic Management Journal 16 (1995): 161–82.

Banerjee, A., and E. Duflo. Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. New York: PublicAffairs, 2011.

Barrington, J., et al. “SMS for Life: A Pilot Project to Improve Anti-Malarial Drug Supply Management in Rural Tanzania Using Standard Technology.” Malaria Journal 9 (2010): 298.

Baseman, J.G., and L.A. Koutsky. “The Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infections.” Journal of Clinical Virology 32 (2005): 16–24.

Bate, R. “Fake Drugs Kill the Poor.” Economic Affairs 27 (2007): 84.

Bellows, N.M., B.W. Bellows, and C. Warren. “Systematic Review: The Use of Vouchers for Reproductive Health Services in Developing Countries: Systematic Review.” Trop Med Int Health 16, no. 1 (2011): 84–96.

Berk, J. and A. Adhvaryu. “The Impact of a Novel Franchise Clinic Network on Access to Medicines and Vaccinations in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study.” BMJ Open 2, no. 4 (2012).

Bernstein, A. The Case for Business in Developing Economies. New York: Penguin Books, 2010.

Bertrand, J.T., et al. “Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Challenges of Costing Demand Creation in Eastern and Southern Africa.” PLOS ONE 6, no. 11 (2011): e27562.

Beverage Industry. “Sports Drink Sales Get into Shape.” Beverage Industry, July 12, 2011.

Bhattacharyya, O., S. Khor, A. McGahan, D. Dunne, A. S. Daar, and P. A. Singer. “Innovative Health Service Delivery Models in Low and Middle Income Countries: What Can We Learn from the Private Sector?” Health Res Policy Syst 8 (2010): 24.

Bicycling Empowerment Network. “Strengthening the Grassroots Response to HIV/AIDS.” Windhoek, Namibia: Bicycling Empowerment Network (BEN), 2012.

Biglan, A., T.E. Duncan, D.V. Ary, and K. Smolkowski. “Peer and Parental Influences on Adolescent Tobacco Use.” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 18, no. 4 (1995): 315–30.

Bilal, N.K., et al. “Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia: Improved Access and Coverage for the Rural Poor.” Yes, Africa Can: Success Stories from a Dynamic Continent (2011): 433.

Binagwaho, A. “Community Health Workers in Rwanda Improve Access to Care.” In Health and Human Rights Open Forum, 2009, www.hhropenforum.org/2009/08/chws-in-rwanda/.

Birdsall, N., and W.D. Savedoff, with A. Mahgoub and K. Vyborny. Cash on delivery: A New Approach to Foreign Aid. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development, 2010.

Bing, E.G., et al. “Evaluation of a Prevention Intervention to Reduce HIV Risk among Angolan Soldiers.” AIDS and Behavior 12, no. 3 (2008): 384–95.

———. “HIV/AIDS Behavioral Surveillance among Angolan Military Men.” AIDS and Behavior 12, no. 4 (2008): 578–84.

Bloom, D.E., et al. The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2011.

Bloom, P., and G. Dees. “Cultivate Your Ecosystem.” Stanford Social Innovation Review 6, no. 1 (2008): 46–53.

Bloom, P., and A. Chatterji. “Scaling Social Entrepreneurial Impact.” California Management Review 51, no. 3 (2009): 114–33.

Bodilly, S.J., and C.H. Augustine. Revitalizing Arts Education through Community-Wide Coordination. Arlington, VA: RAND Corporation, 2008.

BRAC. “Stay Informed: BRAC at a Glance.” BRAC Communications, www.brac.net/content/stay-informed-brac-glance#.UJWuIW_A96J.

Bradach, J. “Going to Scale: The Challenge of Replicating Social Programs.” Stanford Social Innovation Review 1, no. 1 (2003): 19–25.

Brown, J., et al. “A Hand-Powered, Portable, Low-Cost Centrifuge for Diagnosing Anemia in Low-Resource Settings.” The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, no. 2 (2011): 327–32.

Burgelman, R.A., and Y.L. Doz. “The Power of Strategic Integration.” Sloan Management Review 42, no. 3 (2001): 28–38.

Byrne, A., and A. Morgan. “How the Integration of Traditional Birth Attendants with Formal Health Systems Can Increase Skilled Birth Attendance.” Int J Gynaecol Obstet 115, no. 1 (2011): 127–34.

Byrne, J.A. “The Man Who Invented Management: Why Peter Drucker’s Ideas Still Matter.” Business Week 28 (2005): 96.

Callaghan, M., N. Ford, and H. Schneider. “A Systematic Review of Task-Shifting for HIV Treatment and Care in Africa.” Human Resources for Health 8, no. 8 (2010).

CARE International. Annual Report 2011. Geneva: CARE International, 2011.

Carrin, G., I. Mathauer, K. Xu, and D.B. Evans. “Universal Coverage of Health Services: Tailoring Its Implementation.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86, no. 11 (November 2008): 817–908.

Center for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia. “Training: CIDRZ.” Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, www.cidrz.org.

Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia, 2012.

Chen, S., and M. Ravallion. “The Developing World Is Poorer Than We Thought, But No Less Successful in the Fight Against Poverty.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 125, no. 4 (2010): 1577–1625.

Chib, A. Information and Communication Technologies for Health Care: Midwife Mobile-Phone Project in Aceh Besar. Federal Way, WA: World Vision, 2008.

Chibanda, D., et al. “Problem-Solving Therapy for Depression and Common Mental Disorders in Zimbabwe: Piloting a Task-Shifting Primary Mental Health Care Intervention in a Population with a High Prevalence of People Living with HIV.” BMC Public Health 11:828 (2011), www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/828.

Chimombo, J.P.G. “Quantity Versus Quality in Education: Case Studies in Malawi.” International Review of Education 51, no. 2/3 (2005): 155–72.

Choi, H.W., et al. “The Effectiveness of Insecticide-Impregnated Bed Nets in Reducing Cases of Malaria Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Published Results.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 52, no. 2 (1995): 377–82.

Christakis, N.A., and J. H. Fowler. “The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years.” New England Journal of Medicine 357, no. 4 (2007): 370–79.

