- Contents
- What’s New in the SAS 9.4 Macro Facility
- Understanding and Using the Macro Facility
- Introduction to the Macro Facility
- SAS Programs and Macro Processing
- Macro Variables
- Macro Processing
- Scopes of Macro Variables
- Scopes of Macro Variables
- Global Macro Variables
- Local Macro Variables
- Writing the Contents of Symbol Tables to the SAS Log
- How Macro Variables Are Assigned and Resolved
- Examples of Macro Variable Scopes (1/2)
- Examples of Macro Variable Scopes (2/2)
- Special Cases of Scope with the CALL SYMPUT Routine (1/2)
- Special Cases of Scope with the CALL SYMPUT Routine (2/2)
- Overview of CALL SYMPUT Routine
- Example Using CALL SYMPUT with Complete DATA Step and a Nonempty Local Symbol Table
- Example Using CALL SYMPUT with an Incomplete DATA Step
- Example Using CALL SYMPUT with a Complete DATA Step and an Empty Local Symbol Table
- Example Using CALL SYMPUT with SYSPBUFF and an Empty Local Symbol Table
- Macro Expressions
- Macro Quoting
- Macro Quoting
- Deciding When to Use a Macro Quoting Function and Which Function to Use
- %STR and %NRSTR Functions
- %BQUOTE and %NRBQUOTE Functions
- Referring to Already Quoted Variables
- Deciding How Much Text to Mask with a Macro Quoting Function
- %SUPERQ Function
- Summary of Macro Quoting Functions and the Characters That They Mask
- Unquoting Text
- How Macro Quoting Works
- Other Functions That Perform Macro Quoting
- Interfaces with the Macro Facility
- Storing and Reusing Macros
- Macro Facility Error Messages and Debugging
- General Macro Debugging Information
- Troubleshooting Your Macros (1/3)
- Troubleshooting Your Macros (2/3)
- Troubleshooting Your Macros (3/3)
- Solving Common Macro Problems
- Solving Macro Variable Resolution Problems
- Solving Problems with Macro Variable Scope
- Solving Open Code Statement Recursion Problems
- Solving Problems with Macro Functions
- Solving Unresolved Macro Problems
- Solving the “Black Hole” Macro Problem
- Resolving Timing Issues
- Example of a Macro Statement Executing Immediately
- Resolving Macro Resolution Problems Occurring during DATA Step Compilation
- Solving Problems with the Autocall Facility
- Fixing Autocall Library Specifications
- Fixing Autocall Macro Definition Errors
- File and Macro Names for Autocall
- Displaying Information about Stored Compiled Macros
- Solving Problems with Expression Evaluation
- Debugging Techniques (1/2)
- Debugging Techniques (2/2)
- Using System Options to Track Problems
- Tracing the Flow of Execution with MLOGIC
- Nesting Information Generated by MLOGICNEST
- Examining the Generated SAS Statements with MPRINT
- Nesting Information Generated by MPRINTNEST
- Storing MPRINT Output in an External File
- Examining Macro Variable Resolution with SYMBOLGEN
- Using the %PUT Statement to Track Problems
- Writing Efficient and Portable Macros
- Writing Efficient and Portable Macros
- Keeping Efficiency in Perspective
- Writing Efficient Macros
- Use Macros Wisely
- Use Name Style Macros
- Avoid Nested Macro Definitions
- Assign Function Results to Macro Variables
- Turn Off System Options When Appropriate
- Use the Stored Compiled Macro Facility
- Centrally Store Autocall Macros
- Other Useful Efficiency Tips
- Storing Only One Copy of a Long Macro Variable Value
- Writing Portable Macros (1/2)
- Writing Portable Macros (2/2)
- Using Portable SAS Language Functions with %SYSFUNC
- Example Using %SYSFUNC
- Using Automatic Variables with Host-Specific Values
- Example Using SYSPARM
- SYSPARM Details
- SYSRC Details
- Macro Language Elements with System Dependencies
- Host-Specific Macro Variables
- Naming Macros and External Files for Use with the Autocall Facility
- Macro Language Elements
- Macro Language Dictionary
- AutoCall Macros
- AutoCall Macros
- Dictionary
- %CMPRES and %QCMPRES Autocall Macros
- %COMPSTOR Autocall Macro
- %DATATYP Autocall Macro
- %KVERIFY Autocall Macro
- %LEFT Autocall Macro
- %LOWCASE and %QLOWCASE Autocall Macros
- %QCMPRES Autocall Macro
- %QLEFT Autocall Macro
- %QLOWCASE Autocall Macro
- %QTRIM Autocall Macro
- %SYSRC Autocall Macro
- %TRIM and %QTRIM Autocall Macro
- %VERIFY Autocall Macro
- Automatic Macro Variables
- Automatic Macro Variables
- Dictionary
