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Part 3: Approaches to Operational Issues, Specific Threats, and Solutions
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Part 3: Approaches to Operational Issues, Specific Threats, and Solutions
by Marianna Perry, Lawrence Fennelly
The Handbook for School Safety and Security
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Book Opening Quote
Foreword
Preface
About the Editors and Contributors
Editors
Contributors
Part 1: Approaches and Best Practices for School Crime Prevention
Chapter 1: Best Practices—A Sixteen-Point Master Plan
Abstract
Introduction
Part A. Administrative Procedures
Part B. Physical Security (See Part II)
Chapter 2: Threats and Hazards at Educational Institutions
Abstract
Educational Institutions
Threats and Hazards at Educational Institutions
Protection for Educational Institutions
School Districts
Legislation for School Districts
Protection for School Districts
Colleges and Universities
Safety and Fire Protection at Educational Institutions
Chapter 3: Security Assessments and Prevention for K-12 Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Tragedies
Conclusion
Appendix A U.S. Secret Service Threat Assessment Suggestions
Appendix B School Safety and Security Checklist
Chapter 4: CPTED Applications for Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Situational Approaches
Objectives for School Environments
Crime Environments
Conclusion
Chapter 5: An Overview of School Safety and Security
Abstract
Introduction
Core Recommendations for Prevention and Mitigation
Core Recommendations for Preparedness
Core Recommendations for Response
Core Recommendations for Recovery
Prevention and Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Chapter 6: Empowerment of Crisis Management in Emergencies
Abstract
Introduction
Case Study: Kennesaw State University
Talking the Talk Is Fine, but Walking the Walk Is Where the Rubber Meets the Road
Chapter 7: Prevention and Student Safety for K-12
Abstract
Introduction
Solutions
Chapter 8: Think Prevention and Think Safety
Abstract
Introduction
Safe Travel
Top Eight Steps
Chapter 9: Understanding How to Use the Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) and the Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA)
Abstract
Introduction
Process Hazard Analysis
Layers of Protection Analysis
Using LOPA
Chapter 10: Mass Notification Requirements for Our Children’s Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Notifying the Masses
Recent Regulatory Activities
National Standards
Compliance and Enforcement
Mass Notification Role and Its Importance
Conclusion: Addressing Gaps
Chapter 11: You Get What You Pay For (Or When Free Is Not Really Free): Commentary and Insight on Free Security Consulting Services for Schools
Abstract
The Need to do Something
Reality—You Get What You Pay For
Liability
The Right Way
Still Considering So-Called Free Services?
Author’s Recommendations
Chapter 12: An Access Control Template for K-12 Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Property Perimeter
Building Perimeter
Visitor and Vendor Management
Hallways and Classrooms
Conclusions
Chapter 13: “Crime Risk” versus “Feeling Safe” in Schools: True and False Risk Assessment in Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Risk Assessment
Feeling Safe
Conclusion
Chapter 14: Partnering with Local First Responders and Public Safety Officials
Abstract
Introduction
Law Enforcement
Fire/EMS
Emergency Management
Conclusion
Chapter 15: Emergency Management Procedures
Abstract
Americans with Disabilities Act
Chapter 16: Policy and Procedures for Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Security Manual
Constructing Policy and Procedures
Report Writing
Conclusion
Part 2: Approaches to Physical Security
Chapter 17: An Overview of Physical Security Technology for Schools: What Security Technologies to Consider for Schools—Finding a Direction
Abstract
Introduction
Overarching Concerns and Considerations
Physical Security Technologies
Summary
Chapter 18: Hardware Function Choices and Lockdown Procedures: K-12 and University Classrooms
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Discussion on Classroom Intruder Function: Keying Options
Points to Consider on Hardware/Function
School Security Door Hardware Upgrade Project
Conclusion
Appendix A Sample Employee Key Request Form and Sign-Out Sheet
Appendix B Glossary of Terms and Definitions
Chapter 19: Security Lighting for Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Cost and ROI