Christensen, C., and R. Rosenbloom. “Explaining the Attacker’s Advantage: Technological Paradigms, Organizational Dynamics and the Value Network.” Research Policy 24 (1995): 233–57.

Chuma, J., V. Okungu, J. Ntwiga, and C. Molyneux. “Towards Achieving Abuja Targets: Identifying and Addressing Barriers to Access and Use of Insecticides Treated Nets among the Poorest Populations in Kenya.” BMC Public Health 10, no. 1 (2010): 137.

Clark, C.H., C. Massarsky, T.S. Raben, and E. Warsham. Scaling Social Impact: A Literature Toolkit for Funders. Durham, NC: Duke University and Growth Philanthropy Network, 2012.

Clement, F., P. Dewint, and G. Leroux-Roels. “Evaluation of a New Rapid Test for the Combined Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen and Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40, no. 12 (2002): 4603–606.

Clover, B. “In 10 Years’ Time, Doctors Will Require a Second Opinion from a Computer.” Health Service Journal, April 26, 2012, www.hsj.co.uk/leadership/outside-the-box/in-10-years-time-doctors-will-require-a-second-opinion-from-a-computer/5043864.article.

Coca-Cola Company. “Coca-Cola Announces Long-Term Partnership with DEKA R&D to Help Bring Clean Water to Communities in Need.” Atlanta, GA: Coca-Cola Company, September 25, 2012.

Colclough, C. Marketizing Education and Health in Developing Countries: Miracle or Mirage? New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Cole, R.E. “Learning from the Quality Movement: What Did and Didn’t Happen and Why?” California Management Review 41, no. 1 (1998): 43–74.

Coleman, A. Riders for Health: Health Care Distribution Solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Case #GS-58. Stanford, CA: Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2007.

Collier, P. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done about It. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Connor, J., N. Rafter, and A. Rodgers. “Do Fixed-Dose Combination Pills or Unit-of-Use Packaging Improve Adherence? A Systematic Review.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82, no. 12 (2004): 935–39.

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor. Advancing Financial Access for the World’s Poor. Washington, D.C.: CGAP, 2011.

Cooper, R., R.E. Slavin, and N.A. Madden. “Success for All: Improving the Quality of Implementation of Whole-School Change through the Use of a National Reform Network.” Education and Urban Society 30, no. 3 (1998): 385–408.

Cooper, A., and C. Smith. “How Established Firms Respond to Threatening Technologies,” Academy of Management Executive 6, no. 2 (1992): 55–70

Creanga, A., Gillespie, Karklins, and Tsui. “Low Use of Contraception among Poor Women in Africa: An Equity Issue.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 4 (2011): 258–66.

Crutchfield, L., and H.M. Grant. Forces for Good: The Six Practices of High-Impact Nonprofits. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2007.

Curci, M. “Task Shifting Overcomes the Limitations of Volunteerism in Developing Nations.” Bulletin of the American College of Surgeons (2012).

Curtis, C., et al. “Scaling-Up Coverage with Insecticide-Treated Nets against Malaria in Africa: Who Should Pay?” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 3, no. 5 (2003): 304–7.

Damanpour, F. “Organizational Complexity and Innovation: Developing and Testing Contingency Models.” Management Science 42, no. 5 (1996): 693–701.

Dandona, R., et al. “Refractive Error in Children in a Rural Population in India.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 43, no. 3 (2002): 615–22.

Datnow, A., L. Hubbard, and H. Mehan. Extending Educational Reform: From One School to Many. New York: Psychology Press, 2002.

Davila, T., M.J. Epstein, and R. Shelton. Making Innovation Work: How to Manage It, Measure It, and Profit from It. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2013.

Day, G.S., and P.J.H. Schoemaker. “Avoiding the Pitfalls of Emerging Technologies,” California Management Review 42, no. 2 (2000): 8–33.

De Mel, S., D. McKenzie, and C. Woodruff. “Returns to Capital in Microenterprises: Evidence from a Field Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, no. 4 (2008): 1329–72.

Dewar, R.D., and J.E. Dutton. “The Adoption of Radical and Incremental Innovations: An Empirical Analysis.” Management Science 32, no. 11 (1986): 1422–33.

Dieckmann, R. “Microfinance: An Emerging Investment Opportunity.” Deutsche Bank Research, 2007.

Dinnes, J., et al. “A Systematic Review of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Tuberculosis Infection.” Health Technology Assessment 11, no. 3 (2007): 1–196.

Docherty, J.P., R.C. Surles, and C.M. Donovan. “Organizational Theory.” Chapter 3 in Textbook of Administrative Psychiatry, ed. by J. Talbott and R. Hales, 33–41. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2001.

Dougherty, D., and C. Hardy. “Sustained Product Innovation in Large, Mature Organizations: Overcoming Innovation-to-Organization Problems,” Academy of Management Journal 39 (1996): 1120–53.

Drucker, P.F. “The Discipline of Innovation.” Harvard Business Review 63, no. 3 (August 2002): 67–72.

Dunham, W. “Bush Signs Expansion of Global AIDS Programs.” Reuters, July 30, 2008.

Dybul, M. “Finding Common Ground to Save the Lives of Women and Child and Create Happy, Healthy Families.” Huffington Post, July 9, 2012.

Dybul, M., P. Piot, and J. Frenk. “Reshaping Global Health.” Policy Review 173, no. 1 (2012).

E Health Point. “About Us.” E Health Point. http://ehealthpoint.com/?page_id=5.

———. “E HealthPoint.” E Health Point, August 2012. http://ehealthpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/E-HEALTHPOINT-Aug-2012.pdf.

Earth Institute. One Million Community Health Workers: Technical Task Force Report. New York: Earth Institute, 2011.

Easterly, W. The White Man’s Burden: Why the West’s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good. New York: Penguin Press, 2006.

Eaton, J., et al. “Scale Up of Services for Mental Health in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.” Lancet 378, no. 9802 (2011): 1592–1603.

Economist. “Africa’s Impressive Growth.” Economist, January 6, 2011.