- SYSADDRBITS Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSBUFFR Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSCC Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSCHARWIDTH Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSCMD Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDATASTEPPHASE Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDATE Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDATE9 Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDATE9 Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDAY Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDEVIC Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDMG Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSDSN Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSENCODING Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSENDIAN Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSENV Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSERR Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSERRORTEXT Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSFILRC Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSHOSTINFOLONG Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSHOSTNAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSINCLUDEFILEDEVICE Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSINCLUDEFILEDIR Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSINCLUDEFILEFILEREF Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSINCLUDEFILENAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSINDEX Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSINFO Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSJOBID Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSLAST Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSLCKRC Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSLIBRC Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSLOGAPPLNAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSMACRONAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSMAXLONG Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSMENV Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSMSG Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSNCPU Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSNOBS Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSODSESCAPECHAR Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSODSPATH Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPARM Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPBUFF Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPRINTTOLIST Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPRINTTOLOG Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPROCESSID Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPROCESSMODE Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPROCESSNAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSPROCNAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSRC Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSSCP and SYSSCPL Automatic Macro Variables
- SYSSCPL Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSSITE Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSSIZEOFLONG Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSSIZEOFPTR Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSSIZEOFUNICODE Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSSTARTID Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSSTARTNAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSTCPIPHOSTNAME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSTIME Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSTIMEZONE Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSTIMEZONEIDENT Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSTIMEZONEOFFSET Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSUSERID Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSVER Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSVLONG Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSVLONG4 Automatic Macro Variable
- SYSWARNINGTEXT Automatic Macro Variable
- DATA Step Call Routines for Macros
- DATA Step Functions for Macros
- Macro Functions
- Macro Functions
- Dictionary (1/8)
- Dictionary (2/8)
- Dictionary (3/8)
- Dictionary (4/8)
- Dictionary (5/8)
- Dictionary (6/8)
- Dictionary (7/8)
- Dictionary (8/8)
- %BQUOTE and %NRBQUOTE Functions
- %EVAL Function
- %INDEX Function
- %LENGTH Function
- %NRBQUOTE Function
