Index
A
accountability
establishing goals and monitoring, 3, 15, 21, 28, 42, 73–74, 83, 106, 152, 157, 158–62, 170
monitoring versus evaluation, 162
and patient flows, 137
African Infectious Disease Villages Clinics (AIDVC), 60
AMUA (Marie Stopes), 114
Animateurs de Santé, 106
antiretroviral drugs, 14, 126, 126–27
maximizing efficiency by, 20, 139–41, 144
Ascension Health, 138
B
BabyCenter, 115
Bangladesh, 39, 111, 113, 115, 141, 143
birth attendants in, 73
health care challenges, 153
program scaling in, 86
voucher use in, 73
Becton Dickinson, 124
Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti, 40
Bicycle Empowerment Namibia, 60
bikes and motorcycles
use in task shifting, 59–60
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 101, 125, 168
birth attendants and midwives, 49, 55, 70–71, 73, 82, 99, 102, 103, 108–10, 112
as entrepreneurs, 71
birth control pills, 98
blood testing, 30
Blue Star, 39
Blue Star Bangladesh, 66
BlueStar network (Marie Stopes), 113, 114
partnership with VisionSpring, 142–43
Social Innovation Lab, 153–54
breastfeeding, 61, 62, 68, 99, 102, 103, 115
Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, 124
Burundi, 168
Bush, Barbara P., 168
commitment to fighting AIDS, 14, 124
business model innovation, 30–31, 32
in supply chains, 34
and technology innovation, 32–33
C
CARE International
program scaling, 80
Caris Life Sciences, 124
Cayman Islands, 138
Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDRZ), 121–22
champions, role of, 22, 72–73, 128, 156, 170
Charles Drew University, 120, 146
checklists, use of, 42, 49, 57, 58, 60–61, 127, 157
childbirth, 61, 62–63, 68, 95–96, 98–99
children
mortality rates, 13, 71, 96–97, 103, 105
preventing early deaths of, 99–107
vision impairment of, 141
chlorine tablets, 100
clinics, 16, 17, 39, 66, 69, 71, 91, 102, 109, 111, 114, 116, 122, 129, 169
Smiling Sun franchised, 112–13
Clinton Health Access Initiative, 126
Coca-Cola Company, 100
community health workers, 48–49, 52, 58, 69, 97, 103, 105–10, 114, 116, 134, 143, 145
community outreach, 30, 64, 66, 69–73, 86, 107, 113, 136, 141
condoms, 49, 65, 68, 71, 98, 131
Confiance Network, 114
Congo, Democratic Republic of, 114
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure system, 30
contraception, 97–98, 103, 104–5
creating demand, 3, 21, 34, 157, 170
community outreach in, 21, 68–69, 71, 138–39
health insurance and, 106–7
role of champions in, 22, 123, 128
role of franchises in, 90
use of vouchers in, 73–74
D
DEKA Research and Development Corp.
Slingshot, 100–101
depression, treatment of, 144–46
developing countries
BRICS group of, 166
health care in, 13–14, 108, 111, 153
successful innovation in, 40, 41, 43, 45, 105–9, 139–43
diaphragms, 98
diseases, 101
anemia, 30
cardiovascular disease, 133–34
cervical cancer, 42, 112, 120–26
deaths from preventable, 13, 101, 103, 119
heart attack, 68
HIV/AIDS, 1–2, 15, 22, 32, 69–70
stroke, 68
tuberculosis, 112
doctors
task shifting and, 22–23, 128, 137
telemedicine and, 58, 82, 122–23, 137, 166
Drucker, Peter
definition of innovation, 31
E
e-HealthPoints, 58
efficiency, maximizing, 19–20, 74, 81, 82, 87, 89, 127, 156, 162, 170
by franchises, 112
in HPV screening, 122–23
in vision testing and treatment, 139–42
El Salvador, 141
electrocardiogram, 43
entrepreneurs/entrepreneurship, 2, 6, 18, 45, 156, 170
and franchises in health care, 17, 20, 52, 53, 91, 141–43, 153
microentrepreneurs, 46–47, 52, 53, 66, 67
pharmaceutical, 126
and semi-radical innovation, 39
value propositions and, 34
Essential Health Care program, 86
family planning in, 104–5, 113
Health Extension Worker Program, 66
F
family planning, 63, 85, 97–98
in Bangladesh, 111
financial sustainability, 113–14, 135, 136, 139, 140
franchises/franchising, 38–39, 91
Blue Star Bangladesh, 66
BlueStar, 39
Child and Family Wellness, 107
HealthStore Foundation, 51
as partnerships, 89–91
scaling health care and, 17
VisionSpring, 141–43
G
GAVI Alliance, 42, 88, 101, 125
General Electric Corp., 43, 100, 116
George W. Bush Institute, 124
Gillette Company, 31
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, 15, 120, 154
Global Health Corps, 168