———. “First Break All the Rules: The Charms of Frugal Innovation.” Economist, April 15, 2010.

———. “The Path Through the Fields.” Economist, November 3, 2012.

Ehrbeck, T., N. Henke, and T. Kibasi. “The Emerging Market in Health Care Innovation.” McKinsey Quarterly (2010).

Ehrenberg, E. “On the Definition and Measurement of Technological Discontinuities.” Technovation 15 (1995): 437–52.

Ekirapa-Kiracho, E., et al. “Increasing Access to Institutional Deliveries Using Demand and Supply Side Incentives: Early Results from a Quasi-Experimental Study: An Innovative Approach to Building Capacity at an African University to Improve Health Outcomes.” BMC International Health and Human Rights 2011, no. 1 (2011).

Elmore, R. “Getting to Scale with Good Educational Practice.” Harvard Educational Review 66, no. 1 (1996): 1–27.

Epstein, H. The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight against AIDS. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007.

Epstein, M.J. Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring Corporate Social, Environmental and Economic Impacts. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2008.

Epstein, M.J., and E.G. Bing. “Delivering Health Care to the Global Poor: Solving the Accessibility Problem.” Innovations 6, no. 2 (2011): 117–41.

Epstein, M.J., and B. Birchard. Counting What Counts: Turning Corporate Accountability to Competitive Advantage. Reading, MA: Perseus, 1999.

Epstein, M.J., and F.W. McFarlan. Joining a Nonprofit Board: What You Need to Know. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2011.

Epstein, M.J., and K. Yuthas. “Scaling Effective Education for the Poor in Developing Countries: A Report from the Field.” Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 31, no. 1 (2012): 102–14.

Ettlie, J.E., W.P. Bridges, and R.D. O’Keefe, “Organizational Strategy and Structural Differences for Radical versus Incremental Innovation.” Management Science 30 (1984): 682–95.

Fairall, L., et al. “Task Shifting of Antiretroviral Treatment from Doctors to Primary-Care Nurses in South Aftrica (STRETCH): A Pragmatic, Parallel, Cluster-Randomised Trial.” Lancet 380, no. 9845 (2012): 889–98.

Fairbourne, J.S., S.W. Gibson, and W.G. Dyer. MicroFranchising: Creating Wealth at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2007.

Farmer, P. et al. “Expansion of Cancer Care and Control in Countries of Low and Middle Income: A Call to Action.” Lancet 376, no. 9747 (2010): 1186–93.

Feachem, R.G.A., and The Malaria Elimination Group. Shrinking the Malaria Map: A Guide on Malaria Elimination for Policy Makers. San Francisco: Global Health Group, UCSF Global Health Sciences, 2009.

Fertig, M., and H. Tzaras. “Franchising Health Care for Kenya: The HealthStore Foundation Model.” In Microfranchising: Creating Wealth at the Bottom of the Pyramid, ed. by J.S. Fairbourne, S.W. Gibson, and W.G. Dyer, 164–82. North-hampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2007.

———. What Works: HealthStore’s Franchise Approach to Healthcare. Washington, DC: USAID and World Resources Institute, 2005.

Foster, R.N. Innovation: The Attacker’s Advantage. New York: Summit, 1986.

Frenk, J. “Globalization, Health, and the Role of Telemedicine.” Telemedicine Journal & e-Health 11, no. 3 (2005): 291–95.

———. “Reinventing Primary Health Care: The Need for Systems Integration.” Lancet 374, no. 9684 (2009): 170–73.

Fried, L.P., P. Piot, H.C. Spencer, and R. Parker. “The Changing Landscape of Global Public Health.” Global Public Health 7, no. 1 (2012): 1–4.

Frost, L.J., and M.R. Reich. Access: How Do Good Health Technologies Get to Poor People in Poor Countries? Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, 2008.

Fudong, F. “A Relay Race to Save Lives During Bandhs.” USAID, http://blog.usaid.gov/2012/08/a-relay-race-to-save-lives-during-bandhs/.

Fullan, M. The New Meaning of Education Change, 4th ed. New York: Teachers College Press, 2007.

———. “The Return of Large-Scale Reform.” Journal of Educational Change 1, no. 1 (2000): 5–27.

———. “The Role of Leadership in the Promotion of Knowledge Management in Schools.” Teachers and Teaching 8, no. 3 (2002): 409–19.

GAVI Alliance. “GAVI Alliance Progress Report 2010.” Geneva: GAVI, 2010.

———. “GAVI’s Impact: Saving Lives.” GAVI, www.gavialliance.org/about/mission/impact/.

———. “More Than 30 Million Girls to Be Immunised with HPV Vaccines by 2020 with GAVI Support.” Geneva: GAVI, December 6, 2012.

———. Progress Report 2011. Geneva: GAVI, 2011.

General Electric. Healthymagination 2010 Annual Report. Fairfield, CT: General Electric Company, 2010.

Geoghegan, T. “Frontline Health Workers: The Best Way to Save Lives, Accelerate Progress on Global Health, and Help Advance U.S. Interests.” Frontline Health Workers Coalition, 2012.

Gertler, P., and C. Vermeersch. “Using Performance Incentives to Improve Health Outcomes.” Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012.

Glennan, T.K., S.J. Bodilly, J.R. Galegher, and K.A. Kerr. Expanding the Reach of Education Reforms: Perspectives from Leaders in the Scale-up of Educational Interventions. Arlington, VA: RAND Corporation, 2004.

Glenton, C., et al. “The Female Community Health Volunteer Programme in Nepal: Decision Makers’ Perceptions of Volunteerism, Payment and Other Incentives.” Soc Sci Med 70, no. 12 (2010): 1920–27.

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Monitoring and Evaluation Toolkit: HIV, Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Health and Community Systems Strengthening. Geneva: Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, 2011.

Global Health Group. Clinical Social Franchising Compendium: An Annual Survey of Programs, 2012. San Francisco: Global Health Group, 2012.

———. Clinical Social Franchising Case Study Series: Smiling Sun Franchise Program Bangladesh. San Francisco: Global Health Group, 2011.

