Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Dedication

Book Opening Quote

Foreword

Preface

About the Editors and Contributors

Editors

Contributors

Part 1: Approaches and Best Practices for School Crime Prevention

Chapter 1: Best Practices—A Sixteen-Point Master Plan

Abstract

Introduction

Part A. Administrative Procedures

Part B. Physical Security (See Part II)

Chapter 2: Threats and Hazards at Educational Institutions

Abstract

Educational Institutions

Threats and Hazards at Educational Institutions

Protection for Educational Institutions

School Districts

Legislation for School Districts

Protection for School Districts

Colleges and Universities

Safety and Fire Protection at Educational Institutions

Chapter 3: Security Assessments and Prevention for K-12 Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Tragedies

Conclusion

Appendix A U.S. Secret Service Threat Assessment Suggestions

Appendix B School Safety and Security Checklist

Chapter 4: CPTED Applications for Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Situational Approaches

Objectives for School Environments

Crime Environments

Conclusion

Chapter 5: An Overview of School Safety and Security

Abstract

Introduction

Core Recommendations for Prevention and Mitigation

Core Recommendations for Preparedness

Core Recommendations for Response

Core Recommendations for Recovery

Prevention and Mitigation

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Chapter 6: Empowerment of Crisis Management in Emergencies

Abstract

Introduction

Case Study: Kennesaw State University

Talking the Talk Is Fine, but Walking the Walk Is Where the Rubber Meets the Road

Chapter 7: Prevention and Student Safety for K-12

Abstract

Introduction

Solutions

Chapter 8: Think Prevention and Think Safety

Abstract

Introduction

Safe Travel

Top Eight Steps

Chapter 9: Understanding How to Use the Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) and the Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA)

Abstract

Introduction

Process Hazard Analysis

Layers of Protection Analysis

Using LOPA

Chapter 10: Mass Notification Requirements for Our Children’s Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Notifying the Masses

Recent Regulatory Activities

National Standards

Compliance and Enforcement

Mass Notification Role and Its Importance

Conclusion: Addressing Gaps

Chapter 11: You Get What You Pay For (Or When Free Is Not Really Free): Commentary and Insight on Free Security Consulting Services for Schools

Abstract

The Need to do Something

Reality—You Get What You Pay For

Liability

The Right Way

Still Considering So-Called Free Services?

Author’s Recommendations

Chapter 12: An Access Control Template for K-12 Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Property Perimeter

Building Perimeter

Visitor and Vendor Management

Hallways and Classrooms

Conclusions

Chapter 13: “Crime Risk” versus “Feeling Safe” in Schools: True and False Risk Assessment in Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Risk Assessment

Feeling Safe

Conclusion

Chapter 14: Partnering with Local First Responders and Public Safety Officials

Abstract

Introduction

Law Enforcement

Fire/EMS

Emergency Management

Conclusion

Chapter 15: Emergency Management Procedures

Abstract

Americans with Disabilities Act

Chapter 16: Policy and Procedures for Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Security Manual

Constructing Policy and Procedures

Report Writing

Conclusion

Part 2: Approaches to Physical Security

Chapter 17: An Overview of Physical Security Technology for Schools: What Security Technologies to Consider for Schools—Finding a Direction

Abstract

Introduction

Overarching Concerns and Considerations

Physical Security Technologies

Summary

Chapter 18: Hardware Function Choices and Lockdown Procedures: K-12 and University Classrooms

Abstract

Introduction

Theoretical Discussion on Classroom Intruder Function: Keying Options

Points to Consider on Hardware/Function

School Security Door Hardware Upgrade Project

Conclusion

Appendix A Sample Employee Key Request Form and Sign-Out Sheet

Appendix B Glossary of Terms and Definitions

Chapter 19: Security Lighting for Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Cost and ROI

Illumination2

Types of Lamps3

Lighting Equipment

Twenty-Five Things You Need to Know About Lighting for Your School4

Energy Management

Lighting Checklist

Protective Lighting Checklist

Lighting Levels for Your School Complex

Lighting Definitions

Lighting Systems

Web Sites

Appendix Lighting Description

Chapter 20: Intrusion Detection Systems for Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Threat or Risk