global health impacts logic model, 24–25
accountability measures and, 83, 158, 159–60
detailed components of, 26–28
need for, 158–59
program planning and, 155–59
sample metrics, 160–62
success drivers, 159–60
Global Health Initiative, 124
Green Star, 114
Gremeen Bank, 153–54
H
health care consumers, 21, 34, 35, 49, 66, 106
costs of, 28, 40, 43, 44, 58, 66, 67, 71, 73, 81, 100, 113, 131, 136, 140
increasing access to, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 27, 29–30, 51–53, 104–7, 116, 127
increasing quality of, 28, 38, 53, 58, 61, 63, 78, 81
measures of effectiveness, 21, 38, 110, 112, 122, 160
need for specialization, 63–65, 143–44
new technologies in, 16, 30–35, 40, 58, 100, 102, 115, 129–30
treatment of complications, 102
health care delivery, 14
economies of scale in, 39, 64, 67, 89, 91, 100, 131, 137
entrepreneurship and, 18–19, 46–53, 67, 71, 141–43, 153
financial sustainability of programs, 18, 113–14, 135, 136, 139, 140
franchises and, 17, 38–39, 52, 53, 66, 89–91, 107, 114–14, 141–43, 153–54
increasing efficiency in, 19–20, 74, 81, 82, 87, 89, 127, 156, 162, 170
mobile technology in, 16, 38–39, 58–59, 82, 115–16, 122–23, 129, 130
opposition to change, 32–33, 41
private options, 108–11
strategic alliances in, 16
health care workers
training, 16, 39, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 70, 81, 90, 107, 122, 123, 126, 168
Health Keepers, 114
HealthPoint Services India, 58
HealthStore Foundation
use of micropharmacies, 51
Global Fund campaign against, 15, 154
HPV infection among HIV-positive women, 121–22
impact of, 126
integrating HIV testing, 127–28
male circumcission and, 32, 69–70
in Nepal, 1–2
PEPFAR campaign against, 15, 154
progress in reducing infections, 126–28, 154
task shifting to scale care, 22
treatment of, 122, 124, 126–27
hospitals
accountability in, 137
innovations in, 20, 61, 66, 136, 139
as part of integrated system, 67
partnerships in, 138
task shifting and, 48, 65–68, 111, 136–37
Human Development Index, 104
human papillomavirus (HPV), 121–22, 124, 125
I
Corporate Service Corps consultants, 167
immunizations, 88, 99, 103, 125
IMPACTS approach, 31, 91, 128, 132
identifying priorities, 152–55
impact planning with, 151–52
key actions, 170–71
key components of, 3, 18–24, 25–28
planning, 155–58
incentives, 21, 41, 48–50, 53, 73, 101, 106, 107, 143, 157, 170
India, 40, 43–44, 100, 114, 115, 139, 141, 153, 166
Aravind Eye Center, 20, 66, 139–41
Cipla, 42
E-Healthpoints, 58
Jaipur Foot, 40
radical innovation in, 40–41
Tata Chemicals, 100
Indonesia, 60
information technologies, 35–36
injectable contraceptives, 98, 104
innovation
business model, 18, 30, 32, 33–34, 36, 40, 47, 52, 77, 97, 165
definition of, 31
integrating innovations, 41–42, 123, 168
levers of, 33–35
in patient service levels, 136
process and design, 32
regulatory, 32
in response to crises, 1, 153–54
reverse, 43–44
technological, 34–35, 115–16, 122–23
transforming health care by, 30–31, 115–16, 156, 170
intrauterine devices, 98
J
Janini network, 66
Johnson & Johnson Co., 115
Johnson, Nkosi, 128
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 124
K
Kamen, Dean, 100
Kenya, 95–96
CFW clinics in, 143
circumcission campaigns in, 69–70
franchised microclinics in, 52, 53
health system and IBM consultants, 167
Keseba, Christine, 123
Kezzler, 130
Kilts, James M., 31
L
use of microentrepreneurs, 49–50
M
medication supplies for, 129
malnutrition, 103
Marie Stopes International, 113, 114
market research, 38
maternal mortality, 14, 96, 98–99, 103, 105, 106, 109, 111
social impact of, 96
men
male social norms, 146
mental illness, 133
lay treatment of, 145–46
Merck & Co., 126
Merry Gold, 114
mHealth Alliance, 115
microentrepreneurs, 34, 42, 111
and community outreach, 49–50
limitations of, 50
and microfinance, 46–47
Midwife Mobile Phone Project process scaling, 82
Millennium Development Goals, 74
Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action (MAMA), 115–16
mobile technology, 38–39, 82, 145
potential in health care, 16
task shifting and, 58–59, 115–16, 122–23
used to reduce medication stockouts, 129
used to verify medications, 130
mosquito nets, 21, 68, 73, 102