Globocan. “Cervical Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2008.” Globocan, http://globocan.iarc.fr.

Gordois, A., L. Pezzullo, and H. Cutler. “The Global Economic Cost of Visual Impairment.” Sydney, Australia: Access Economics, 2010.

Govindarajan, V., and C. Trimble. Reverse Innovation: Create Far from Home, Win Everywhere. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2012.

Green, S., M. Gavin, and L. Aiman-Smith. “Assessing a Multidimensional Measure of Radical Innovation.” IEEE Transactions Engineering Management 42, no. 3 (1995): 203–14.

Guttmacher Institute. “Family Planning Can Reduce High Infant Mortality Levels.” Guttmacher Institute, April 2002. www.guttmacher.org/pubs/ib_2-02.html.

Haines, A., et al. “Achieving Child Survival Goals: Potential Contribution of Community Health Workers.” Lancet 369, no. 9579 (2007): 2121–31.

Hamel, G., and C.K. Prahalad, Competing for the Future (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1994).

Hammond, A.L., et al. The Next 4 Billion: Market Size and Business Strategy at the Base of the Pyramid. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute and International Finance Corporation, 2007.

Haskell, W.L. “Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Lifestyle Interventions: Effectiveness and Efficacy.” Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 18, no. 4 (September/October 2003): 245–55.

Haynes, A.B., et al. “A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population.” New England Journal of Medicine 360 (2009): 491–99.

Health Logistics Quarterly. “USAID Deliver Project Provides Technical Assistance to the Pharmaceutical Fund and Supply Agency (PFSA).” Health Logistics Quarterly 2, no. 1 (2010): 1–6.

Health Unbound. “MAMA: Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action.” Health Unbound, http://healthunbound.org/mama/.

Henderson, R.M., and K.B. Clark. “Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms.” Administrative Science Quarterly 35, no. 1 (1990): 9–30.

Hoffman, J. “Lifestraw Saves Those without Access to Clean Drinking Water.” New York Times, September 26, 2009.

Holmes, D. “Rwanda: An Injection of Hope.” Lancet 376, no. 9745 (2010): 945–46.

Hongoro, C., and L. Kumaranayake. “Do They Work? Regulating For-Profit Providers in Zimbabwe.” Health Policy and Planning 15 (2000): 368–77.

Hopkins, H., et al. “Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria at Sites of Varying Transmission Intensity in Uganda.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 197, no. 4 (2008): 510–18.

Horton, R., et al. “GBD 2010: Understanding Disease, Injury, and Risk.” Lancet 380, no. 9859 (2012): 2053–54.

Howitt, P., et al. “Technologies for Global Health.” Lancet 380, no. 9840 (2012): 507–35.

Ibrajim, M. “Health Systems, Information Flows, and Technology Choices: The Promise of eHealth in Africa.” Washington, DC: World Bank, 2009.

Immelt, J.R., V. Govindarajan, and C. Trimble. “How GE Is Disrupting Itself.” Harvard Business Review (October 2009).

IndiaKnowledge@Wharton. “Narayana Hrudayalaya: A Model for Accessible, Affordable Health Care?” IndiaKnowledge@Wharton, July 1, 2010. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4493.

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Financing Global Health 2011: Continued Growth as MDG Deadline Approaches. Seattle: IHME, 2011.

Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine. “Missed Prevention Opportunities.” In The Healthcare Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes Workshop Series Summary. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science, 2010.

International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care. Multidisciplinary Care Teams: Report of an IAPAC Consultation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Chicago: International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care, 2011.

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Malaria Prevention in the Community: Training Guide for Red Cross Red Crescent Supervisors and Volunteers. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2009.

International Finance Corporation, The Business of Health in Africa: Partnering with the Private Sector to Improve People’s Lives. Washington, DC: IFC, 2007, www.ifc.org/ifcext/healthinafrica.nsf/Content/FullReport.

Iqbal A., S. Rasheed, S.M.A. Hanifi, and A. Bhuiya. “Reaching the Poor with Performance Based Payment for Safe Delivery Services in Rural Bangladesh.” Bulletin of Medicus Mundi Switzerland, no. 112 (April 2009).

Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage. “Rwanda: Mutuelles de Santé.” Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage, www.jointlearningnetwork.org/content/mutuelles-de-sante.

Jokhio, A.H., H.R. Winter, and K.K. Cheng. “An Intervention Involving Traditional Birth Attendants and Perinatal and Maternal Mortality in Pakistan.” New England Journal of Medicine, no. 352 (2005).

Juran, J.M. Juran on Quality by Design: The New Steps for Planning Quality into Goods and Services. New York: The Free Press, 1992.

Kanani, R. “Jaipur Foot: One of the Most Technologically Advanced Social Enterprises in the World.” Forbes, August 8, 2011.

Kantamara, P., P. Hallinger, and M. Jatiket. “Scaling-up Education Reform in Thailand: Context, Collaboration, Networks and Change.” Planning and Changing 37, no. 1 (2006): 5–23.

Karlan, D., D.S. Karlan, and J. Appel. More Than Good Intentions: How a New Economics Is Helping to Solve Global Poverty. New York: Dutton, 2011.

Katayama, L. “How Health Care Nonprofit Living Goods Learned a Lesson from Avon Ladies.” Fast Company, www.fastcompany.com/1709280/how-health-care-nonprofit-living-goods-learned-lesson-avon-ladies.

Kenya Ministry of Health and National AIDS and STI Control Programme. Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2007 Final Report. Nairobi, Kenya: NASCOP, 2007.

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and ICF Macro. 2008–09 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey: Key Findings. Calverton, MD: KNBS and ICF Macro, 2010.

Khanna, T., and T. Bijlani. “Narayana Hrudayalaya Heart Hospital: Cardiac Care for the Poor (B).” Harvard Business School Supplement (2011), Case No. 712-402.

Khatib, R.A., et al. “Markets, Voucher Subsidies and Free Nets Combine to Achieve High Bed Net Coverage in Rural Tanzania.” Malar J 7 (2008): 98.