Illumination2
Types of Lamps3
Lighting Equipment
Twenty-Five Things You Need to Know About Lighting for Your School4
Energy Management
Lighting Checklist
Protective Lighting Checklist
Lighting Levels for Your School Complex
Lighting Definitions
Lighting Systems
Web Sites
Appendix Lighting Description
Chapter 20: Intrusion Detection Systems for Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Threat or Risk
Components of Alarm Systems
Perimeter Protection
Area/Space Protection
False Alarms
Application
Object/Spot Detection for Schools
Alarm Control
Alarm Transmission/Signaling
Alarms Deter Crime
False Alarms in Your School
Alarm Equipment Overhaul
Additional Resources
Conclusion
Appendix A Glossary for Alarm Systems1
Appendix B Smoke Detectors
Appendix C Alarm Certificate Services Glossary of Terms Certificate Types2
Appendix D Fire Classifications
Chapter 21: Video Technology Overview for Schools
Abstract
Overview
The Video System
The Camera Function
Scene Illumination
Scene Characteristics
Lenses
Cameras
Transmission
Switchers
Quads and Multiplexers
Monitors
Recorders
Hard-Copy Video Printers
Ancillary Equipment
Summary
Appendix Glossary of Terms
Chapter 22: Access Control, Access Badges, and Biometrics Characteristics for Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Access Control
Designated Restricted Areas
Degree of Security for Your School
Considerations
Perimeter Access Control
Employee Screening
Identification System
ID Methods
Mechanized/Automated Systems
Card/Badge Specifications
Visitor Identification and Lobby Control in Your School
Enforcement Measures
Duress code
Access-control rosters
Methods of control
Security controls of packages, personal property, and vehicles
Building design
Layered levels of security
Access cards
Badges
Biometrics characteristics1
Chapter 23: Fire Alarm Systems for Schools
Abstract
Introduction
Fire Codes
NFPA 72
Voice Systems or ECSs
Part 3: Approaches to Operational Issues, Specific Threats, and Solutions
Chapter 24: A Look at School Security in Australia
Abstract
Introduction
Reduce Overall Crime
Conclusion
Chapter 25: Prevention of Crime in and Around High Schools: Lessons in Implementation and Dissemination
Abstract
The Safe and Secure Schools (3S) Matrix: How Mature Is a Safety and Security Policy?
Conclusion
Chapter 26: Operational Issues, Specific Threats, and Solutions
Abstract
Active Shooter
A.L.I.C.E. (Alert-Lockdown-Inform-Counter-Evacuate) Training
Background Investigations and Background Checks
Bullet-Resistant Doors, Windows, and Whiteboards (see Section “Glass and Windows” for Additional Information on this Topic)
Bullying
Chemical Labs
Community Policing and Schools: Components and Benefits
Computer Labs, Music Rooms, the Library, and the Gymnasium
Clery Act Compliance—K-12
Cyber Bullying
Cyber Crime Security
Driving Safety on and Around School Property
Fear of Crime
Fire Alarms and Building Evacuation
Fires and Fire Extinguishers12
Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Issues
Glass and Windows13
Global Harmonization Systems (MSDS and HazCom)
Guns Versus No Guns in Schools
Identity Theft
Latch-Key Kids
Liability
Lighting
Mentally Ill and Challenged (Active Shooters)
Metal Detectors
Noninstructional Areas
Physical Security
Policies, Procedures, Guidelines, and Standards
Restrooms and Locker Rooms
Risk and Protective Factor Assessments
School Bus Drivers
School Lockdowns
School Partnerships
School Security Officers27
School Uniforms
School Watch Programs
Security—How Much is Enough?
Situational Crime Prevention Using CPTED Concepts28
Student Lockers
Tailgating (Through Access Control)
Training
Vandalism and Graffiti30
Video Surveillance Systems—Six Secrets
WATCH D.O.G.S
Websites with Additional Information for School Safety and Security
Working with Architects
Zero Tolerance Versus Guidelines for Criminal Behavior
Chapter 27: 100 Things You Need to Know About School Security
Abstract
Introduction
Appendix: ASIS International’s List of School Security Websites Associations, Organizations, Publications1
Websites
Associations and Organizations
Publications
Additional Resources
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Chapter 23: Fire Alarm Systems for Schools
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Chapter 24: A Look at School Security in Australia
Part 3
Approaches to Operational Issues, Specific Threats, and Solutions
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