Components of Alarm Systems

Perimeter Protection

Area/Space Protection

False Alarms

Application

Object/Spot Detection for Schools

Alarm Control

Alarm Transmission/Signaling

Alarms Deter Crime

False Alarms in Your School

Alarm Equipment Overhaul

Additional Resources

Conclusion

Appendix A Glossary for Alarm Systems1

Appendix B Smoke Detectors

Appendix C Alarm Certificate Services Glossary of Terms Certificate Types2

Appendix D Fire Classifications

Chapter 21: Video Technology Overview for Schools

Abstract

Overview

The Video System

The Camera Function

Scene Illumination

Scene Characteristics

Lenses

Cameras

Transmission

Switchers

Quads and Multiplexers

Monitors

Recorders

Hard-Copy Video Printers

Ancillary Equipment

Summary

Appendix Glossary of Terms

Chapter 22: Access Control, Access Badges, and Biometrics Characteristics for Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Access Control

Designated Restricted Areas

Degree of Security for Your School

Considerations

Perimeter Access Control

Employee Screening

Identification System

ID Methods

Mechanized/Automated Systems

Card/Badge Specifications

Visitor Identification and Lobby Control in Your School

Enforcement Measures

Duress code

Access-control rosters

Methods of control

Security controls of packages, personal property, and vehicles

Building design

Layered levels of security

Access cards

Badges

Biometrics characteristics1

Chapter 23: Fire Alarm Systems for Schools

Abstract

Introduction

Fire Codes

NFPA 72

Voice Systems or ECSs

Part 3: Approaches to Operational Issues, Specific Threats, and Solutions

Chapter 24: A Look at School Security in Australia

Abstract

Introduction

Reduce Overall Crime

Conclusion

Chapter 25: Prevention of Crime in and Around High Schools: Lessons in Implementation and Dissemination

Abstract

The Safe and Secure Schools (3S) Matrix: How Mature Is a Safety and Security Policy?

Conclusion

Chapter 26: Operational Issues, Specific Threats, and Solutions

Abstract

Active Shooter

A.L.I.C.E. (Alert-Lockdown-Inform-Counter-Evacuate) Training

Background Investigations and Background Checks

Bullet-Resistant Doors, Windows, and Whiteboards (see Section “Glass and Windows” for Additional Information on this Topic)

Bullying

Chemical Labs

Community Policing and Schools: Components and Benefits

Computer Labs, Music Rooms, the Library, and the Gymnasium

Clery Act Compliance—K-12

Cyber Bullying

Cyber Crime Security

Driving Safety on and Around School Property

Fear of Crime

Fire Alarms and Building Evacuation

Fires and Fire Extinguishers12

Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Issues

Glass and Windows13

Global Harmonization Systems (MSDS and HazCom)

Guns Versus No Guns in Schools

Identity Theft

Latch-Key Kids

Liability

Lighting

Mentally Ill and Challenged (Active Shooters)

Metal Detectors

Noninstructional Areas

Physical Security

Policies, Procedures, Guidelines, and Standards

Restrooms and Locker Rooms

Risk and Protective Factor Assessments

School Bus Drivers

School Lockdowns

School Partnerships

School Security Officers27

School Uniforms

School Watch Programs

Security—How Much is Enough?

Situational Crime Prevention Using CPTED Concepts28

Student Lockers

Tailgating (Through Access Control)

Training

Vandalism and Graffiti30

Video Surveillance Systems—Six Secrets

WATCH D.O.G.S

Websites with Additional Information for School Safety and Security

Working with Architects

Zero Tolerance Versus Guidelines for Criminal Behavior

Chapter 27: 100 Things You Need to Know About School Security

Abstract

Introduction

Appendix: ASIS International’s List of School Security Websites Associations, Organizations, Publications

Websites

Associations and Organizations

Publications

Additional Resources

Index

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