Kirby, S.N., M. Berends, and S. Naftel. Implementation in a Longitudinal Sample of New American Schools: Four Years into Scale-Up. Arlington, VA: RAND, 2001.

Kirk, G.V. “The MicroConsignment Model: Bridging the ‘Last Mile’ of Access to Products and Services for the Rural Poor,” Innovations 5 (2010): 101–27.

Kitchener, H.C., P.E. Castle, and J.T. Cox. “Achievements and Limitations of Cervical Cytology Screening.” Vaccine 24 (2006): S63–S70.

Knaul, F.M., et al. “Meeting the Emerging Challenge of Breast and Cervical Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.” International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (2012).

Kothandaraman, P., and S. Mookerjee. “Case Study: Healthcare for All: Narayana, Hrudayalaya, Bangalore.” In Growing Inclusive Markets: Business Works for Development, Development Works for Business. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2007.

Kreiss, J.K., et al. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Human Papillomavirus, and Cervical Intraepithelian Neoplasia in Nairobi Prostitutes.” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 19, no 1 (1992): 54–59.

Kristof, N.D., and S. WuDunn. Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009.

LaFrance, S., et al. Scaling Capacities: Supports for Growing Impact. Working paper, LaFrance, 2006.

Leach-Kemon, K., et al. “The Global Financial Crisis Has Led to a Slowdown in Growth of Funding to Improve Health in Many Developing Countries.” Health Affairs 31, no. 1 (2012): 228–35.

Lehr, David. “Microfranchising at the Base of the Pyramid.” New York: Acumen Fund (2008).

Lester, R.T., et al. “Effects of a Mobile Phone Short Message Service on Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence in Kenya (Weltel Kenya): A Randomised Trial.” Lancet 376, no. 9755 (2010): 1838–45.

Lewin, S., et al. “Lay Health Workers in Primary and Community Health Care for Maternal and Child Health and the Management of Infectious Disease.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3 (2010).

Lien, T.X., et al. “Evaluation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 And 2, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, and Syphilis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 62, no. 2 (2000): 301–9.

Loevinsohn, B., and A. Harding. “Buying Results? Contracting for Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries.” Lancet 366, no. 9486 (2005): 676–81.

London, T. “Making Better Investments at the Bottom of the Pyramid.” Harvard Business Review (May 2009): 106–12.

Lozano et al. “Global and Regional Mortality from 235 Causes of Death for 20 Age Groups in 1990 and 2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.” Lancet 380, no. 9859 (2012): 2095–2128.

Macke, S., R. Misra, and A. Sharma. “Jaipur Foot: Challenging Convention.” University of Michigan Business School (2003).

Makina, M. “Debate Rages over Traditional Birth Assistants U-Turn in Malawi.” Think Africa Press, January 6, 2011.

Makokha, S. “Kenya: State Bans Traditional Birth Attendants in Matungu.” The Star, July 14, 2011.

Makuwa, M., et al. “Reliability of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for HIV Variant Infection.” Journal of Virological Methods 103, no. 2 (2002): 183–90.

Manandhar, D.S., et al. “Effect of a Participatory Intervention with Women’s Groups on Birth Outcomes in Nepal: Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.” Lancet 364, no. 9438 (2004): 970–79.

Mangham, L.J., and K. Hanson. “Scaling Up in International Health: What Are the Key Issues?” Health Policy and Planning 25, no. 2 (2010): 85–96.

Marseille, E., P.B. Hofmann, and J.G. Kahn. “HIV Prevention before HAART in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Lancet 359, no. 9320 (2002): 1851–56.

Masum, H., et al. “Accelerating Health Product Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Innovations 2 (2007): 129–49.

Mavandadi, S., et al. “A Mathematical Framework for Combining Decisions of Multiple Experts toward Accurate and Remote Diagnosis of Malaria Using Tele-Microscopy.” PLOS ONE 7, no. 10 (2012): e46192.

Mayne, S.T., et al. “Nutrient Intake and Risk of Subtypes of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 10, no. 10 (2001): 1055–62.

McKay, J., and G. Mensah. The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. Geneva: WHO, 2004.

Mechael, P.N. “The Case for mHealth in Developing Countries.” Innovations 4 (2009): 103–18.

Mehta, P.K., and S. Shenoy. Infinite Vision. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2011.

Meuwissen, L.E., A.C. Gorter, A.D.M. Kester, and J.A. Knottnerus. “Does a Competitive Voucher Program for Adolescents Improve the Quality of Reproductive Health Care? A Simulated Patient Study in Nicaragua.” BMC Public Health 6 (2006): 204.

Moyo, D. Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.

Mugeni, C., F. Ngabo, and J. Humuza. “Community Performance-Based Financing in Health: Incentivizing Mothers and Community Health Workers to Improve Maternal Health Outcomes in Rwanda.” In Final Report: World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 2011 (Geneva: WHO, 2012).

Munos, M.K., C.L. Walker, and R.E. Black. “The Effect of Oral Rehydration Solution and Recommended Home Fluids on Diarrhoea Mortality.” Oxford Journals: International Journal of Epidemiology 39, no. suppl. 1 (2010): 175–87.

Murray, C.J., and J. Frenk. “Health Metrics and Evaluation: Strengthening the Science.” Lancet 371, no. 9619 (2008): 1191–99.

Murray, C.J., et al. “Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for 291 Diseases and Injuries in 21 Regions, 1990–2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.” Lancet 380, no. 9859 (2012): 2197–223.

Mwandi, Z., et al. “Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Translating Research into the Rapid Expansion of Services in Kenya, 2008–2011.” PLoS medicine 8, no. 11 (2011): e1001130.

Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals. “Telemedicine.” Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospitals, www.narayanahospitals.com/services/telemedicine/#.

National Eye Institute. “2005 Survey of Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to Eye Health and Disease.” Bethesda, MD: National Eye Institute and Lions Clubs International Foundation, 2007.

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda. Millennium Development Goals Country Report 2007. Kigali: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2007.

Nishtar, S. “Public–Private ‘Partnerships’ in Health: A Global Call to Action.” Health Res Policy Syst 2, no. 1 (2004): 5.