Mozambique
HIV services in, 127–28
mPedigree network, 130
mTrac, 22
N
Namibia, 60
Narayana Hrudaualaya (NH), 135–39, 166, 168
community health workers in, 143
Nokia/Siemens, 167
nongovernment organizations (NGOs), 20, 30, 38, 40–41, 45, 59, 60, 70, 71, 89, 111, 114, 122, 139, 141, 151–54, 168. 169
Novartis, 129
nurses, 53
roles in maternal and child health, 103
task shifting to, 22, 53, 55, 122–23, 135, 137, 145
O
Obama, Barack, 15
One Family Health, 66
optometry and ophthalmology care, 20, 143–44
oral rehydration solutions, 71, 99, 102
P
Parham, Groesbeck, Dr., 120–24
partner coordination, 110
and business model innovation, 34
nonprofits and franchises, 20, 89–92, 111–14, 142, 143
public/private partnerships, 20, 87–89, 101, 124, 126, 129, 154
and scaling, 78, 87, 100, 111–14, 123, 137, 138
Partners in Health, 44
patient education, 16, 48, 65, 85, 98, 105, 109, 124, 141, 170
mobile technology and, 16
peer counselors, 146
pharmacy on a bicycle project, 1–2
PharmaSecure, 130
Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon, 124–25, 167
postnatal care, 68, 73, 112, 113–14
pregnancy and delivery, 98–99
prenatal care, 21, 73, 102–104, 106, 112–14, 115
use of checklists in, 60–61
President’s Emergency Program for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), 15, 120, 124, 146, 154
PricewaterhouseCoopers, 167
Proctor & Gamble, 167
Project Shakti, 64
public-private partnerships, 20, 87–89, 101, 115, 124–26, 129, 154
Q
quality control, 38, 53, 78, 90, 112, 122–23, 139–40
R
RedPlan Salud (INPPARES), 114
reengineering, 31
Rice University, 29–30
Riders for Health, 60
Roll Back Malaria Partnership, 129
CFW clinics in, 143
Community Health program in, 105–7, 143
demand creation in, 21
franchised microclinics in, 52, 53, 66
Warriors for Health, 146
S
Saath-Saath Project, 1
Safe Childbirth Checklist, 61
scaling, 23–24, 112, 153, 157, 165, 170
barriers to achievement, 88
expansion and quality issues, 23, 78
geographic replication, 77–78
levers to increase impact, 79–84, 127
mobile technology and, 115, 146
use of community health workers in, 145
via partnerships, 78, 86–87, 137–38, 142
Shetty, Devi, 135–36
Siemens AG
Siemens Fetal Heart Monitor, 44
Skoll Foundation, 168
Slingshot, 100
Smiling Sun Franchise Program, 111–14, 143, 153, 154
smoking cessation, 68
SMS for Life, 129
social franchising. see franchises/franchising
Sproxil, 130
sterilization, 98
Stevenson, Howard, 44
Stringer, Jeffrey, 121
Sub-Saharan Africa, 104–6, 120–26, 126, 167
Sunspring, 100
supply chain management, 17, 34, 38, 42, 53, 59, 60, 90, 156
surgery, 135–40
use of checklists in, 61
Susan G. Komen for the Cure, 124
T
bikes and motorcycles in, 59–60
health extension workers and, 104–5, 109, 116
in HIV screening, 127–28
in HPV screening, 122–23
provider-type, 48–49, 55–56, 90, 108–10, 116, 128, 134, 137
system-level changes, 56–57, 131, 137
Tata Chemicals Ltd., 100
technological change
in enabling technologies, 35, 137
innovation and, 30–32, 97, 156
in processes, 35
in products and services, 35, 40–41, 100, 102, 110, 115–16, 129–30
telemedicine, 58–59, 67, 115–16, 122–23, 137
Tinh Chi Em, 114
traditional birth attendants. see birth attendants and midwives
Tunza-PSI, 114
U
crowd-sourcing medication stockouts in, 129
use of task shifting, 22
UNICEF, 101
United Nations, 133
United Nations Foundation, 115
V
vaccinations. see immunizations
Venkataswamy, G., 139
Vestergaard Frandsen, 100
Vietnam, 114
vision impairment and blindness, 140–41
VisionSpring, 20
microfranchise model, 141–42
use of microentrepreneurs, 49–50
visual inspection with ascetic acid (VIA) procedure, 125, 130
Vodafone, 129
vouchers, 73–74
vScan, 115–16
W
Warriors for Health, 146
water purification, 44, 68, 99–101, 102
women, 96
access to contraceptives, 97–98, 104–6, 113–16
as entrepreneurs, 46, 49–50, 153
maternal mortality, 14, 96, 98–99, 103, 105
pregnancy and childbirth care, 21, 49, 73, 106–10
screening for HPV, 120–26
violence against, 105
as volunteer health workers, 86, 106, 145
World Bicycle Relief, 60
World Health Organization (WHO), 61, 101
World Vision, 60
World Vision International, 82
Y
Yunus, Muhammad, 153
Z