- %NRQUOTE Function
- %NRSTR Function
- %QSCAN Function
- %QSUBSTR Function
- %QSYSFUNC Function
- %QUOTE and %NRQUOTE Functions
- %QUPCASE Function
- %SCAN and %QSCAN Functions
- %STR and %NRSTR Functions
- %SUBSTR and %QSUBSTR Functions
- %SUPERQ Function
- %SYMEXIST Function
- %SYMGLOBL Function
- %SYMLOCAL Function
- %SYSEVALF Function
- %SYSFUNC and %QSYSFUNC Functions
- %SYSGET Function
- %SYSMACEXEC Function
- %SYSMACEXIST Function
- %SYSMEXECDEPTH Function
- %SYSMEXECNAME Function
- %SYSPROD Function
- %UNQUOTE Function
- %UPCASE and %QUPCASE Functions
- SQL Clauses for Macros
- Macro Statements
- Macro Statements
- Dictionary (1/11)
- Dictionary (2/11)
- Dictionary (3/11)
- Dictionary (4/11)
- Dictionary (5/11)
- Dictionary (6/11)
- Dictionary (7/11)
- Dictionary (8/11)
- Dictionary (9/11)
- Dictionary (10/11)
- Dictionary (11/11)
- %ABORT Statement
- %* Macro Comment Statement
- %COPY Statement
- %DISPLAY Statement
- %DO Statement
- %DO, Iterative Statement
- %DO %UNTIL Statement
- %DO %WHILE Statement
- %END Statement
- %GLOBAL Statement
- %GOTO Statement
- %IF-%THEN/%ELSE Statement
- %INPUT Statement
- %label Statement
- %LET Statement
- %LOCAL Statement
- %MACRO Statement
- %MEND Statement
- %PUT Statement
- %RETURN Statement
- %SYMDEL Statement
- %SYSCALL Statement
- %SYSEXEC Statement
- %SYSLPUT Statement
- %SYSMACDELETE Statement
- %SYSMSTORECLEAR Statement
- %SYSRPUT Statement
- %WINDOW Statement
- System Options for Macros
- System Options for Macros
- Dictionary (1/7)
- Dictionary (2/7)
- Dictionary (3/7)
- Dictionary (4/7)
- Dictionary (5/7)
- Dictionary (6/7)
- Dictionary (7/7)
- CMDMAC System Option
- IMPLMAC System Option
- MACRO System Option
- MAUTOCOMPLOC System Option
- MAUTOLOCDISPLAY System Option
- MAUTOLOCINDES System Option
- MAUTOSOURCE System Option
- MCOMPILE System Option
- MCOMPILENOTE System Option
- MCOVERAGE System Options
- MCOVERAGELOC= System Option
- MERROR System Option
- MERROR System Option
- MEXECNOTE System Option
- MEXECSIZE System Option
- MFILE System Option
- MINDELIMITER= System Option
- MINOPERATOR System Option
- MLOGIC System Option
- MLOGICNEST System Option
- MPRINT System Option
- MPRINTNEST System Option
- MRECALL System Option
- MREPLACE System Option
- MSTORED System Option
- MSYMTABMAX= System Option
- MVARSIZE= System Option
- SASAUTOS= System Option
- SASMSTORE= System Option
- SERROR System Option
- SYMBOLGEN System Option
- SYSPARM= System Option
- AutoCall Macros
- Appendixes
- Reserved Words in the Macro Facility
- SAS Macro Facility Error and Warning Messages
- SAS Tokens
- Syntax for Selected Functions Used with the %SYSFUNC Function
- SAS Macro Examples
- Example 1: Import All CSV Files That Exist within a Directory
- Example 2: List All Files within a Directory Including Subdirectories
- Example 3: How to Increment a Macro DO Loop by a Non-integer Value
- Example 4: How to Use Character Values on a Macro %DO Loop
- Example 5: Place All SAS Data Set Variables into a Macro Variable
- Example 6: How to Retrieve the Program Name That Is Currently Running in Batch Mode or Interactively
- Example 7: Using a Macro to Create New Variable Names from Variable Values
- Example 8: Dynamically Determine the Number of Observations and Variables in a SAS Data Set
- Example 9: Use Macro Logic to Determine If an External File Is Empty
- Example 10: Retrieve Each Word from a Macro Variable List
- Example 11: Loop through Dates Using a Macro %DO Loop
- Example 12: Using Macro Variables within a CARDS or DATALINES Statement
- Example 13: Print Information to the Output Window If a Data Set Is Empty
- Example 14: Create a Quoted List Separated by Spaces
- Example 15: Delete a File on UNIX or Windows If It Exists
- Example 16: Retrieve the File Size, Create Time, and Last Modified Date of an External File
- Example 17: Delete All User-defined Macro Variables
- Recommended Reading
- Glossary (1/2)
- Glossary (2/2)
- Index (1/4)
- Index (2/4)
- Index (3/4)
- Index (4/4)
%let b=%nrstr(&a);
%put UPCASE produces: %upcase(&b);
%put QUPCASE produces: %qupcase(&b);
When these statements execute, the following is written to the SAS log:
UPCASE produces: begin
QUPCASE produces: &A
%UPCASE and %QUPCASE Functions 295
296 Chapter 17 • Macro Functions
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