Novartis. “SMS for Life.” Novartis, www.malaria.novartis.com/innovation/sms-for-life/index.shtml.

Novogratz, J. The Blue Sweater: Bridging the Gap between Rich and Poor in an Interconnected World. New York: Rodale, 2009.

Nussbaum, M.C. Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.

Oxfam. “Education: Tackling the Global Crisis.” Briefing Paper, Oxfam International, 2011.

Parham, G.P., et al. “Prevalence and Predictors of Squamous Intraepithelia Lesions of the Cervix in HIV-Infected Women in Lusaka, Zambia.” Gynecologic Oncology 103, no. 3 (2006): 1017–22.

Parker, S. The Life Cycle of Entrepreneurial Ventures, vol. 3. New York: Springer, 2006.

Pastor, M., and R. Ortiz. “Making Change: How Social Movements Work and How to Support Them.” In Program for Environmental and Regional Equity. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 2009.

Patel, V., et al. “Effectiveness of an Intervention Led by Lay Health Counsellors for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care in Goa, India (Manas): A Cluster Randomised Control Trial.” Lancet 376, no. 9758 (2010): 2086–95.

———. “Lay Health Worker–Led Intervention for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in India: Impact on Clinical and Disability Outcomes over 12 Months.” British Journal of Psychiatry 199, no. 6 (2011): 459–66.

PATH. Annual Report 2011. Seattle, WA: PATH, 2011.

Pfeiffer, J., et al. “Integration of HIV/AIDS Services into African Primary Health Care: Lessons Learned for Health System Strengthening in Mozambique: A Case Study.” J Int AIDS Soc 13 (2010): 3.

Piette, J.D., et al. “Impacts of e-Health on the Outcomes of Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Where Do We Go from Here?” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90, no. 5 (2012): 365–72.

Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon. “About the Partnership.” Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon, www.pinkandredribbon.com.

Piot, P. “Innovation and Technology for Global Public Health.” Global Public Health 7, no. 1 (2012): 46–53.

Piot, P., and S. Ebrahim. “Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases.” BMJ 341 (2010).

Pisano, G.P. The Development Factory: Unlocking the Potential of Process Innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997.

Pop-Eleches, C., et al. “Mobile Phone Technologies Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Text Message Reminders.” AIDS 25, no. 6 (March 2011): 825–34.

Prahalad, C.K. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2010.

Prata, N., et al. “Training Traditional Birth Attendants to Use Misoprostol and an Absorbent Delivery Mat in Home Births.” Social Science & Medicine 75, no. 11 (2012): 2021–28.

Prata, N., A. Gessessew, A. Cartwright, and A. Fraser. “Provision of Injectable Contraceptives in Ethiopia through Community-Based Reproductive Health Agents.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 8 (2011): 556–64.

Prata, N., P. Passano, S. Bell, T. Rowen, and M. Potts. “New Hope: Community-Based Misoprostol Use to Prevent Postpartum Haemorrahage.” Health Policy and Planning (August 2012).

Prata, N., A. Sreenivas, F. Vahidnia, and M. Potts. “Saving Maternal Lives in Resource-Poor Settings: Facing Reality.” Health Policy 89, no. 2 (2009): 131–48.

Qiang, C.Z., M. Yamamichi, V. Hausman, R. Miller, and D. Altman. Mobile Applications for the Health Sector. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012.

Qiao, Y., et al. “A New HPV-DNA Test for Cervical-Cancer Screening in Developing Regions: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Accuracy in Rural China.” Lancet Oncology 9, no. 10 (2008): 929–36.

Quint, J., H.S. Bloom, A.R. Black, and L. Stephens. “The Challenge of Scaling Up Educational Reform.” New York: MDRC, 2005.

Quisumbing, A.R., L. Haddad, and C. Peña. “Are Women Overrepresented among the Poor? An Analysis of Poverty in 10 Developing Countries.” Journal of Development Economics 66, no. 1 (2001): 225–69.

Radjou, N., J. Prabhu, and S. Ahuja. Jugaad Innovation: Think Frugal, Be Flexible, Generate Breakthrough Growth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012.

Rahman, A., et al. “Cognitive Behaviour Therapy-Based Intervention by Community Health Workers for Mothers with Depression and Their Infants in Rural Pakistan: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.” Lancet 372, no. 9642 (2008): 902–9.

Raju, N., et al. “Effect of Aspirin on Mortality in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.” American Journal of Medicine 124, no. 7 (2011): 621–29.

Ramundo, K. “The Female ‘Army’ Leading Ethiopia’s Health Revolution.” Frontlines, May/June 2012.

Rannan-Eliya, R.P, ed. Bangladesh National Health Accounts 1997–2007. Data International Limited, 2010.

Ranson, M.K., et al. “Priorities for Research into Human Resources for Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88, no. 6 (2010): 435–43.

Ravishankar, N., et al. “Financing of Global Health: Tracking Development Assistance for Health from 1990 to 2007.” Lancet 373, no. 9681 (2009): 2113–24.

RDT Info. “Tests for Specific Diseases.” PATH, www.rapid-diagnostics.org/tests.htm.

Riders for Health. “Our Approach.” Riders for Health, http://www.riders.org/what-we-do/our-approach.

Reich, M.R. “Public–Private Partnerships for Public Health.” Nature Medicine 6, no. 6 (2000): 617–20.

Ritzer, G. The McDonaldization of Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 1993.

Roberts, L., et al. “Keeping Clean Water Clean in a Malawi Refugee Camp: A Randomized Intervention Trial.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 4 (2001): 280–87.

Robinson, S. “Nkosi Johnson.” Time, December 31, 2001.

Rothwell, P.M., et al. “Effect of Daily Aspirin on Risk of Cancer Metastasis: A Study of Incident Cancers during Randomised Controlled Trials.” Lancet 279, no. 9826 (2012): 1591–601.

———. “Short-Term Effects of Daily Aspirin on Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Non-Vascular Death: Analysis of the Time Course of Risks and Benefits in 51 Randomised Controlled Trials.” Lancet 379, no. 9826 (2012): 1602–612.

Rutstein, S.O. “Effects of Preceding Birth Intervals on Neonatal, Infant and Under-Five Years Mortality and Nutritional Status in Developing Countries: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys.” International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 89, no. 1 (2005): 7.

Sachs, J. The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: Penguin Books, 2006.

Salter, C. “Narayana Hruduyalaya for Bringing Medical Care to the Masses.” Fast Company, www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies/2012/narayana-hrudayalaya-hospitals.

Samoff, J., E.M. Sebatane, and M. Dembélé. “Scaling Up by Focusing Down: Creating Space to Expand Education Reform.” Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting for the Association for the Development of Education in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania, 2001.

Sankaranarayanan, R., et al. “Effect of Visual Screening on Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: A Cluster-Randomised Trial.” Lancet 370, no. 9585 (2007): 398–406.

Sedgh, G., S. Singh, I.H. Shah, E. Åhman, S.K. Henshaw, and A. Bankole. “Induced Abortion: Incidence and Trends Worldwide from 1995 to 2008.” Lancet 379, no. 9816 (2012): 625–32.

Sehgal, V., K. Dehoff, and G. Panneer. “The Importance of Frugal Engineering.” Strategy+Business (Summer 2010): 59.

Sellors, J., and R. Sankaranarayanan. “Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia by Cryotherapy.” Chapter 12 in Colposcopy and Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Beginner’s Manual. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2003.

Sen, A. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor, 2000.

Setty-Venugopal, V., and U. Upadhyay. “Birth Spacing: Three to Five Saves Lives.” In Population Reports. Baltimore: Population Information Program, 2002.

Singh, S., and J.E. Darroch. “Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services—Estimates for 2012.” New York: Guttmacher Institute and UNFPA, 2012.

Singh, S., G. Sedgh, and R. Hussain. “Unintended Pregnancy: Worldwide Levels, Trends, and Outcomes.” Studies in Family Planning 41, no. 4 (2010): 241–50.

Sireau, Nicolas. Microfranchising: How Social Entrepreneurs Are Building a New Road to Development. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf, 2011.

Smillie, I. Freedom from Want: The Remarkable Success Story of BRAC, the Global Grassroots Organization That’s Winning the Fight against Poverty. Sterling, VA: Kumarian Press, 2009.

Sobsey, M.D., et al. “Point of Use Household Drinking Water Filtration: A Practical, Effective Solution for Providing Sustained Access to Safe Drinking Water in the Developing World.” Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 12 (2008): 4261–67.

Spector, J.M., et al. “Improving Quality of Care for Maternal and Newborn Health: Prospective Pilot Study of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Program.” PLOS ONE 7, no. 5 (2012): e35151.

Stevenson, H. “Perspective on Entrepreneurship.” Harvard Business Review (1983): 13.

———. “Why Entrepreneurship Has Won!” Harvard Business School, Coleman White Paper (2000).

Suares, L.R. Real Money, New Frontiers. Lancaster, UK: Gazelle, 2009.

Sudio, R.K., et al. “The Magnitude and Trend of Artemether-Lumefantrine Stock-outs at Public Health Facilities in Kenya.” Malaria Journal 11 (2012): 37.

Sweat, M.D., J. Denison, C. Kennedy, V. Tedrow, and K. O’Reilly. “Effects of Condom Social Marketing on Condom Use in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 1990–2010.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90, no. 8 (2012): 557–632.

Teklehaimanot, A,, J.D. Sachs, and C. Curtis. “Malaria Control Needs Mass Distribution of Insecticidal Bednets.” Lancet 369, no. 9580 (2007): 2143–46.

Tomasini, R., and L.V. Wassenhove. Humanitarian Logistics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Topp, S.M., et al. “Integrating HIV Treatment with Primary Care Outpatient Services: Opportunities and Challenges from a Scaled-up Model in Zambia.” Health Policy Plan (2012).

———. “Strengthening Health Systems at Facility-Level: Feasibility of Integrating Antiretroviral Therapy into Primary Health Care Services in Lusaka, Zambia.” PLOS ONE 5, no. 7 (2010): e11522.

Torero, M., and S. Chowdhury. Increasing Access to Infrastructure for Africa’s Rural Poor. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2005.

Trussell J. “Contraceptive Efficacy.” In Hatcher, R.A., et al. Contraceptive Technology, 20th rev ed. New York: Ardent Media, 2011.

Tushman, M., and P. Anderson. “Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environment.” Administrative Science Quarterly 31 (1986): 439–65.

Tushman, M., and J.P. Murmann. “Dominant Designs, Technology Cycles, and Organizational Outcomes.” Research in Organizational Behavior 20 (1998): 231–66.

UNAIDS. “Global AIDS Response Continues to Show Results as a Record Number of People Access Treatment and Rates of New HIV Infections Fall by Nearly 25%.” Geneva: UNAIDS, 2011.

———. Global HIV/AIDS Response: Epidemic Update and Health Sector Progress towards Universal Access: Progress Report 2011. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2011.

———. Together We Will End Aids. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2012.

———. UNAIDS 2010 Global Report. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2010.

UNDP. Human Development Report 2011: Sustainability and Equality, A Better Future for All. New York: UNDP, 2011.

———. Towards Human Resilience: Sustaining MDG Progress in an Age of Economic Uncertainty. New York: UNDP, 2011.

UNICEF. “Innovations: Uganda.” Available at www.unicef.org/uganda/9903.html. Accessed October 30, 2012.

———. Facts for Life, Fourth Edition. New York: UNICEF, 2010.

———. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. New York: UNICEF, 2010.

———. The State of the World’s Children 2007. New York: UNICEF, 2007.

———. The State of the World’s Children 2012. New York: UNICEF, 2012.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Creating an Enabling Environment for Private Sector Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Vienna: United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 2008.

United Nations Maternal Health Task Force and Global Health Visions. UN Commission on Life Saving Commodities for Women and Children: Country Case Studies. New York: UN Commission on Life-Saving Commodities for Women and Children, 2012.

United Nations Population Fund. “Maternal Mortality Reduction Programme in Rwanda.” Kigali, Rwanda: UNFPA Rwanda Office.

USAID. A Vision for Health: Performance-Based Financing in Rwanda. Washington, DC: USAID, 2009.

Utterback, J.M. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation: How Companies Can Seize Opportunities in the Face of Technological Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1994.

Verpoorten, M. “The Death Toll of the Rwandan Genocide: A Detailed Analysis for Gikongoro Province.” Population 60, no. 4 (2005): 331–67.

Vickers, T. “Driving Down the Cost of High-Quality Care: Lessons from the Aravind Eye Care System.” Health International, 2011.

VisionSpring. “Partners: BRAC.” VisionSpring, www.visionspring.org/what-we-do/partners-detail.php?id=6.

———. “VisionSpring at a Glance.” VisionSpring, www.visionspring.org/about/at-a-glance.php.

———. “What We Do: The Vision Entrepreneur.” VisionSpring, http://www.visionspring.org/what-we-do/ve.php.

Wakabi, W. “Extension Workers Drive Ethiopia’s Primary Health Care.” Lancet 372, no. 9642 (2008): 880.

Wang et al. (2012) “Age-Specific and Sex-Specific Mortality in 187 Countries, 1970–2010: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.”

W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Logic Model Development Guide. Battle Creek, MI: W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 2004.

World Alliance for Patient Safety. “Implementation Manual Surgical Safety Checklist: Safe Surgery Saves Lives.” Geneva: WHO, 2008, www.who.int/patientsafety/safesurgery/en/index.html.

———. Africa Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006.

World Health Organization. “Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/index.html.

———. “Children: Reducing Mortality Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs178/en/index.html.

———. Classifying Health Workers: Mapping Occupations to the International Standard Classification. Geneva: WHO, 2012.

———. “Depression Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/index.html.

———. “Diarrhoeal Disease Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/index.html.

———. “Family Planning Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs351/en/index.html.

———. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 Update. Geneva: WHO, 2008.

———. Global Data on Visual Impairments, 2010. Geneva: WHO, 2012.

———. Global HIV/AIDS Response Progress Report 2011. Geneva: WHO, 2011.

———. “HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/index.html.

———. Investing in Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health: The Case for Asia and the Pacific. Geneva: WHO, 2009.

———. Maternal Health: Investing in the Lifeline of Healthy Societies and Economies. Geneva: WHO, 2010.

———. “Maternal Mortality Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/index.html.

———. mHealth: New Horizons for Health Through Mobile Technologies. Geneva: WHO, 2011.

———. Monitoring Emergency Obstetric Care: A Handbook. Geneva: WHO, 2009.

———. “More Research Needed Into Childhood Diarrhoea.” Geneva: WHO, 2009.

———. Oral Rehydration Salts: Production of the New ORS. Geneva: WHO, 2006.

———. “Pneumonia Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs331/en/index.html.

———. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Risk. Geneva: WHO, 2007.

———. Prevention of Cervical Cancer through Screening Using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) and Treatment with Cryotherapy: A Demonstration Project in Six African Countries: Malawi, Madagascar, Nigeria, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Zambia. Geneva: WHO, 2012.

———. Stop the Global Epidemic of Chronic Disease: A Practical Guide to Successful Advocacy. Ed. by J. Epping-Jordan. Geneva: WHO, 2006.

———. “The Top 10 Causes of Death.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html.

———. Trends in Maternal Mortality 1990 to 2010. Geneva: WHO, 2012.

———. “Visual Impairment and Blindness Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/index.html.

———. “Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention Fact Sheet.” Geneva: WHO, www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/fact_sheet/en/index.html.

———. World Health Report 2005. Geneva: WHO, 2005.

———. World Health Statistics 2011. Geneva: WHO, 2011.

———. World Health Statistics 2012. Geneva: WHO, 2012.

———. World Malaria Report 2010. Geneva: WHO, 2010.

———. World Malaria Report 2011. Geneva: WHO, 2011.

———. World Malaria Report 2012. Geneva: WHO, 2012.

WHO and UNICEF. Countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn, and Child Survival. Geneva: WHO and UNICEF, 2010.

WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA. Maternal Mortality 2000. Geneva: WHO, 2000.

WHO, UNICEF, and World Bank. State of the World’s Vaccines and Immunization, 3rd ed. Geneva: WHO, 2009.

William J. Clinton Foundation. “News: Making Malaria Medications More Affordable,” available at http://clintonfoundation.org/news/news-media/making-malaria-medications-more-affordable. Accessed April 20, 2011.

Williams, M. “Rice’s Student-Designed Device to Help Babies Breathe Wins More Support.” Rice University News & Media, July 27, 2012.

Wilson, A., et al. “Effectiveness of Strategies Incorporating Training and Support of Traditional Birth Attendants on Perinatal and Maternal Mortality: Meta-Analysis.” BMJ: British Medical Journal 343 (2011).

World Bank. Private Sector Assessment for Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) in Bangladesh. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2004.

World Bicycle Relief. “Impact.” Chicago: World Bicycle Relief, http://worldbicyclerelief.org/pages/impact.

———. Impact of Bicycle Distribution on Tsunami Recovery in Sri Lanka, Final Report. Chicago: World Bicycle Relief, 2007.

Yoong, J., et al., “Private Sector Participation and Health System Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa.” PLOS ONE 5 (2010): e13243.

You, D., R. New, and T. Wardlaw. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2012. New, York: UNICEF, 2012.

Yunas, M., and K. Weber. Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism That Serves Humanity’s Most Pressing Needs. New York: Public Affairs, 2010.

———. Creating a World Without Poverty: Social Business and the Future of Capitalism. New York: Public Affairs, 2007.

Zafar Ullah, A.N., et al. “Government–NGO Collaboration: The Case of Tuberculosis in Bangladesh.” Health Policy and Planning 21, no. 2 (2006): 143–55.

Zambrano, R., and R.K. Seward. Mobile Technologies and Empowerment: Enhancing Human Development through Participation and Innovation. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2012.

Zuckerman, E. “Web 2.0 Tools for Development: Simple Tools for Smart People.” Participatory Learning and Action 59, no. 1 (2009): 87–94.